碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钨锡矿石中钨锡钼铜铅锌硫砷

钨锡矿石共生与伴生元素多,为克服常用的钨锡矿石中锡、钨、钼、铜、铅、锌、硫、砷等8种元素检测过程程序繁琐,效率低下问题,通过在刚玉坩埚中直接加入氢氟酸挥发掉样品中的二氧化硅,用过氧化钠熔融已除硅的样品,再以酒石酸+磷酸+盐酸提取,解决了碱熔酸化的样品溶液中硅胶的影响和钨、锡等元素的不稳定性问题,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法直接测定样品中的锡、钨、钼、铜、铅、锌、硫、砷的方法。系统研究了过氧化钠熔剂的用量对各元素的影响,考察了引入单一酒石酸的络合作用和酒石酸+磷酸的混酸对各元素的影响,结果表明,过氧化钠用量为1.0 g时样品可以完全分解;单一酒石酸的络合作用有限,钨含量高的样品容易发生沉淀,而酒石酸+磷酸的混酸可以使钨在溶液中长期稳定,而对其他元素没有影响。选用5个钨、锡矿石国家一级标准物质按照本方法进行处理,测定结果均在认定值的误差范围内;采用4个实际样品与标准方法进行比对实验,各元素检测结果无显著差异。各元素的光谱强度在0～200 μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）均在0.999 9以上,方法检出限值为3.0μg/g～25.0 μg/g,相对标准偏差RSD（n=12）为0.33%～7.0%。方法测试过程操作简便,检测结果准确、可靠,在多元素大批量的样品检测中具有明显优势。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定炭质页岩中的钨钼钪

炭质页岩中含有大量的炭化有机质,其中钨钼在单一盐酸溶液中易水解,样品的完全消解及有效防止钨酸、钼酸的形成是准确测定炭质页岩中钨、钼和钪含量的关键。采用HCl-HF-HNO_3-HClO_4四酸体系消解样品,加盖形成蒸气回流;采用酒石酸-盐酸体系浸取,有效防止钨酸、钼酸沉淀导致结果偏低问题。建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定炭质页岩中的钨、钼、钪的分析方法。测定结果表明,各元素在0.01～200.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.999 9以上,方法检出限为0.011～0.045μg/g。按照实验方法测定炭质页岩中的钨、钼、钪,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.77%～2.6%,加标回收率在94.0%～107%。能满足炭质页岩中钨、钼和钪含量的测定。     

单柱离子色谱法测定钼酸根和钨酸根离子的研究

本文采有单柱离子色谱系统测定了MoO_4~(2-)和WO_4~(2-)。以1.0mmol/L钼酸钠为淋洗液测定WO_4~(2-),以1.0mmol/L钨酸钠为淋洗液测定MoO_4~(2-),常见阴离子Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)不干扰测定,MoO_4~(2-)和MO_4~(2-)的检出限分别为3.55μg/ml和5.03μg/ml,相对标准偏差为1.04％和1.66％,工作曲线的线性范围为3.55～1500μg/ml和5.03～1500μg/ml。应用于钼、钨、硅杂多酸中钼和钨的测定,结果满意。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定钨钼矿石中锡

建立了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HC-AFS)测定钨钼矿中锡的测定方法.采用过氧化钠熔解样品,以20 g/L KBH4作还原剂,100 g/L酒石酸为载流,并讨论了不同工作条件对氢化物发生效率的影响,试验了共存元素的干扰情况.方法的检出限为0.05μg/L,精密度(=12)为2.4%～7.2%.     

极谱法测定化探样品中钨钼的技术改进

针对传统极谱法测定化探样品中钨钼时操作手段繁琐问题加以改进。试样以硫酸-二苯乙醇酸-二苯胍-氯酸钠体系为混合底液,将经过碱熔融后的样品以甲基橙为指示剂,用硫酸(1+1)调酸度后,加入固定比例的混合底液,摇匀,无需定容,放置25~30min后直接测定。采用二次倒数波测定,钨峰电位在-660mV左右,钼峰电位在-30mV左右,钨钼的质量浓度在0.02~1.0μg/mL内呈线性关系,钨检出限为0.5μg/g,钼检出限为0.3μg/g。方法灵敏度高,快捷、简单,适用于大批量化探样品的测定。     

ICP-MS法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中的镓、锡、锑、铅、铋

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素的含量。以盐酸–硝酸(体积比3∶1)混合酸为消解剂,利用微波消解仪消解样品,以Rh(10μg/L)为内标元素。镓的线性范围为0～50μg/g,锡、锑、铅的线性范围为0～20μg/g,铋的线性范围为0～2μg/g,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.01,0.2,0.1,0.07,0.006μg/g。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准值之间的相对误差在7.7%～22.7%范围内。样品加标回收率为98.2%～108.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.1%～1.5%(n=5)。该方法可以快速、准确地对镍基单晶高温合金DD416中镓、锡、锑、铅、铋元素进行同时测定。     

湿式消化-ICP-AES法测定航空润滑油中镍钛镁铬钼锡

研究采用硝酸-高氯酸混合酸湿式消化法，建立ICP-AES法同时测定航空润滑油中痕量金属元素镍、钛、镁、铬、钼、锡。样品消化完全、快速，检出限分别为(μg．L^-1)：镍4．1、钛2．1、镁4．2、铬3．2、钼3．6、锡24．4，RSD小于5％，回收率为96．0％～104．0％。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锡矿和钨钼矿中16种组分

锡矿或钨钼矿样品以四硼酸锂为熔剂,以硝酸铵为氧化剂,预氧化后,以溴化锂为脱模剂,在1 100℃下熔融10min,冷却后制成熔融片,采用X射线荧光光谱法测定熔融片中锡、钨、钼、砷、铅、锌、锑、铜和三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、三氧化二铁、一氧化锰、二氧化钛、氧化钙、五氧化二磷、三氧化硫等16种组分的含量。以五氧化二钽为内标,采用理论系数法校正基体效应,16种组分的检出限为50～155μg·g~(-1)。方法应用于锡矿样品的分析,测定值与已知值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.15%～1.2%。     

高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定硅碳复合负极材料中的碳

采用高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定硅碳复合负极材料中碳含量。分别考察了称样量,助熔剂种类、用量对测定结果的影响,确定了称样量为100～200 mg,以1.5 g钨粒、0.8 g铁粒和0.3 g锡粒为助熔剂。碳的线性相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.84μg/g,测定下限为2.8μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.83%～2.02%(n=11),样品加标回收率为97.6%～101.1%。该方法快速、准确,适用于硅碳复合负极材料中碳含量的测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定矿石中钨钼锡

提出了X射线荧光光谱法同时测定钨钼锡矿石中钨、钼、锡元素含量的分析方法。方法选择四硼酸锂作熔剂,熔融制成样片,通过PW2403型X射线荧光光谱仪自带Super Q系统软件,以经验α系数法和Rh康普顿散射线内标法校正基体效应。以标准样品建立工作曲线,同时测量样品中钨、钼、锡元素含量。方法准确度和精密度能满足规范要求,钨、钼、锡的分析方法检出限分别为0.0042%、0.0026%、0.0072%。采用本法同时测定矿石中钨、钼、锡元素含量结果与传统分析方法测定结果相吻合,样品检测结果能满足矿区地质勘查的工作要求。     

Control charts in multi-element analysis of human urine

A plan for internal quality control (IQC) was designed to monitor the quality of analytical results obtained from the simultaneous determination by ICP-MS of nine trace elements (As, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, U, V, W and Zr) in 1350 samples of human urine collected as part of an epidemiological study. Analytical performances, assessed during the method validation, were as follows: limit of quantification ranging from 0.002 μg/L (U) to 0.9 μg/L (Ni); recovery rates varying between 82 % (As) and 110 % (W); intermediate precision as relative standard deviation ranging from 2.5 % (Mo) to 14.2 % (V). Only for Zr, a significantly higher relative standard deviation was obtained. Initially, two commercially certified reference materials (CRMs) based on freeze-dried human urine and containing the elements of interest at suitable levels of concentration were used as control materials. However, due to considerations of reliability, convenience and cost, a control material based on fresh human urine was prepared in-house, evaluated by comparison with the CRMs and implemented for the IQC. The IQC strategy was as follows: at least one control material was analysed in each analytical session and one more control material was analysed after every ten urine samples. The central lines of the control charts were based on the assigned concentration values; the warning and action limits were set on a statistical basis, as two-times and three-times the value of the uncertainty of certified values or the observed standard deviation. At the end of the study, the data collected for the in-house control material were re-evaluated and confirmed its suitability for the purpose. The use of an in-house control material had important advantages: it was more representative of the test samples; its preparation did not involve additional steps, therefore, reducing the risk of contamination; the cost of implementing the IQC was also reduced. Some issues concerning the control charts for As and Mo were addressed and will be discussed.     

迭代目标转换因子分析光度法同时测定化探样品中钼、钨

本文以水杨基荧光酮为显色剂、采用迭代目标转换因子分析光度法,不经分离对化探样品中钼、钨进行同时测定。结果表明,各组分的相对误差一般小于10％,Mo、W的相对标准偏差分别为1.6％,1.5％。取得满意结果。对标准数据阵的构成、因子数的确定以及矿样分解,干扰消除等诸问题进行了探讨。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定低品位锂云母中的铷和铯

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定低品位锂云母中铷和铯含量的方法。通过试验确定了最佳的样品处理条件,以铑为内标校正基体干扰,确定方法对铷和铯的检出限(3s)分别为0.032,0.018μg·L^-1,标准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.999 7。对实际样品进行11次测定,相对标准偏差(n=11)为2.3%~4.6%;加标回收试验的回收率为96.5%~105%。经国家标准品验证,本方法的测定值与标准值相符。该方法快速准确,能满足低品位锂云母中铷和铯的分析要求。     

分散微固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定茶叶中高氯酸盐

基于分散微固相萃取(DMSPE)技术,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(UHPLC-HRMS)建立了茶叶中高氯酸盐的检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,以PSA和PCX为吸附填料进行DMSPE净化,采用Poroshell 120 PFP色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)为分析柱,甲醇-1.0%乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,内标法定量。采用负离子采集模式,靶向单一离子监测(TSIM)/数据依赖质谱(ddMS2)扫描模式进行定性筛查和定量分析。高氯酸盐在0.05~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9997),方法检出限(LOD)为0.4μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为1.2μg/kg;在1.2、12、120μg/kg 3种加标水平下,高氯酸盐在茶叶中的平均回收率为87.4%~105%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD_r)为0.30%~6.1%,日间相对标准偏差(RSD_R)为4.2%~9.2%。该方法操作简单、成本低、样品净化效果好,灵敏度可满足欧盟的残留限量要求,适用于茶叶中高氯酸盐的检测,为我国茶叶中高氯酸盐的监测和风险评估提供了可靠的技术手段。     

GC-MS/MS法测定沉积物和生物样品中邻苯二甲酸酯

采用固相萃取(SPE)和QuEChERS技术结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术,建立了养殖海域沉积物和生物样品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)定量分析方法.沉积物样品以二氯甲烷为提取溶剂,经PSA-Silica固相萃取柱净化,生物样品以乙腈为提取溶剂,经150.0 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、150.0...     

Fully automated standard addition method for the quantification of 29 polar pesticide metabolites in different water bodies using LC-MS/MS

A reliable quantification by LC-ESI-MS/MS as the most suitable analytical method for polar substances in the aquatic environment is usually hampered by matrix effects from co-eluting compounds, which are unavoidably present in environmental samples. The standard addition method (SAM) is the most appropriate method to compensate matrix effects. However, when performed manually, this method is too labour- and time-intensive for routine analysis. In the present work, a fully automated SAM using a multi-purpose sample manager “Open Architecture UPLC®-MS/MS” (ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) was developed for the sensitive and reliable determination of 29 polar pesticide metabolites in environmental samples. A four-point SAM was conducted parallel to direct-injection UPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination that was followed by a work flow to calculate the analyte concentrations including monitoring of required quality criteria. Several parameters regarding the SAM, chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions were optimised in order to obtain a fast as well as reliable analytical method. The matrix effects were examined by comparison of the SAM with an external calibration method. The accuracy of the SAM was investigated by recovery tests in samples of different catchment areas. The method detection limit was estimated to be between 1 and 10 ng/L for all metabolites by direct injection of a 10-μL sample. The relative standard deviation values were between 2 and 10 % at the end of calibration range (30 ng/L). About 200 samples from different water bodies were examined with this method in the Rhine and Ruhr region of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Approximately 94 % of the analysed samples contained measurable amounts of metabolites. For most metabolites, low concentrations ≤0.10 μg/L were determined. Only for three metabolites were the concentrations in ground water significantly higher (up to 20 μg/L). In none of the examined drinking water samples were the health-related indication values (between 1 and 3 μg/L) for non-relevant metabolites exceeded.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对REACH法规涉及产品中铅、铬、钴、砷、锡、铝、锆、钼和硼的含量进行测定。0.2g样品经微波消解处理,聚合物材质试样以8mL硝酸和2mL过氧化氢为消解试剂;无机非金属材质试样以6mL硝酸、2mL过氧化氢和2mL氢氟酸为消解试剂。各元素的方法检出限均低于15mg·kg-1。方法的加标回收率在82.4%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3%～6%之间。     

Quality evaluation of Eucommiae Cortex processed by different methods and “sweating” conditions based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with gray relational analysis

Eucommiae Cortex is a classical traditional Chinese medicine, which needs to be processed by “sweating” methods. To select the suitable processing method and “sweating” processing condition for Eucommiae Cortex, in this study, the quality of Eucommiae Cortex was evaluated based on simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents combined with gray relational analysis. The contents of lignans, iridoids, penylpropanoids, flavonoids, and phenols in samples were simultaneously determined using ultra‐fast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Synergiۛ Hydro‐RP 100 Å column (100 mm × 2.0 mm, 2.5 μm) at 30°C with a gradient elution of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid/0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase. Furthermore, gray relational analysis was performed to evaluate and sort the samples according to the contents of 14 constituents by calculating the relative correlation degree of each sample. The results demonstrated that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex “sweating” at source area was better and the better “sweating” condition was to scrape off the cork layer before “sweating” with straw covering and sun drying. The developed method could provide the foundation and support for “sweating” processing method of Eucommiae Cortex in normalization and standardization.     

Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide‐based frozen ionic liquid for the hollow‐fiber solid‐phase microextraction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites

1‐Hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide is a solid‐phase ionic organic material under ambient temperature and is considered as a kind of “frozen” ionic liquid. Because of their solid‐state and ultra‐hydrophobicity, “frozen” ionic liquids are able to be confined in the pores of hollow fiber, based on which a simple method was developed for the hollow‐fiber solid‐phase microextraction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method results in good linearity (R ² > 0.9965) over the range of 0.5−50 μg/L, with low limits of detection and quantification in the range of 0.33−0.38 and 1.00−1.25 μg/L, respectively. Intra‐ and interday precisions evaluated by relative standard deviation were 3−6 and 1−6%, respectively. The spiked recoveries of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites from real water samples were in the range of 64−113 and 79−112%, respectively, at two different concentration levels. The results suggest that “frozen” ionic liquids are promising for use as a class of novel sorbents.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-气相色谱串联质谱测定土壤中的乙草胺

提出一种准确、高效测定土壤中乙草胺的分析方法。优化方法后,土壤样品经过预处理,加速溶剂萃取(ASE),固相萃取柱(SPE)净化,样液经气相色谱串联质谱仪(GC-MS/MS)测定,用空白样品基质液配标,浓度在0.005~0.2μg/mL范围内,线性相关系数达0.9998。对空白土壤样品进行0.5,5,20μg/kg 3个水平加标(n=6),平均回收率为89.3%~102.1%,RSD范围为2.9%~4.1%。此方法可用于实际样品测定。