花生油中游离脂肪酸的HPLC-FLD分析

采用柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)分析了花生油中的游离脂肪酸.用荧光衍生试剂2-(11 H-苯[a]咔唑)乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(BCETS)作为柱前衍生化试剂对11种脂肪酸标准品(9种不饱和脂肪酸和棕榈酸、硬脂酸)进行衍生,经梯度洗脱实现了11种游离脂肪酸BCETS衍生物的完全分离,使用外标法定量,建...     

超临界CO_2萃取-气相色谱法测定膨化食品中反式脂肪酸

采用超临界CO_2(SC-CO_2)萃取、KOH-甲醇法甲酯化衍生、气相色谱内标法测定膨化食品中反式脂肪酸(TFAs),通过正交试验分别对萃取和甲酯化条件进行了优化。结果表明,SC-CO_2萃取的最佳条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.0h,CO_2流量15mL/min;最佳甲酯化条件为:KOH-甲醇浓度1mol/L,反应时间1min,反应温度20℃;反-10-十八烯酸甲酯在0.06~1.5mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9997,定量限为0.001mg/L,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.5%,日间RSD为8.5%,加标回收率为95.8%~106.6%。该方法快速、准确、提取率高,且对人体和环境无任何危害,可用于膨化食品中TFAs的检测。     

高效液相色谱-质谱分离鉴定荧光试剂标记的脂肪酸

以2-(2-(10-蒽基)-萘[2,3-d]咪唑)-乙基-对甲苯磺酸酯(ANITS)作为柱前衍生化试剂,在Eclipse XDB-C8色谱柱上,梯度洗脱实现了20种游离脂肪酸(FFA)衍生物的完全基线分离。90℃下在DMF溶剂中以K2CO3作催化剂,选取衍生试剂摩尔数为脂肪酸的7倍,衍生反应40min可获得稳定的荧光产物。激发和发射波长分别为250nm和512nm。采用大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式,实现了油菜蜂花粉中游离脂肪酸的质谱鉴定。所有脂肪酸的线性相关系数均大于0.9999,检出限为24.76~98.79fmol。     

植醇对牧草中脂肪酸测定的干扰及其消除

通过对牧草脂肪酸的测定,分析气相色谱法直接碱催化甲酯化、碱皂化三氟化硼催化甲酯化2种前处理方法中植醇的干扰情况,优化碱皂化三氟化硼催化的试验条件。实验结果表明,在2种前处理方法中,植醇对牧草脂肪酸的测定均产生干扰,其中直接碱催化甲酯化法干扰较重。80℃是碱皂化三氟化硼催化甲酯化处理牧草的最优水浴温度,能完全去除植醇,且80℃时,脂肪酸的甲酯化效率最高。在添加量为100、500 mg/kg 2种水平中,5种脂肪酸甲酯的平均回收率在87.5%~94.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.0%~5.1%之间。改进的方法能消除植醇的干扰,其准确度和精密度能满足牧草脂肪酸测定要求。     

基于气相色谱的血清中游离脂肪酸代谢轮廓分析区分糖尿病与正常人

建立了以硫酸/甲醇为甲酯化试剂的气相色谱法,对人血清中7种游离脂肪酸(FFA)进行定量代谢轮廓分析。该法以十七酸为内标,血清样品直接甲酯化处理,采用Rtx-Wax色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。研究结果表明,7种脂肪酸在2～500μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.15%～5.39%,回收率为76.6%～121.9%。用建立的FFA定量轮廓分析方法结合主成分分析区分了31例糖尿病患者和30例正常人,结果显示糖尿病病人与正常人血清中的脂肪酸代谢存在差异。所建立的方法操作简单,结果准确可靠,可用于FFA血清浓度的监测。而肉豆蔻酸(C14∶0)和油酸(C18∶1)承载了两组人群的重要信息,作为可能的标志物,对糖尿病的临床诊断具有重要意义。     

酸水解-气相色谱法测定奶粉中的二十二碳六烯酸

建立了盐酸水解,索氏提取总脂肪酸,氢氧化钾甲醇溶液甲酯化,硫酸氢钠处理,气相色谱测定奶粉中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量的方法。采用三因素三水平正交试验对氢氧化钾甲醇溶液甲酯化条件进行了优化,得到最优反应条件为:1 mol/L氢氧化钾在25 ℃反应5 min。甲酯化衍生液经硫酸氢钠处理,在SP-2560气相色谱柱(100 m×0.25 mm×0.20 μ m)上进行55 min程序升温测定DHA含量。DHA在5.0~300 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9999。DHA质量浓度为10、50、100 mg/L时目标峰峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.4%、1.2%和1.1%。方法检出限为2 mg/kg,回收率为90.4%~93.5%。该法用于实际样品的检测,结果令人满意。     

脂肪乳剂Intralipid代谢产物的高效液相色谱测定

本文介绍了利用ＨＰＬＣ色谱柱前衍生化技术简便，正确和灵敏地测定血清中游离脂肪酸的方法。在最佳条件下，一些脂肪酸的最低检知量为０．０４μｇ。方法已用于脂肪乳剂Ｉｎｔｒａｌｉｐｉｄ在诱发急性坏死性胰腺炎动物体内代谢产物测定。     

高效液相色谱荧光测定及质谱鉴定土壤和苔藓中的脂肪酸

以吖啶酮-9-乙基对甲苯磺酸酯(AETS)作荧光衍生化试剂,建立了灵敏、简单的游离脂肪酸反相高效液相色谱测定方法。在Ec lipse XDB-C8色谱柱上,实现了19种游离脂肪酸(FFA)衍生物的完全基线分离。选取AETS摩尔数为脂肪酸的6倍,以DMF作溶剂,在85℃条件下以K2CO3作催化剂可获得稳定的荧光产物,条件温和、衍生产率高。利用柱后在线串联质谱以APC I大气压化学电离源正离子模式实现了各组分的质谱定性。对土壤和3种苔藓植物中(树藓、狭叶绢藓、曲尾藓)FFA组分定量结果表明,苔藓植物从土壤中富集了大量的游离脂肪酸。荧光检测的激发和发射波长分别为404 nm和440 nm。绝大多数脂肪酸的线性相关系数大于0.9996,检出限为12.3~43.7 fmol。本方法具有良好的重现性,用于实际样品测定,结果满意。     

Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas L.fatty acids using solid acid SO2-4/ZrO2-CeO2 as catalyst

用沉淀浸渍法制备了固体酸催化剂SO2-4/ZrO2-CeO2,用于催化小桐籽油脂肪酸与甲醇酯化制备生物柴油.考察了焙烧温度和CeO2负载量对催化剂活性的影响,并进行了单因素实验和动力学研究.研究表明,SO2-4/ZrO2 -CeO2有较高的催化活性,当甲醇与脂肪酸体积比2∶1,反应温度150℃,催化剂用量为脂肪酸质量的8％,反应60 min时,脂肪酸转化率可达0.940 3.动力学计算表明,该酯化反应的表观活化能为45.31 kJ/mol,动力学模型为-dcA/dt=38.371e(45310/RT C 1.44 A ).     

GC-FID甲酯化法测定橄榄油中六种脂肪酸

以KOH-甲醇为甲酯化试剂对橄榄油中6种主要脂肪酸进行甲酯化,研究酯化KOH浓度、温度和时间等对脂肪酸甲酯化率的影响,并用GC-FID测定脂肪酸甲酯化物的峰面积,归一化法定量.结果表明在室温条件下,0.4 mol/LKOH-甲醇溶液,酯化40 min的甲酯化率最高,该法的回收率范围为93.8%～108.9%,6种脂肪酸甲酯的最低定量限为1000μg/kg,相对标准偏差小于5.2%.应用该方法测定了4个不同国家的22种市售橄榄油样品中的6种主要脂肪酸的含量,并成功的对其进行了品质判定.该方法快速,灵敏,准确,为鉴别橄榄油的真伪和品质提供了参考依据.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.