4种黄酮化合物与5-脂氧合酶相互作用研究

首次采用体外抑制实验检测芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷、槲皮素4种黄酮化合物对5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)抑制作用,4种化合物IC50值分别为44.18,94.17,172.49和468.45 μmol/L.在超滤液质联用实验中测定4种化合物与5-LOX酶的结合率,其结果与体外抑制实验结果一致,表明芦丁对5-LOX有较强的抑制作用,其次为紫云英苷,而槲皮素和异槲皮苷对5-LOX几乎无作用.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱法鉴定育发化妆品中4种植物功效成分

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)鉴定育发化妆品中4种植物功效成分(槲皮苷、何首乌苷、芦丁和柚皮苷)的分析方法。样品采用甲醇超声提取,上清液经2%/甲酸水溶液稀释后上PAX阴离子固相萃取柱净化。以甲醇和0.002%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在CSH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm,Waters)上分离,于UPLC-QTOF-MS负离子模式下进行检测。槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁采用外标法定量测定;5%氨水溶液条件下,柚皮苷因在PAX上的吸附过程中结构转化为柚皮苷查尔酮,只能进行定性鉴定。在优化条件下,槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁在5~200μg·L-1浓度范围内均呈良好线性,相关系数大于0.999;方法定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.03~0.1 mg·kg-1;在洗发水基质中的加标回收率为80.9%~104.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)不大19.6%。该方法准确、适用性强,已成功应用于育发化妆品中槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁的定性定量检测以及柚皮苷的定性鉴定。     

高效制备液相色谱法从荷叶中分离制备黄酮类化合物

采用高效制备液相色谱法从荷叶(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)中分离制备荷叶黄酮类化合物。用60%乙醇回流提取荷叶，粗提液浓缩后经D-101柱及聚酰胺柱色谱分离，再在Symmetry PrepTM C18柱上分离,以水-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱（流速为5.0 mL/min）,得到了3种黄酮类化合物。经紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱分析,确定该3种物质分别为金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷。所制备的3种化合物的纯度都在97%以上,其中紫云英苷为首次从荷叶中分离得到。     

柱前衍生-毛细管电泳法分离测定苦荞壳中的8种黄酮类化合物

约1g苦荞壳样品用80%(体积分数,下同)乙醇溶液5mL于70℃搅拌提取2h,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,滤液于80℃水浴中灭酶30min后,再加入2.0×10-4 mol·L~(-1)双三甲基硅烷基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)于80℃水浴中反应30 min,使提取液中的8种黄酮类化合物[儿茶素(Cat)、芦丁(Rut)、山奈酚(Kae)、槲皮素(Mel)、金丝桃苷(Hyp)、异槲皮苷(Hir)、杨梅素(Myi)、槲皮苷(Que)]衍生化。选择DB-624毛细管柱为固定相,采用含15mmol·L~(-1)β-环状糊精(β-CD)的15mmol·L~(-1)硼酸盐溶液(pH 9.3)为运行缓冲溶液。结果显示,在最优条件下,8种黄酮类化合物衍生物可在9min内实现快速高效的基线分离和测定。8种黄酮类化合物衍生物在一定的范围内和其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.022～0.039mmol·L~(-1)。以苦荞壳样品为基质进行2个浓度水平的加标回收试验,得到的回收率为99.1%～101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.3%～3.2%,在苦荞壳样品中检出了5种黄酮类化合物,其质量分数为3.35～5.19mg·kg~(-1)。     

应用电喷雾质谱技术分析鉴定桑叶中黄酮类化合物

通过电喷雾多级串联质谱技术分析、鉴定了桑叶提取物中的槲皮素、山奈酚-7-葡萄糖苷、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-(6″-O-乙酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷和芦丁6种黄酮类化合物.根据一些特征的中性碎片丢失,提出了该类化合物的质谱裂解规律.通过得到的相对分子质量和中性碎片信息并与文献中的已知化合物比较,建立了这一类化合物快速鉴定的质谱新方法.     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定粗茎秦艽中6个成分的含量

本实验建立了HPLC波长切换法同时测定云南丽江粗茎秦艽中马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷、异牡荆苷6种成分的含量,并对各成分含量间的相关性进行分析,为粗茎秦艽药材质量的全面评价提供了科学依据。采用Sepax Gp-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,甲醇-0.1%磷酸为流动相体系,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长235 nm(0~51 min)、270 nm(51~57 min)、243 nm(57~65 min)、270 nm(65~80 min)。马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷、异牡荆苷的量分别在0.01000~10.0000、0.00216~2.1600、0.0480~48.0000、0.0010~1.0000、0.00034~0.3400、0.00026~0.2600μg范围内与色谱峰峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为98.52%~99.31%,RSD均小于3.5%(n=6);对各成分含量间相关性分析发现环稀醚萜苷类与黄酮类组分含量间无相关性,四种环烯醚萜苷类成分的含量之间存在着显著相关性,两种黄酮类成分的含量之间也存在相关性。该方法简便、快速、准确,重现性好,更符合中药材复杂体系的多指标质量控制发展趋势,为粗茎秦艽药材的质量控制找到了简便易行的方法。     

甘松不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH、ABTS、羟自由基、超氧阴离子和还原力五种体外抗氧化测定方法对甘松95%乙醇提取物以及石油醚萃取物,乙酸乙酯萃取物,正丁醇萃取物和水萃取物等4个不同极性部位的抗氧化活性进行评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与其总多酚和总黄酮含量的相关性。研究结果表明,除水和石油醚萃取物外,甘松其他3个萃取物均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,且与总多酚和总黄酮含量呈显著相关。其中,乙酸乙酯萃取物中总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,分别为(157.22±1.89)mg·g-1和(99.43±1.23)mg·g-1,其清除DPPH、ABTS、超氧阴离子和羟自由基的IC50分别为(0.20±0.02)mg·mL-1、(0.15±0.01)mg·mL-1、(0.29±0.02)mg·mL-1和(0.35±0.02)mg·mL-1。甘松的乙酸乙酯萃取物具有显著的抗氧化活性,可以成为天然抗氧化活性化合物的良好来源。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定普通鹿蹄草中的黄酮苷类成分

建立了普通鹿蹄草中5种黄酮苷(金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、2″-O-没食子酰基金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷和槲皮苷)的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用Zorbax Extend-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-水(体积比14∶86)为流动相,在波长为350 nm处检测。在此条件下,样品中5种黄酮苷分离良好且无杂质峰干扰,低、中、高浓度下的回收率为96.3%~104.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5%。该方法简便快速、结果准确、重现性好,可以作为普通鹿蹄草药材及相关制剂质量控制的一个有效方法。     

银莱汤中主要成分的UPLC多波长宽动态测定及质量评价研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)定量测定银莱汤中10种有效成分的含量并用于其质量评价。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,3波长切换(0~10 min,320 nm;10~16 min,350 nm;16~30 min,320 nm)测定。结果表明,该方法可在30 min内实现银莱汤中10种有效成分的基线分离,10种成分在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992),检出限为0.0188~0.0750μg·mL-1,定量下限为0.0625~0.250μg·mL-1。检测得到银莱汤中10种成分的平均含量为0.204~38.129 mg·g-1,其中黄芩苷的含量最高,槲皮苷的含量最低。将该方法用于3批样品分析,所测成分含量稳定、一致性好。该文建立的分析指标相对全面、合理可行,能更好地表征及评价银莱汤质量。     

大孔树脂-高速逆流色谱分离纯化薇甘菊中的黄酮类化合物（英文）

该文建立了大孔树脂-高速逆流色谱分离薇甘菊中黄酮类物质的方法。分离条件为:采用大孔树脂AB-8,洗脱液为50%(v/v)乙醇水溶液,高速逆流色谱溶剂体系为正丁醇-乙酸-水(4∶1∶5,v/v)。从薇甘菊中分离到4种黄酮类物质:槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(纯度90.2%)、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(纯度98.55%)、木犀草苷(纯度98.33%)和紫云英苷(纯度99.23%)。建立的大孔树脂-高速逆流色谱方法简单、高效,可扩展应用于从其他植物中分离黄酮类物质。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。