分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定铁皮石斛中8种有机磷农药残留

建立了分散固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(d-SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)测定铁皮石斛栽培过程中可能使用的8种有机磷农药。前处理采用Qu ECh ERS方法,样品先经水浸润,用乙腈高速均质提取,经分散固相萃取净化,Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式测定,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。8种有机磷农药在测定的范围内线性关系良好(R0.997),在10,50,100μg/kg添加水平下8种农药的回收率范围为75.9%~117.8%,相对标准偏差在2.1%~12.3%(n=6)之间;检出限和定量限分别为0.15~5.47μg/kg和0.84~8.52μg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、快速、选择性好、灵敏度高,适合于铁皮石斛鲜样中多种有机磷农药的快速测定。     

白菜中有机磷农药的电纺纳米纤维固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定

以聚苯乙烯电纺纳米纤维为固相萃取介质填装固相萃取小柱,对白菜中的5种有机磷农药(杀扑磷、马拉硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱)富集净化,甲醇洗脱吸附在小柱上的农药后,用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行检测.对萃取次数、白菜样品提取液、洗脱液、pH值进行了优化,杀扑磷、马拉硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱在固相萃取小柱上的最大吸附量分别为2.9、3.5、5.6、3.7、7.8 mg/g,5种有机磷农药的平均加标回收率为68% ～97%,相对标准偏差为1.6% ～4.7%.测定喷洒5种农药后的白菜样品的萃取回收率为65% ～93%,相对标准偏差为1.6% ～4.0%,5种农药的检出限为0.02 ～0.1 mg/kg.该方法操作简单、价廉,能够用于白菜中有机磷农药的测定.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定人参种植土壤中48种农药残留

采用固相萃取方法,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)建立了同时检测人参种植土壤中48种农药残留的分析方法。研究了萃取剂、固相萃取柱、洗脱剂种类和用量对样品提取及净化效果的影响,并考察了共萃取基质和基质效应,质谱采用选择离子监测(SIM)模式,外标法定量。结果表明,48种农药在各自的线性范围内,线性关系良好(r~20.995);在3个添加水平(10、20、100μg/kg)的回收率为86.3%～128.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.5%～14.6%。48种农药的检出限为2.0～6.0μg/kg,定量限为5.0～20.0μg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、高效,测定的准确性好、灵敏度高,适用于人参种植土壤中多种类农药残留的筛选与测定。     

基质固相分散气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定葡萄酒中5种农药残留

采用基质固相分散的样品前处理方法,替代传统的液-液萃取、固相萃取,从葡萄酒中提取、净化5种农药,气相色谱电子捕获检测器分析测定,基质匹配标准校正方法补偿基质效应。添加3水平(0.01-0.10mg/L)的回收率为85.7%-104.6%;相对标准偏差为3.6%-8.5%;检出限达到0.1-0.8μg/kg。本方法可用于葡萄酒样品中农药残留的测定。     

分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取联用方法,建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。分散固相萃取方法以乙腈为萃取液,以N-丙基-乙二胺(PSA)和C18为吸附剂。对影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素(萃取溶剂种类及体积、分散剂体积等)进行优化,同时分析了实验过程中添加掩蔽试剂L-古洛糖酸γ-内酯(AP)对基质效应补偿作用的影响。在最佳实验条件下,19种有机磷在辣椒和大葱中3个添加水平(0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg)的回收率为76.9%~126.8%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~7.3%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.10~0.50μg/kg。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于蔬菜中有机磷农药的快速检测。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中有机磷农药

提出了固相微萃取样品-气相色谱法测定水中6种有机磷农药残留量的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选择65μm的聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯苯（PDMS/DVB）萃取头,萃取温度及时间为80℃和20 min,在10 mL试样中加入氯化钠1.5 g作为盐析剂。用HP-5毛细管色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测。6种有机磷农药的质量浓度均在1.0～50.0μg·L^-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限（3S/N）在0.026～0.064μg·L^-1之间。方法用于水样分析,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=6）在3.0～5.6%之间,加标回收率在86.2%～115.7%之间。     

固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定茶叶中54种农药残留量

建立了固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-GC-MS/MS)分析茶叶中54种农药残留的方法。样品用乙睛提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱方法在分时段选择反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量。当54种农药加标水平为10、50、100μg/kg时,回收率为60%～150%,方法的相对标准偏差小于16%;定量限(LOQ)均小于10μg/kg;在20～320μg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法已用于同时检测茶叶中农药多残留。     

基质校正固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用菌中22种农药残留

选择氨基柱为固相萃取净化柱,以电喷雾(ESI)为离子源,正负离子切换多级反应离子检测(MRM)方式,建立了基质校正固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定食用菌中22种农药残留的分析方法。研究了不同固相萃取柱和洗脱剂对农药保留行为的影响,优化了净化方法、色谱分离条件和质谱条件。研究了平菇、香菇、杏鲍菇和蟹味菇的基质效应。22种农药在0.05～100μg/L(或0.1～200μg/L)范围内线性相关,相关系数为0.9874～0.9997,方法定量限为0.031～1.76μg/kg。除甲基硫菌灵和克螨特外,20种农药在4种食用菌中3个添加浓度的回收率在54.6%～128.0%,RSD为0.3%～29.0%之间,方法灵敏度高,选择性强。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶叶中10种极性农药残留

建立了绿茶、乌龙茶、红茶和普洱茶中8种氨基甲酸酯和2种烟碱类农药等10种极性农药残留超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。茶叶样品经水润湿15 min后,乙腈提取,Carbon/NH2固相萃取净化,乙腈-甲苯(3:1V/V)淋洗。UPLC-MS/MS采用电喷雾电离(ESI),多反应监测模式(MRM)分析。方法在7.5,15,30μg/kg添加水平上回收率达到72.2%～92.5%,RSD≤9.2%。10种农药的基质效应因不同农药和不同种类茶叶基质存在较大差异,且均表现为基质抑制效应,因此校正工作液需采用相似茶叶空白基质配制。方法的定量限(LOQ)均达到7.5μg/kg.     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定干果果肉中56种农药残留

针对干果果肉基质含水量低、含糖量较高等特点,建立了改进的分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定干果果肉培育过程中可能使用的56种农药残留量。样品经水浸润,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈提取,改进的分散固相萃取法(PSA)净化,液相色谱-质谱/质谱法检测,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。56种农药在10~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990,在5,10和50μg/kg添加水平下56种农药回收率范围为60.4%~127.9%;相对标准偏差在1.1%~20%(n=6)之间;检出限和定量限分别为0.1~1.0μg/kg和0.3~3.1μg/kg。方法适合于干果果肉中56种农残检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.