畜禽肉及饲料中氟苯尼考残留免疫分析方法研究

针对动物源性食品及饲料中氟苯尼考的残留问题,通过抗原制备、动物免疫和细胞融合筛选,成功得到可高特异性识别氟苯尼考的单克隆抗体,并建立了氟苯尼考的间接竞争酶联免疫分析（icELISA）方法。经单因素实验优化策略,确定最佳反应条件为：包被抗原质量浓度0.05 μg/mL,抗体质量浓度为0.1 μg/mL,最佳药物、抗体和二抗稀释液均为磷酸缓冲液（PBST）,抗体稀释液吐温－20含量0.05%,竞争反应时间30 min,二抗质量浓度为0.167 μg/mL,二抗反应时间30 min。在该条件下,建立了氟苯尼考的icELISA 检测方法,其IC50为9.48 ng/mL,线性检测范围为1.75 ~ 51.36 ng/mL,检出限（LOD）达0.64 ng/mL,且与氯霉素等结构及功能类似物均无明显交叉反应,特异性良好。实际样品的加标回收率为88.1% ~ 107%,相对标准偏差（RSD）< 15%。将所建立的方法用于畜禽肉及饲料样品的检测,结果与HPLC－MS/MS判定结果一致,说明该方法适用于畜禽产品及饲料中氟苯尼考的残留检测。     

吡虫啉单克隆抗体的制备及其间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法的建立

以吡虫啉原药和3-巯基丙酸为原料,合成了吡虫啉半抗原,通过活泼酯法将其与载体蛋白钥孔血蓝蛋白（KLH）、牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联制备得到完全抗原,经免疫Balb/c雌性小鼠并与骨髓瘤细胞融合获得吡虫啉单克隆抗体,建立了用于吡虫啉检测的间接竞争化学发光酶联免疫分析方法（ic-CLEIA）。优化了方法的包被原稀释倍数、抗体稀释倍数、缓冲液种类、缓冲液的pH值、一抗竞争反应时间、酶标二抗稀释倍数等条件,最适条件为：包被原质量浓度62.50 ng/mL（稀释16 000倍）,抗体质量浓度103.12 ng/mL（稀释64 000倍）,缓冲液PBS（pH 7.4）,抗原与抗体竞争反应时间30 min,酶标二抗稀释倍数1∶7 000。结果表明,在最适条件下该方法的检出限（IC10）为0.03 ng/mL,IC50为0.57 ng/mL,线性检测范围（IC20 ~ IC80）为0.083 ~ 3.99 ng/mL。与氯噻啉的交叉反应率为2.2%,与噻虫胺、呋虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪5种吡虫啉结构类似物无明显交叉反应。对黄瓜和苹果样品的加标回收率为82.0% ~ 112%,相对标准偏差小于15%。实际样品检测结果与HPLC仪器方法相关性良好（r2 = 0.989）。结果表明,所建立的ic-CLEIA方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可用于食品中吡虫啉残留的快速检测。     

基于生物素化纳米抗体检测拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸的研究

该研究在前期已制备获得的拟除虫菊酯代谢物3-苯氧基苯甲酸（3-PBA）纳米抗体（Nb）基础上,将其进行生物素化,并利用多聚辣根过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素（polyHRP－SA）进行信号扩增,建立了基于生物素－亲和素系统高灵敏间接竞争ELISA检测3-PBA残留的分析方法。对抗原抗体工作浓度、缓冲液条件（pH值、离子浓度、吐温－20浓度）及polyHRP－SA浓度进行优化后,所建方法对3-PBA的半抑制浓度（IC50）为1.7 ng/mL,线性范围为0.37～7.4 ng/mL,检出限（LOD）为0.15 ng/mL。将该方法用于人尿样品（高温酸水解后固相萃取净化）和环境水样品（简单过滤）中3-PBA的检测,加标回收率分别为87.0%～127%和78.0%～113%,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于10%。该方法具有灵敏度高、操作简便,适用于生物与环境样本中3-PBA的快速筛查。     

基于高特异性单克隆抗体的间接竞争ELISA检测食品中胭脂红的研究

该研究设计合成了一种胭脂红半抗原,分别采用重氮化法和戊二醛法将半抗原与载体蛋白偶联制备人工抗原,通过免疫Bal b/c小鼠及杂交瘤技术成功筛选制备了胭脂红高特异性单克隆抗体,与苋菜红、柠檬黄等结构类似物无交叉反应。基于该抗体建立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法用于检测食品中胭脂红残留。该方法对胭脂红的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)和检出限(IC₁₀)分别为10.1 ng/mL和0.98 ng/mL,线性范围为2~50 ng/mL。将该方法应用于山楂条和雪碧中胭脂红的快速检测,样品加标回收率分别为93.0%~113%和93.0%~100%,相对标准偏差分别为9.7%~12%和3.2%~3.9%。结果与HPLC-UV方法一致,表明该方法可用于食品中痕量胭脂红的快速筛查。     

基于溴化银－银－碳纳米管复合物与核酸适配体的阴极光电化学传感器检测赭曲霉素A

该研究利用水热法制备了一种新的溴化银－银－碳纳米管（AgBr－Ag－CNTs）复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射和X-射线光电子能谱对其进行表征。以AgBr－Ag－CNTs作为光电阴极,相比于单一的AgBr和二元的AgBr－Ag复合材料,其具有更高的光电化学活性。采用K3［Fe（CN）6］作为光电子受体能进一步提高光电流信号。基于AgBr－Ag－CNTs为光电阴极传感基底,构建了一种灵敏检测赭曲霉素A （OTA）的核酸适配体传感器。对目标物的线性浓度范围为4.0 pg/mL ~ 2.5 ng/mL,相关系数（r2）为0.994,检出限为1.5 pg/mL。该传感器制备简单、成本低、灵敏度高、抗干扰强,对样品检测的回收率为92.0% ~ 108%,可用于实际样品中OTA的分析。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定稻渔水体中氟虫腈及其代谢物

利用固相萃取（SPE）/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）建立了稻渔水体中氟虫腈及其代谢物（氟甲腈、氟虫腈砜和氟虫腈亚砜）的分析方法。根据目标物的化学性质及稻渔水样的基质情况,筛选出适用于稻渔水样预处理的滤膜及稻渔水体中目标物的萃取方法,并对固相萃取条件、氮吹温度等参数进行优化。稻渔水样经玻璃纤维滤纸过滤后,由Supelco ENVI－18固相萃取柱富集、净化,采用SB－C18柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 μm）进行分离,在电喷雾电离源负离子模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果显示：目标物在0.5 ~ 100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）大于0.998,检出限为0.5 ng/L,定量下限为1.5 ng/L;在2、5、50 ng/L加标水平下的回收率为81.6% ~ 105%,相对标准偏差为3.5% ~ 7.0%。该方法操作简便、灵敏、高效、性价比高,可用于稻渔水体中氟虫腈及其代谢物的同时测定。     

人工雌激素己烯雌酚酶联免疫分析方法的建立

本实验旨在初步建立人工合成雌激素己烯雌酚（DES）的酶联免疫吸附分析（icELISA）方法。实验首先合成了己烯雌酚的两种半抗原正丁酸己烯雌酚单醚（DES-CP）、乙酸己烯雌酚单醚（DES-CME）。DES-CP与牛血清蛋白（BSA）偶联作为免疫原免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠并进一步制备了DES单克隆抗体，表征了单克隆抗体的亲和力和特异性。在ELISA优化的条件下，方法的抑制中浓度为 IC₅₀＝9.8 ng/mL，检测限 IC₂₀＝2.3 ng/mL，工作浓度范围为 2-42 ng/mL. 抗体与己烷雌酚、双烯雌酚的交叉反应分别为 44%, 27%，与天然雌激素雌二醇的交叉反应小于0.1%. 评估了分析缓冲液中盐离子浓度、pH、有机溶剂含量等因素对分析方法的影响。本分析方法应用于水样的添加实验，回收率符合分析精度要求。HPLC法对实验结果进行了确证，证明了ELISA应用于水样分析的可靠性。     

超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定血液和肝脏中12种拟除虫菊酯类农药

建立了超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC－QE－Orbitrap HRMS）测定血液和肝脏中12种拟除虫菊酯类农药的分析方法。血液和肝脏样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,采用Hypersil GOLD VANQUISH色谱柱（1.9 μm,2.1 mm × 100 mm）,以5 mmol/L 乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）和甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,采用全扫描及自动触发二级质谱（Full MS/dd－MS2）进行检测。结果显示：12种拟除虫菊酯类农药在各自线性范围内线性良好（r2 ≥ 0.990 4）,血液和肝脏中的检出限分别为1 ~ 18 ng/mL和1 ~ 18 ng/g,定量下限分别为2 ~ 20 ng/mL和2 ~ 20 ng/g,基质效应为82.3% ~ 117%,回收率为74.1% ~ 120%,日内精密度（Intra-RSD）≤ 11%,日间精密度（Inter-RSD）≤ 12%。该方法满足公安机关办理实际案件要求,适用于血液和肝脏样本中拟除虫菊酯类农药的检验鉴定。     

可视化蛋白芯片检测牛奶中庆大霉素的方法研究

本文采用间接竞争免疫法,研究了可视化蛋白芯片快速检测牛奶中庆大霉素的方法。在固定有庆大霉素人工抗原的醛基修饰芯片的反应区内,加入庆大霉素单克隆抗体和游离的庆大霉素或牛奶样品混合物,待抗原抗体反应完全后依次加入纳米银标记的二抗(羊抗鼠)及银增强显色剂进行可视化检测,结果采用可视化生物芯片检测系统进行定量分析。通过设计制备内标点及建立的内标曲线,可在同一孔内定量检测游离的庆大霉素。该法庆大霉素的线性检测范围为0.1~200ng/mL,检测限为0.1ng/mL,样品的加标回收率为95%~112%。     

超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法同时测定血液和尿液中10种2C系列苯乙胺类衍生物

该文建立了同时检测血液、尿液样本中2C－H、2C－D、2C－P、2C－T－2、2C－T－4、2C－T－7、25D－NBOMe、25C－NBOMe、25B－NBOMe和25I－NBOMe 10种2C系列苯乙胺类衍生物含量的超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）法。通过比较沉淀蛋白（PPT）、液－液萃取（LLE）和固相萃取（SPE）3种前处理方法,选用甲醇沉淀蛋白法对血液和尿液样品进行提取。通过对色谱柱和流动相的优化,选用甲醇－水（0.1%甲酸）作为流动相,ACQUITY UPLC?BEH C18（100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）色谱柱进行分离。串联质谱的离子源为电喷雾电离源（ESI+）,采用多反应监测模式（MRM）进行检测。10种目标物在0.005 ~ 50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r2）为0.995 8 ~ 0.999 9。血液和尿液中的检出限分别为0.01 ~ 2 ng/mL和0.002 ~ 5 ng/mL,3个不同加标浓度（1、5、20 ng/mL）下,血液、尿液中的基质效应为71.9%~112%,提取回收率为78.8% ~ 99.3%,日内、日间相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 3）均不高于15%。该方法分离效果好,提取回收率高,基质效应低,且操作简便,检材用量少,适用于血液和尿液中2C系列苯乙胺类衍生物的快速检测。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.