核壳聚合物粒子

介绍了核壳聚合物的用途、研究手段以及合成方法，探讨了影响核壳结构形成的热力学因素、及核壳结构的形成机理。     

核壳结构的锂离子电池材料

核壳结构材料可以实现核与壳功能的复合与互补,近年来核壳结构的设计理念也被引入到锂离子电池材料中。本文综述了纳米/亚微米核壳结构锂离子电池材料的制备方法、电化学性能和结构稳定性等方面的最新研究进展,评述了该类材料存在的问题并展望了其发展前景。商业化的锂离子电池材料还不能满足高能量密度和安全性等多方面的要求,通过合成核与壳功能互补的材料,可望提高材料的综合性能.     

核壳型PVAc/PBA乳胶粒热力学平衡状态

乙酸乙烯酯;形态;核壳型PVAc/PBA乳胶粒热力学平衡状态;核壳结构;丙烯酸丁酯;乳液聚合;     

核壳型PVAc/PBA乳胶粒热力学平衡状态

乙酸乙烯酯;形态;核壳型PVAc/PBA乳胶粒热力学平衡状态;核壳结构;丙烯酸丁酯;乳液聚合;     

SiO2／LaF3：Eu3＋核壳结构发光粒子的制备与表征

采用简单的液相法合成了SiO2/LaF3:Eu3 核壳结构发光粒子,并对其结构及发光性能进行了表征.XRD分析表明包覆层LaF3:Eu3 为立方晶相结构,红外光谱表明SiO2颗粒表面有柠檬酸的修饰,电镜照片表明合成了球形的核-壳结构的复合粒子,包覆层厚度为10～20 nm,光谱测试表明核-壳复合粒子与纯的LaF3:Eu3 具有相同的发光性能,均以589 nm附近的5D0-7F1磁偶极跃迁为最强发射峰,说明Eu3 在LaF3基质中占据的格位相同.     

核壳结构:燃料电池中实现低铂电催化剂的最佳途径

电催化剂是决定低温燃料电池性能、寿命和成本的关键材料之一,核壳结构电催化剂由于其在降低铂载量、提高催化剂活性方面表现出的良好性质,已成为燃料电池领域的研究热点。本文综述了低温燃料电池核壳结构电催化剂的最新研究进展。首先,在概述核壳结构电催化剂总体特征的基础上,详细介绍了核壳结构电催化剂的制备方法,主要包括胶体法、热分解法、置换法、电化学法等,其中胶体法是目前应用最为广泛的一种方法,具有合成过程简单易控等优点;置换法和电化学法则是在最近几年得到了迅速的发展,并有望用于核壳结构电催化剂的批量化生产。然后,分别从二元及其他多元催化剂组成方面阐述了核壳型电催化剂体系的研究进展,核壳结构电催化剂不仅可有效提高贵金属铂的质量比活性,同时,其他金属元素与铂之间存在的相互作用可对电催化剂的活性及稳定性产生十分重要的调变作用。最后,我们对低温燃料电池核壳结构电催化剂的发展趋势作了展望。     

采用解离的氢原子作为还原剂制备高氧还原电催化性能的Pd核@Pt壳纳米结构

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)作为一种清洁、高效的能源转化装置,已经备受学术界与产业界的关注.然而,高活性、高稳定性与低成本的铂基阴极氧还原(ORR)电催化剂的缺乏,严重限制PEMFC的大规模商业化应用.为提高贵金属铂的电催化性能,核壳纳米结构的研究受到广范关注.然而,核壳纳米结构的制备过程通常需要采用有机前驱体、表面活性剂与较高的反应温度,导致大多核壳结构制备方法的大规模应用受到限制.我们在室温下无表面活性剂与高沸点溶剂的参与下,通过钯表面吸附的解离的氢原子来还原K2PtCl4,得到Pd核@Pt壳纳米结构.通过改变加入K2PtCl4的量,可以成功控制壳的厚度;通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察得知,我们制备了铂壳厚度分别为0.45,0.75,0.9 nm的核壳结构.Pd核@Pt壳纳米结构的良好的纳米晶体结构与外延生长模式,通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)与能量色散谱仪(EDS)得到证实.同时,所制备Pd核@Pt壳样品的核壳结构通过高角环形暗场-扫描透射-元素分布(HAADF-STEM-EDX)表征方法,得到证实.X射线粉末衍射(XRD)表征证实,样品Pd核@Pt壳并无单独的Pd或Pt衍射峰出现,而是表现出良好的同种晶相结构;相对于单质Pt,样品中Pd核的存在导致Pd核@Pt壳核壳结构表现出一定程度的晶格紧缩.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明,钯核的存在导致铂壳的电子结合能增大,并且当铂壳厚度增大到一定程度后,核壳结构引起的电子效应维持不变.通过XPS分峰拟合可知,Pd核@Pt壳结构中零价态的铂含量均在80%以上,并且零价态的铂含量随着铂壳层厚度的增大而增大.采用电感耦合等离子体(ICP)与XPS,发现铂的表面富集现象,并且铂表面富集现象随着铂壳层厚度的增大而增大.在半电池中,经过循环伏安扫描活化,Pd核@Pt壳表现出明显的铂的氢吸附与脱附特征峰,再次证明了铂壳层的成功包覆.Pd核@Pt壳纳米颗粒表现出优于Pt/C(JM)的面积比活性、质量比活性及电化学稳定性.核壳结构的良好的ORR电催化性能,来源于催化剂表面含氧物种吸附强度的减弱;上述现象归因于钯核与铂壳之间的电子效应与晶格应力效应.此处简易、清洁的核壳结构制备方法也可以用来在温和条件下制备Ni核@Pt壳等核壳结构.     

核／壳结构增韧剂对环氧树脂的抗冲改性

核／壳结构增韧剂对环氧树脂的抗冲改性张明耀，张会轩，杨海东，冯之榴（吉林工学院化学工程系长春１３００１２）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春）关键词核／壳结构，增韧剂，环氧树脂，共混核／壳结构增韧剂是用分步乳液聚合技术制造的一种复合乳胶粒子，其核为橡...     

核壳结构纳米粒子

纳米粒子由于具有大量的潜在应用,近年来已引起人们极大的关注。通过表面改性(如制备核壳结构的纳米粒子)可以使其获得更多特殊的性质。本文就最近几年制备壳核结构纳米粒子的方法进行了总结,根据其核、壳的不同材料进行了分类,并对其中某些方法进行了比较。     

可控核/壳结构聚合物电纺纤维的制备与应用

核/壳结构纳米纤维是一种兼具核层与壳层优异性能的功能化复合纤维, 通常具有优于核层和壳层自身的性能, 如可控的机械强度和较好的热传导系数等。其特殊的结构极大地提高了纤维的使用价值, 拓宽了纤维的应用领域, 因此, 核/壳结构纳米纤维成为纤维领域的研究热点之一。静电纺丝技术因其简单有效的特点, 近些年来在众多纳米纤维制备技术中一直备受关注, 制备结构和形貌可控的核/壳结构纤维的方法对于指导其在实际中的应用尤为重要。本文系统介绍了以静电纺丝技术制备核/壳结构纳米纤维的方法, 主要包括单喷头相分离法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法以及模板法, 重点讨论了影响核/壳结构的主要因素以及核/壳结构对纤维性能的影响。综述了近几年来国内外关于可控核/壳结构电纺纤维制备的研究新进展及其在药物缓释体系、组织工程支架、多功能敷料、污水处理材料、疏水性材料等领域的潜在应用价值。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.