表面硅烷化铜箔的电化学腐蚀与防护研究

用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-APS)溶液对铜箔表面硅烷化处理,采用动电位极化和电化学交流阻抗研究不同pH的γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶液自组装铜箔电极在0.1 mol.L^-1NaCl溶液的腐蚀防护效果,采用扫描电子显微镜观察γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷自组装膜的表面形貌.结果表明,γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷自组装铜箔有较好的腐蚀防护效果,其中pH=7的γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶液自组装膜的抗腐蚀效果最佳.     

有机硅聚合物负载膦铂,膦铑络合物的合成及催化硅氢化性能

从p-氯烯丙苯出发,通过相继地与三甲氧基硅烷进行硅氢加成、二苯膦钾膦化、气相法二氧化硅固载化,再与氯亚铂酸钾或三氯化铑反应,合成了聚γ-(p-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铂、铑络合物。两者对烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应具有良好的催化活性。     

聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷——铂络合物对烯烃硅氢化反应的催化特征

本文报道二氧化硅负载的三苯膦铂络合物——聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铂络合物对三甲氧基硅烷与不饱和化合物进行硅氢加成反应的催化特性.在底物用量的万分之一摩尔量的铂络合物存在下,1-己烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、苯基烯丙醚和ω-氯代十一碳烯在60或40℃平稳地与三甲氧基硅烷发生硅氢加成反应,唯一地得到末端加成产物,产率均在85％以上.其催化活性在反应初期低于四(三苯膦)合铂,但后期反应速度和硅氢化产率均较高.实验表明,聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷与四(三苯膦)合铂反应制得的铂络合物(1)比与氯铂酸反应制得的铂络合物(Ⅱ)催化活性高.其次,反应气氛对硅氢加成反应具有决定性的影响.在空气气氛中,硅氢化反应平稳地进行;在氮气气氛中,不发生反应.     

一种简单组装纳米沸石粒子层的方法及其二次法成膜研究

使用一种简单、新颖的纳米沸石晶体自组装方法, 以γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AP-TMS)为偶联剂, 成功地实现了纳米A型沸石粒子在多孔不锈钢、陶瓷以及单晶硅表面的沉积组装, 获得了覆盖度高的续、均匀的沸石粒子层. 组装过程在合成釜内分为载体功能化和晶种化两步. 以该沸石粒子层为晶种二次法成膜, 形成了交织生长的连续、均匀的沸石膜, 并用含少量水的苯甲醛混合液评价了微型膜的渗透蒸发性能, 水-苯甲醛分离系数超过10 000以上. 考察了使用γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AP-TMS)、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CP-TMS)和γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(SP-TMS)三种不同偶联剂时, 纳米A型沸石晶体在多孔不锈钢、陶瓷以及单晶硅表面的自组装效果. 研究发现, 使用CP-TMS作为偶联剂时, 只在不锈钢载体上形成较为连续的粒子层, 而使用SP-TMS作为偶联剂时, 在三种载体上纳米A型沸石粒子均不能沉积形成粒子层. 对偶联剂的作用和粒子组装机制进行了讨论和预测.     

金在氨基硅烷修饰SBA-15上的巴豆醛选择加氢性能

采用三种氨基硅烷试剂(APTS: 3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷, TPED: N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷, TPDT: 3-[2-(2-氨基乙基氨基)乙基氨基]丙基-三甲氧基硅烷)对介孔SBA-15分子筛进行后嫁接表面功能化(分别记为APTS-SBA-15, TPED-SBA-15和TPDT-SBA-15), 然后利用氨基与氯金酸之间的静电作用及化学还原法, 将金纳米粒子引入分子筛的介孔孔道. 采用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的结构和电子性质进行了系统表征; 以巴豆醛液相加氢制巴豆醇反应比较了氨基硅烷的种类对催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 氨基硅烷的给电子能力是决定金催化剂上C＝O键加氢选择性的主要因素, 氨基硅烷的给电子能力越强, 金活性位上的电子密度越高, 则巴豆醇的选择性和收率就越高.     

铜电极表面硅烷膜的自组装及其性能研究

应用自组装技术在铜电极表面上制备3巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷自组装膜.红外光谱研究该自组装膜结构,电化学方法考察3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷膜在5%NaCl溶液中对铜电极的缓蚀性能.结果表明,于不同浓度的3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷乙醇溶液中自组装的硅烷膜表现出较好的抗腐蚀性.     

应用高分子铂络合物催化合成硅烷偶联剂

以二氧化硅为载体的侧链上含有配位基团和-COOH的聚硅氧烷(1-5)分别与氯铂酸反应制备了五种聚硅氧烷-铂络合物(“St-Pt-l”—“St-Pt-5”).这些高分子铂络合物,用于催化环氧丙基烯丙基醚与三甲及基氢硅烷反应具有很高的催化活性,在温和的条件下(80℃,30min),反应以72—98％的产率生成了硅烷偶联剂γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷.通过对含,配位基的高分子铂络合物“Si-Pt-1”的稳定性研究,发现它可以重复使用多次而不降低其催化活性.     

聚γ-(β-氰乙基)胺丙基硅氧烷铂配合物的合成与催化性能

γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷与丙烯腈反应，得到γ-(β-氰乙基)胺丙基三乙氧基硅烷。后者用气相法二氧化硅固载，再与氯亚铂酸钾反应，合成了聚γ-(β-氰乙基)胺丙基硅氧烷铂配合物。研究了它对不饱和烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应的催化特性。     

硅烷表面修饰引发的ZnO微米棒膜的超疏水性

采用简单的低温水热法制备出ZnO微米棒薄膜,其经辛基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷修饰后显示出超疏水性,静态接触角分别为(150±1.3)°和(155±1.5)°,滚动角依次为5°和3°。 ZnO微米棒的微结构和低表面能材料辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的表面修饰是其显示超疏水性的原因,用Cassie理论对膜的润湿性进行了分析。     

紫铜表面3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷薄膜的制备与耐蚀性能

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱分析了3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷分别在酸性和碱性的醇-水溶液中水解后以及在紫铜表面成膜后的结构特征. 利用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和盐水浸泡实验测试了硅烷膜的耐腐蚀性能. 结果表明: 3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷在酸性溶液中能够发生一定程度的水解并生成Si―OH结构, 且当该溶液在自然状态下晾干后, 其水解程度进一步增大. 在碱性溶液中该硅烷只发生少量的水解, 溶液中含有较多SiOCH₂CH₃结构, 且在溶液自然晾干后水解程度也没有明显增大. 由酸性硅烷溶液制得的薄膜中硅烷分子以Si―O―Si 键相互交联的程度比由碱性硅烷溶液制得的薄膜高. 硅烷膜降低了紫铜电极的腐蚀电流密度, 其保护效率分别为90.3%(酸性)和79.2%(碱性). 在3.5% (w) NaCl溶液中浸泡24 h后, 由酸性溶液制得的薄膜表现出更高的阻抗值, 而由碱性溶液制得的薄膜则基本失去了对基底的保护能力.     

电镀锌钛/锆基无铬化学转化膜的制备与耐蚀性能

借助优化钛/锆基化学转化工艺,在碱性无氰镀锌层基体上获得了环保型的无铬转化膜,并与铬酸盐彩色钝化膜作对比.中性盐雾试验、动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明:钛/锆基化学转化膜出现白锈时间为96 h,达到铬酸盐彩色钝化膜标准,且呈现出较低的腐蚀电流和较高的极化电阻,但钝化特性不如铬酸盐彩色钝化膜明显.     

甲基三乙氧基硅烷修饰的Ti3+/SiO2复合薄膜的发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法, 以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为先驱物, 盐酸为催化剂, 用二步水解法制备了Ti3+/SiO2薄膜和甲基三乙氧基硅烷修饰的Ti3+/SiO2复合薄膜. 采用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、椭偏仪、荧光光谱仪等对膜层性质进行了分析. 结果表明, 掺杂Ti3+的SiO2薄膜分别在250 nm附近有一弱的激发峰, 294 nm附近有一强的激发峰, 在393 nm附近出现一强的发射峰. IR光谱发现, MTES修饰的Ti3+/SiO2复合薄膜的Si—OH的吸收峰强度比Ti3+/SiO2薄膜的略减小, Si—O—Si的吸收峰明显增强, 表明复合薄膜硅氧网络结构更规则, 有利于Ti3+的均匀分散. Ti3+/SiO2薄膜与复合薄膜的孔隙率分别为13.64%和6.66%, 表明MTES的加入使薄膜更致密. 在空气中陈放30 d后, Ti3+/SiO2薄膜已经检测不到荧光发射峰, 而MTES修饰的Ti3+/SiO2复合薄膜荧光强度只下降了18%. 在氮气中陈放30 d后, 普通薄膜与复合薄膜的荧光强度均仅下降了10%. 表明Ti3+的荧光猝灭的主要原因是由于Ti3+被氧化造成的. 溶胶中加入MTES后, 薄膜表面结构得到改善, 有效地防止了Ti3+的氧化, 荧光强度更稳定.     

Properties of Luminescent Si Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices

In this wor e preparation and properties of silica sol-gels incorporating luminescent Si nanocrystallites extracted from porous Si are described for the first time. These sol-gel/Si nanocrystallite composite materials are characterized by BET isotherm measurements, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. To stabilize the photoluminescence (PL) of Si crystallites within the silica matrix, a fatty acid (capric (C₁₀), myristic (C₁₄) or arachidic acid (C₂₀)) is added as a passivation agent during the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane. The presence of the fatty acid is crucial to the long-term stability of the Si nanocrystallite luminescence, as the Si visible light emission remains essentially unchanged for more than a month when the fatty acid is present in the mixture but degrades quickly (within days) when absent. The thermal stability of the Si luminescence within the sol-gel is also reported. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the light-emitting Si crystallites aggregate into micron-sized domains somewhat unevenly throughout the silica matrix. This distribution of Si crystallites can be improved by employing a surfactant, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS).     

Interaction of superhydrophobic materials with aqueous solutions and organic solvents

The interaction of a fluorine-containing superhydrophobic (SHP) coating on the surface of a siloxane rubber with aqueous solutions and organic solvents was studied by wettability analysis. The long-term durability of the coating against the damaging action of atmosperic precipitates saturated with salt ions, acid rains, as well as a number of organic solvents was demonstrated. The resistance of the coating to highly alkaline media is lower than to a neutral medium because of the hydrolysis of Si—O—Si bonds and amide groups. The low resistance of the fluorine-containing SHP coating to acetone is due to the swelling of the substrate and mechanical destruction of the fluoroorganic component.     

Three-dimensional etching profiles and surface speciations (via attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) of silicon nanowires in NH4F-buffered HF solutions: a double passivation model

A systematic study of the etching behavior, in terms of three-dimensional profiles, of one-dimensional (1-D) silicon nanowires (SiNWs) in NH(4)F-buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) solutions of varying concentrations and pH values and the surface speciations of the resulting etched SiNW surfaces, as characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, is reported. It was found that SiNWs are stable only in relatively narrow pH ranges of the BHF solutions. The results are rationalized in terms of a "double passivation" model. When SiNWs are etched in BHF solutions with pH values of 1-3, the surfaces are passivated with hydrogen (inner layer) giving rise to surface moieties such as Si-H(x) species (x = 1-3); at high HF concentrations, the H-terminated Si surfaces are covered with a hydrogen bonding network of HF and related molecules (oligomers, etc.), providing an outer-layer passivation. When SiNWs are etched in BHF solutions with pH values of 11-14 (by adding a strong base such as NaOH), the surfaces are oxygen-terminated with surface moieties such as Si-(O(-))(x)() species (x = 1-3); at high NH(4)F concentrations, the negatively charged Si surfaces are stabilized by NH(4)(+) ions via ionic bonding, again providing outer-layer passivation. In BHF solutions with pH values of 3-11, the surface speciation, consisting of Si-(OH)(x)(O(-))(y) (x + y = 1-3) species, is unstable and etched away rapidly. The surface speciations of SiNWs etched in various BHF solutions were explored via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that, while etching SiNWs with HF-rich BHF solutions with pH < 4 gave rise to Si-H(x)() surface species, no surface Si-H(x) species were observed with SiNWs etched in BHF solutions with pH >/= 4 (HF/NH(4)F /= 4 on the other. These two factors, among others, contribute to the rapid hydrolysis of the surface Si-H(x)() species (and the etching of the SiNWs), particularly in BHF solutions with low HF/NH(4)F ratios and high pH values (pH >/= 4).     

硅纳米粒子聚苯胺包覆改性及其嵌/脱锂电化学性能

利用直流电弧等离子体蒸发法合成硅纳米粒子(SiNPs),粒径为20~30 nm。采用对氨基苯甲酸(ABA)处理SiNPs,并在ABA-SiNPs表面进行苯胺(ANi)原位化学氧化聚合,形成核/壳型聚苯胺包覆硅纳米复合粒子(PANi-SiNPs)。FTIR、DSC、XRD、TEM等分析结果表明,ABA与SiNPs之间形成了化学键,粒子表面引入了ANi基团,复合粒子中PANi质量含量约为62%。电化学性能测试表明,PANi包覆层的存在大幅度提高了SiNPs的循环稳定性能,在100 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度下循环100次后,电池容量保持率为92.5%,远高于未改性的SiNPs的性能。聚苯胺包覆改性SiNPs,改善其导电性能的同时,可以极大地缓冲充/放电过程中的体积变化,提高电极的循环稳定性能。     

硅纳米粒子聚苯胺包覆改性及其嵌/脱锂电化学性能

利用直流电弧等离子体蒸发法合成硅纳米粒子（Si NPs）,粒径为20~30 nm。采用对氨基苯甲酸（ABA）处理Si NPs,并在ABA-Si NPs表面进行苯胺（ANi）原位化学氧化聚合,形成核/壳型聚苯胺包覆硅纳米复合粒子（PANi-Si NPs）。FTIR、DSC、XRD、TEM等分析结果表明,ABA与Si NPs之间形成了化学键,粒子表面引入了ANi基团,复合粒子中PANi质量含量约为62%。电化学性能测试表明,PANi包覆层的存在大幅度提高了Si NPs的循环稳定性能,在100 mA·g^-1的电流密度下循环100次后,电池容量保持率为92.5%,远高于未改性的Si NPs的性能。聚苯胺包覆改性Si NPs,改善其导电性能的同时,可以极大地缓冲充/放电过程中的体积变化,提高电极的循环稳定性能。     

A hybrid organic–inorganic sol–gel coating for protecting aluminium alloy 7075-T6 against corrosion in Harrison’s solution

A two-step procedure for synthesizing a new type of hybrid coating is presented. Coatings were synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and zirconium(IV) propoxide (ZTP). Zirconium(IV) propoxide was chelated with methacrylic acid. The synthesis, which proceeded at room temperature, was optimized using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of ZTP content, ageing and Zr/Si ratio were investigated. The viscosity of the sols increased with the ratio of Zr to Si. The terminal stability of the hybrid coatings was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and their composition and morphology analyzed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Sols were deposited on the aluminium AA7075-T6 substrate by spin-coating. The corrosion properties in dilute Harrison’s solution of samples coated by hybrid coatings were determined by electrochemical polarization methods. The coatings substantially improved the corrosion resistance of the substrate, as shown by a broad range of passivity extending up to high electrode potentials. The degree of protection was dependent on the content of zirconium and the time of ageing. The strong corrosion protection was ascribed to the bonding between silicon, oxygen and zirconium (Si–O–Si, Si–O–Zr), as proved by the FTIR analysis.     

液相沉积法制备TiO2颗粒表面包覆SiO2纳米膜

研究了用液相沉积法在TiO2颗粒表面包覆SiO2纳米膜的过程.通过透射电镜(TEM)和酸溶实验分析,证实本实验在TiO2颗粒表面包覆了一层连续、致密的SiO2纳米膜.ζ-电位分析表明,颗粒表面只需少量包覆就可以显著改变颗粒表面的电动力学行为.采用 X射线荧光光谱分析仪（XRF）测定SiO2包覆量随包覆过程的变化.通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,获得Ti 2p、Si 2p及 O 1s电子结合能及其相对强度随包覆过程的变化规律,揭示硅酸分子在TiO2颗粒表面的包覆过程.分析表明,初期形成的活性硅酸分子与TiO2颗粒表面的羟基反应形成Ti－O－Si键,后期形成的硅酸分子与已键合在表面的硅酸发生缩合反应,形成连续致密的硅膜,膜层在陈化过程中继续缓慢生长.     

Coating of zinc ferrite particles with a conducting polymer, polyaniline

Particles of zinc ferrite, ZnOFe2O3, were coated with polyaniline (PANI) phosphate during the in situ polymerization of aniline in an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid. The PANI-ferrite composites were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the degree of coating with a conducting polymer. Even a low content of PANI, 1.4 wt%, resulted in the 45% coating of the particles' surface. On the other hand, even at high PANI content, the coating of ferrite surface did not exceeded 90%. This is explained by the clustering of hydrophobic aniline oligomers at the hydrophilic ferrite surface and the consequent irregular PANI coating. The conductivity increased from 2 x 10(-9) to 6.5 S cm(-1) with increasing fraction of PANI phosphate in the composite. The percolation threshold was located at 3-4 vol% of the conducting component. In the absence of any acid, a conducting product, 1.4 x 10(-2) Scm(-1), was also obtained. As the concentration of phosphoric acid increased to 3 M, the conductivity of the composites reached 1.8 S cm(-1) at 10-14 wt% of PANI. The ferrite alone can act as an oxidant for aniline; a product having a conductivity 0.11 S cm(-1) was obtained after a one-month immersion of ferrite in an acidic solution of aniline.