苹果中多菌灵、噻菌灵和甲基托布津的高效液相色谱法分析

建立了同时检测苹果中多菌灵、噻菌灵和甲基托布津残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法.样品经乙酸乙酯提取,旋转蒸发仪浓缩,氮气吹干甲醇定容后,采用配有二极管阵列检测器(DAD)的HPLC测定,外标法定量.在添加不同浓度的标准品时,多菌灵、噻菌灵和甲基托布津的添加回收率分别为87.7%～118.7%、72.8%～80.3%、64.0%～66.8%.方法对多菌灵、噻菌灵和甲基托布津3种农药的检出限较低,分别为0.134、0.230和0.250mg/L,可以满足苹果汁中多菌灵、噻菌灵和甲基托布津的残留限量检测要求.检测果皮样品中的农药残留量,多菌灵的残留量为7.24×10-2mg/kg,噻菌灵和甲基托布津未检出,低于国标中规定的残留限量标准.     

微波辅助-液液微提取环境水样中的三嗪类除草剂

采用微波辅助-液液微提取高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的三嗪类除草剂.优化了提取溶剂的种类和体积、样品溶液的pH值、盐的浓度、提取时间、微波功率、振荡时间和离心速度等实验条件.在20 mL水样中,加入200 μL 1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(提取剂),控制NaCl的含量为3%(m/V),在300 W时常压微波提取加热1 min,振荡15 min. 提取完成后,在冰水浴中冷却20 min后, 以8000 r/min离心5 min.在最佳实验条件下,5种除草剂在2.5～60 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9972～0.9991之间; 检出限为0.56～1.44 μg/L.     

微波间歇萃取-分光光度法测定三七中总皂苷

本文建立了采用微波辅助间歇提取三七样品中的总皂苷,并以分光光度法测定其含量的实验方法。分别通过单因素实验和正交实验设计,优化了萃取溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、微波功率和微波辐射时间等提取条件,确定了微波辅助萃取法提取三七中皂苷类化合物的最佳条件为:使用浓度为60%的乙醇,在液固比100∶1的条件下,以255 W的微波功率,微波间歇萃取10×20 s。在上述最优条件下进行了精密度和回收率实验,加入回收率在97.7%~101.8%之间,RSD为1.54%(n=5)。与传统的索氏提取法和超声波提取法比较,微波辅助萃取法具有操作简便,宽速,重现性好等特点,实验结果表明此方法可推广应用于各类中草药中总皂苷的含量测定。     

浓缩果汁中甲基硫菌灵、2-氨基苯并咪唑、多菌灵、噻菌灵及5-羟基噻菌灵残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了同时测定浓缩果汁中甲基硫菌灵(TM)、2-氨基苯并咪唑(2-AB)、多菌灵(MBC)、噻菌灵(TBZ)及5-羟基噻菌灵(5-OH-TBZ)的液相色谱-串联质谱法。选取7种代表性浓缩果汁进行研究,果汁样品先用乙腈提取,经PSA柱净化后,用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,四极杆串联质谱(MS/MS)采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)和多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。结果表明:在0.02～0.2 mg/L质量浓度范围内各待测物质的线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.998 5;2-氨基苯并咪唑和5-羟基噻菌灵的定量下限为2.0μg/kg,甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵和噻菌灵的定量下限均为1.0μg/kg。当2-氨基苯并咪唑和5-羟基噻菌灵的加标水平为2、4、20μg/kg,噻菌灵、多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵的加标水平为1、2、10μg/kg时,回收率为70%～110%,相对标准偏差为0.1%～10.9%;该方法能有效检测出多种浓缩果汁中此5种杀菌剂及其代谢物的残留量,且稳定性好,结果可靠。     

微波辐射-溶剂回流法提取/HPLC法测定倒提壶中天芥菜碱与毛果天芥菜碱的含量

采用单因素试验,对微波辐射-溶剂回流提取法的实验条件进行优化,得到最佳提取条件:药材颗粒度100目,微波功率60%档(总功率为700 W),微波辐射时间90 s,固液比1∶25,提取温度90℃,提取时间45 min。以天芥菜碱和毛果天芥菜碱为提取目标物,通过HPLC法测定其含量,其分析条件为:以乙腈-0.1%乙酸溶液(p H 5.6,体积比5∶95)为流动相,在220 nm处检测。毛果天芥菜碱和天芥菜碱的浓度在50~900 mg/L范围内均呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为1.50 mg/L和1.52 mg/L,加标回收率分别为95.0%~98.5%和96.5%~101%,RSD分别为1.8%和2.4%,方法简单、灵敏度高。     

微波辅助提取-高效液相色谱分析制备鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱的研究

建立了鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱的微波辅助提取-高效液相色谱(MAE-HPLC)分析方法.优化得到的最佳微波辅助提取条件为:以25%甲醇为溶剂、固液比1:10(m/V)、提取温度50℃、提取时间10 min.分析了广东、广西等7个不同产地鸡骨草中相思子碱和下箴刺桐碱含量,其中相思子碱含量范围0.03～0.84 mg/...     

微波辅助-旋转回流提取仪的组装及其在叶下珠有机酸提取中的应用

组装了一种新型的微波辅助旋转回流装置,该装置的基本原理与微波辅助溶剂萃取的原理相同,但采用了旋转的技术以加速提取.应用该装置以正交实验筛选优化叶下珠中有机酸的提取工艺,并利用毛细管电泳技术分离测定了提取液中有机酸的含量以评价提取效果.最佳提取工艺:乙醚为溶剂,微波功率800 W,提取时间4 min,溶剂用量300 mL.在该提取条件下,平行5次提取叶下珠中丁二酸、原儿茶酸、没食子酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸的平均含量分别为42.2、103.5、436.2、123.8、67.4 μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.87% ～3.7%,加标回收率为94% ～104%.将该法与常规的微波辅助提取法及回流提取法进行比较,结果表明,微波辅助旋转回流提取法提取效率明显优于其它2种方法.     

川佛手中多酚类物质的微波和超声波联合提取工艺优化

采用微波和超声波提取技术,实现了川佛手中多酚类物质的有效提取.在微波功率800 W和微波提取时间40 min的条件下,通过单因素实验条件优化,考察了超声功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、超声时间和提取料液比对提取效率的影响;通过正交试验设计,确定了最佳提取工艺条件参数,即超声功率800 W、乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度55℃、超声时间1.0 h和提取料液比1∶20 g/m L;通过验证实验,得到川佛手多酚的提取率约为20.79 mg/g.     

正交设计与响应面优化玄参黄酮提取工艺研究

以玄参总黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素实验分析的基础上,采用正交设计和响应面法对比研究不同溶剂与溶剂体积分数、微波功率、提取时间及液固比等因素对玄参总黄酮提取的影响.2种实验优化方法所得玄参总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件:固定微波功率值为500W;乙醇体积分数为60%或60.37%;提取时间为10或11.17min;液固比30∶1或31.39∶1m L/g,验证实验总黄酮提取率为1.107%~1.192%.2种优化方法所得结论基本一致,正交设计实验次数少,响应面法更精确,预测能力更强,适用范围更广.     

响应面法优化微波提取翻白草总黄酮

利用响应面法研究了翻白草总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺.在单因素试验的基础上,以乙醇体积分数、液固比、提取温度、微波时间为自变量,总黄酮的得率为响应值,研究各因素及其交互作用对黄酮得率的影响.结果表明其最佳提取条件是:乙醇体积分数55%、液固比32 m L/g、温度82℃、微波时间10 min.此条件下,翻白草中黄酮的提取率为6.96 mg/g,与理论预测值基本吻合.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.