超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留新技术

采用高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱开发了烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留量快速检测新技术.该技术包括2-氯苯甲醛为衍生剂,试剂盒方法快速样品制备,高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速测定.设计了4个添加水平(0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0 μg/kg)、8次重复的试验.结果表明,方法线性范围0～5.0 μg/kg;检测限均为0.2μg/kg;AOZ回收率89.2%～100.6%,RSD2.2%～12.6%;AMOZ回收率91.3%～107.4%,RSD 4.3%～8.7%;SEM回收率79.9%～118.0%,RSD 2.4%～12.3%和A皿回收率78.9%～105.0%,RSD3.7%～12.1%.该快速检测方法小批量(20个样品)检测周期少于5.5h.     

毛细管电泳法快速测定淀粉中可乐定

提出了毛细管电泳快速测定淀粉中可乐定含量的方法。以pH 2.2的磷酸-25 mmol.L-1磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液为电解质溶液,分离电压20 kV,于214 nm波长处进行紫外检测。在优化的试验条件下,可乐定的质量浓度在0.3~200 mg.L-1范围内与其对应的校正峰面积呈线性关系。检出限(3S/N)为0.1 mg.L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.3 mg.L-1。采用该方法对淀粉样品中可乐定含量进行测定,所得加标回收率在97.1%~98.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于2.0%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法筛查青黛中非法掺入的染色物质

建立了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定青黛中非法掺入的染色物质孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、天青A、天青B、天青C和亚甲基蓝的检测方法.样品经乙腈溶液(含5%甲酸)提取,采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)的多反应监测模式(MRM)进行定性和定量检测,其中孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿内标法定量,天青A、天青B、天青C、亚甲基蓝外标法定量.6种染色物质测定的线性范围在1～30 ng/m L之间,孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、天青A、天青B、天青C、亚甲基蓝的检出限分别为0.5、0.5、1.0、1.0、1.0、1.0 ng/g,定量限分别为1.0、1.0、2.0、2.0、2.0、2.0 ng/g,3个水平的回收率在79.7%～119.7%之间,精密度的RSD%在0.7%～1.8%之间.方法前处理简单,灵敏度高,适用青黛中非法掺入的染色物质孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿、天青A、天青B、天青C和亚甲基蓝的快速检测.     

偶氮胂Ⅲ褪色分光光度法对多糖铈复合物中铈的测定

偶氮胂Ⅲ是一种稀土显色剂,在硫酸介质中,Ce(Ⅳ)可以氧化偶氮胂Ⅲ使之褪色,且褪色程度与铈含量呈线性关系,从而建立了褪色分光光度法.实验表明:褪色体系ΔA的最大吸收波长为529nm,Ce(Ⅳ)的质量浓度在0.0~10.2mg/L范围内与有色溶液吸光度的减少值ΔA服从朗伯比尔定律,样品加标回收率为98.07%~102.26%,相对标准偏差小于1.98%(n=5).该方法简便、快速、精准,用于测定多糖铈中的铈含量,结果满意.     

微乳毛细管电泳法测定脑心通胶囊中4种有效成分

建立了一种微乳毛细管电泳法同时检测脑心通胶囊中芍药苷、阿魏酸、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA 4种有效成分的含量。使用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(60cm×75μm i.d.,有效长度50cm)为分离通道,以50mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-60mmol/LTris(含8.3%正丁醇,1.3%正己烷和15%乙腈,pH=8.8)作电解质,于230nm波长下进行检测。芍药苷、阿魏酸、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的质量浓度分别在10～300mg/L、2.5～80mg/L、10～100mg/L和5.0～80mg/L范围与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,4种物质的检出限分别为1.5mg/L、0.5mg/L、2.0mg/L和1.0mg/L。样品加标回收率在92%～105%之间,相对标准偏差均小于3.2%。方法简便、快速,已用于实际样品的分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定冷冻机油中BTPP含量

将正相高效液相色谱法用于冷冻油中抗磨剂(BTPP)含量测定研究,建立了抗磨剂(BTPP)含量的快速分离检测方法.使用氨基键合相分析柱,以二氯甲烷∶正庚烷(80∶20,V/V)二元混合溶剂为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,于262 nm波长处检测.最低检测限为0.026 1%,相关系数在0.999 9以上.BTPP加标回收率为100±3.0%(n=4),日内测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD小于2.0%(n=8),方法快速、准确、重现性好,不需要复杂的样品预处理,实用性强,对环境污染小.     

高效液相色谱法对纺织品和食品包装材料中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A的同时测定

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(DAD)/荧光检测器(FLD)串联技术同时测定纺织品和食品包装材料中壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A的方法.实验样品采用加速溶剂萃取法,以无水乙醇为提取溶剂,在10.3 MPa和120 ℃下静态循环提取2次,提取液经Supelclean Envi-Carb石墨化碳黑固相萃取柱净化,以Agilent Zorbax SB-Phenyl(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱分离后用DAD-FLD串联法进行检测.壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A的DAD检测波长为225 nm;荧光激发波长为227 nm,发射波长为315 nm.在25、50、500 μg/kg的添加水平下,纺织品样品和食品包装材料样品的平均回收率均为93% ～98%,相对标准偏差分别为2.8% ～7.0%和2.9% ～6.9%.方法准确、简便、快速,可用于纺织品和食品包装材料的实际检验工作.     

亮绿与赖诺普利的瑞利散射光谱及应用

建立了测定药物中赖诺普利的快速、准确、灵敏的瑞利光散射新方法,并对反应条件、机理、共存物质的影响及瑞利光散射光谱特征进行了探讨。在弱碱性溶液中,亮绿与赖诺普利反应生成绿色二元离子缔合物,使瑞利光散射信号显著增强并产生新的瑞利散射光谱。最大瑞利光散射峰位于370 nm,赖诺普利的质量浓度在0.0040～0.49 mg·L~(-1)范围内与缔合物的瑞利光散射增强强度(ΔI_(RLS))呈线性关系,检出限(3S_b/S)为0.0040 mg·L~(-1)。方法用于赖诺普利药片及胶囊中赖诺普利的测定,回收率为98.4%～102%,相对标准偏差RSD%(n=5)为2.0%～2.5%。     

便携式GC-MS在挥发性有机物应急监测中的应用

建立了便携式GC-MS测定空气中37种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法,采用便携式GC-MS配置的手持探头采集大气样品,然后用便携式GC-MS进行检测.该方法能快速、有效地对空气中的37种挥发性有机物进行定性和定量,具有相关性好(r>0.995)、检出限低(0.070×10-9 ～0.94×10-9 (体积分数))、精密度好(RSD小于7.7%)、准确度高(回收率为92% ～114%)的特点,适用于大气中挥发性有机污染物的应急监测.     

快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定枸杞子中四螨嗪残留量

建立快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定枸杞子中四螨嗪残留量的方法.枸杞子样品经快速溶剂萃取,硅胶层析柱净化.分析时用C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离,V(甲醇):V(水)=70:30为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长277nm,参比波长324nm.该方法的线性关系良好(r=0.9999),最低检出限为0.005 mg/kg,加标回收率在81.2%～96.9%范围内,相对标准偏差小于7.7%.该方法快速、准确、简便,能够满足检测要求.     

Effect of cross-linking and enzymatic hydrolysis composite modification on the properties of rice starches

Native rice starch lacks the versatility necessary to function adequately under rigorous industrial processing, so modified starches are needed to meet the functional properties required in food products. This work investigated the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis and cross-linking composite modification on the properties of rice starches. Rice starch was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (EPI) with different concentrations (0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% w/w, on a dry starch basis), affording cross-linked rice starches with the three different levels of cross-linking that were named R?, R?, and R?, respectively. The cross-linked rice starches were hydrolyzed by α-amylase and native, hydrolyzed, and hydrolyzed cross-linked rice starches were comparatively studied. It was found that hydrolyzed cross-linked rice starches showed a lower the degree of amylase hydrolysis compared with hydrolyzed rice starch. The higher the degree of cross-linking, the higher the capacity to resist enzyme hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed cross-linked rice starches further increased the adsorptive capacities of starches for liquids and decreased the trend of retrogradation, and it also strengthened the capacity to resist shear compared to native and hydrolyzed rice starches.     

Flocculation and coalescence of droplets in oil-in-water emulsions formed with highly hydrolysed whey proteins as influenced by starch

The effects of added unmodified amylopectin starch, modified amylopectin starch and amylose starch on the formation and properties of emulsions (4 wt.% corn oil) made with an extensively hydrolysed commercial whey protein (WPH) product under a range of conditions were examined. The rate of coalescence was calculated based on the changes in the droplet size of the emulsions during storage at 20 degrees C. The rates of creaming and coalescence in emulsions containing amylopectin starches were enhanced with increasing concentration of the starches during storage for up to 7 days. At a given starch concentration, the rate of coalescence was higher in the emulsions containing modified amylopectin starch than in those containing unmodified amylopectin starch, whereas it was lowest in the emulsions containing amylose starch. All emulsions containing unmodified and modified amylopectin starches showed flocculation of oil droplets by a depletion mechanism. However, flocculation was not observed in the emulsions containing amylose starch. The extent of flocculation was considered to correlate with the rate of coalescence of oil droplets. The different rates of coalescence could be explained on the basis of the strength of the depletion potential, which was dependent on the molecular weight and the radius of gyration of the starches. At high levels of starch addition (>1.5%), the rate of coalescence decreased gradually, apparently because of the high viscosity of the aqueous phase caused by the starch.     

A comparative study of the characteristics of cross-linked, oxidized and dual-modified rice starches

Rice starch was cross-linked with epichlorohydrin (0.3%, w/w, on a dry starch basis) and oxidized with sodium hypochlorite (2.5% w/w), respectively. Two dual-modified rice starch samples (oxidized cross-linked rice starch and cross-linked oxidized rice starch) were obtained by the oxidation of cross-linked rice starch and the cross-linking of oxidized rice starch at the same level of reagents. The physicochemical properties of native rice starch, cross-linked rice starch and oxidized rice starch were also studied parallel with those of the two dual-modified rice starch samples using rapid visco analysis (RVA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic rheometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the levels of cross-linking and oxidation used in this study did not cause any significant changes in the morphology of rice starch granules. Cross-linked oxidized starch showed lower swelling power (SP) and solubility, and higher paste clarity in comparison with native starch. Cross-linked oxidized rice starch also had the lowest tendency of retrogradation and highest ability to resistant to shear compared with native, cross-linked, oxidized and oxidized cross-linked rice starches. These results suggest that the undesirable properties in native, cross-linked and oxidized rice starch samples could be overcome through dual-modification.     

Evaluation of black tea polyphenol extract against the retrogradation of starches from various plant sources

The effects of black tea polyphenol extract (BTPE) on the retrogradation of starches from different plant sources were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). DSC analysis shows that the gelatinization temperature of maize starch and starches from different rice varieties increased with increasing BTPE level. After storage at 4 °C, BTPE at a concentration of 15% markedly retarded the retrogradation of maize starch and starches from different rice varieties. Native maize starch and starches from different rice varieties showed typical A-type X-ray diffraction patterns, while native potato starch showed a typical B-type X-ray diffraction pattern. Adding BTPE significantly affected the crystalline region and intensities of X-ray diffraction peaks of maize and rice starch granules. It is concluded that adding BTPE markedly inhibits the retrogradation of maize starch and starches from different rice varieties, but has no significant influence on the gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics of potato starch.     

Fabrication of highly porous starch monoliths and their application as green desiccants

Starch monoliths with oriented porous structures were developed from starches and glycerin as a plasticizer using unidirectional freeze‐drying technology. The morphology of the porous starch monoliths made from different starches was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the porosity, mechanical properties and moisture absorption of the porous materials were evaluated. The results show that porous starch monoliths made from oxidized starch with 15% glycerin had good mechanical strength with the best moisture absorption. Increasing the starch concentration significantly improved their strength and increased the moisture absorption rate as well. The moisture absorption of the porous monolith made from oxidized starch is comparable with commonly used desiccants. The porous starch monoliths can successfully remove water from 95% ethanol to produce absolute ethanol due to their selective absorption for water. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Brazilian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dioscoreaceas</Emphasis> starches

Determination of the characteristics of native starches is crucial in order to select their best application in various industrial fields. Thus, two different types of non-traditional native starches from the Dioscoreaceas species (Dioscorea sp. and Dioscorea piperifolia Humb. var. Wild) were studied regarding their thermal, structural and rheological properties. The results were contrasted with traditional commercial starch sources (potato, cassava and corn). From the thermogravimetric results (TG/DTG), D. piperifolia starch obtained the highest thermal stability of the samples, except for potato starch. Furthermore, using differential scanning calorimetry and viscoamylograph profiles (RVA), it was found that the Dioscoreaceas starches presented a higher onset (T _o) temperature and susceptibility to retrogradation. They also showed lower values in relation to relative crystallinity, which was calculated from their X-ray patterns and tendency to white (L*) colour. The shapes of the Discoreaceas starch granules were determined using electron microscopy; it was found that as the potato starch the Dioscoreaceas starches showed a wide range of particle size.     

Barrier and mechanical properties of modified starches

The study addressed starch-based coatings on paper and fabrics. Coated materials and free starch films containing different amounts of a well-established plasticizer (glycerol) or potential plasticizer (mainly polyols) were tested with respect to water vapour permeance (WVPe), water vapour permeability (WVP), glass transition temperature (T_g), and mechanical strength (tensile tests). Both normal and high- amylose potato starch were used. These starches were modified by (a) oxidation, (b) oxidation and hydroxypropylation or (c) oxidation and hydrophobically modified by reaction with octenyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid anhydride. Free films of hydroxypropylated high-amylose potato starch showed a lower WVP than did the corresponding starches based on regular potato starch. The WVP of the hydrophobically modified regular potato starches was substantially higher than that of films of the corresponding hydroxypropylated starches. The expected hydrophobic effect of the succinic acid anhydrides in terms of a reduced WVP could not be observed. When glycerol was used as a plasticizer, about 30 parts (by wt.) per hundred parts of starch were needed in order to reduce the T_g and to cause observable changes in the mechanical properties of the free films.     

Hydrophobic modification of starch via grafting with an oxazoline-derivative

The application of starch in tailored materials is limited because of the high hydrophilicity of the polysaccharide. Thus, simple and efficient paths for the hydrophobic modification of native, cationic or thermoplastic starches by means of a radical grafting process using bifunctional fatty acid oxazoline derivatives were investigated. The modified starches can be manufactured by means of an extrusion process showing high grafting yields at adjustable grafting contents from 2.5 to 30%. Resulting starch materials are distinguished by modified water absorption properties and solubility, which is a prerequisite for their application in the paper or painting industry. Moreover the structure of the oxazoline derivative supplies the opportunity for reactive blending of different polymers carrying carboxyl, amino, mercapto or epoxy groups. This is exemplarily shown for the conversion with biodegradable polyesters, which contain carboxylic acid functions. Film forming properties of the new starch-based materials were studied. Results of the examination of manufactured shouldered test bars of starches coupled with biodegradable polyesters are presented as well.     

Hydrolysis of Native and Heat-Treated Starches at Sub-Gelatinization Temperature Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme

The effect of heat treatment below the gelatinization temperature on the susceptibility of corn, mung bean, sago, and potato starches towards granular starch hydrolysis (35°C) was investigated. Starches were hydrolyzed in granular state and after heat treatment (50°C for 30 min) by using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme for 24 h. Hydrolyzed heat-treated starches showed a significant increase in the percentage of dextrose equivalent compared to native starches, respectively, with corn 53% to 56%, mung bean 36% to 47%, sago 15% to 26%, and potato 12% to 15%. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the presence of more porous granules and surface erosion in heat-treated starch compared to native starch. X-ray analysis showed no changes but with sharper peaks for all the starches, suggested that hydrolysis occurred on the amorphous region. The amylose content and swelling power of heat-treated starches was markedly altered after hydrolysis. Evidently, this enzyme was able to hydrolyze granular starches and heat treatment before hydrolysis significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis.     

Preparation of LDPE-acetylated/butyrylated starch blend blow films and characterization

Development of modified plastics has been studied through the LDPE-acylated starch blend films to examine the effect of different acyl groups and degrees of substitution(DS) on properties of films.Corn starch was modified with acetyl and butyryl groups and films were prepared by blending acylated starch with low density polyethylene(LDPE).Systematic studies were done to observe the effect of acyl groups,DS and starch concentration on the properties and biodegradability of the blend films.It was observed that blend films containing 5% acetylated and butyrylated starches of high DS(2.5,1.7) maintained 75% and 83% of tensile strength of LDPE films.Thermal analysis results indicated that acetylated and butyrylated starch blend films decomposed at 370 °C and 389 °C which were higher than the decomposition temperature of native starch film(349 °C).Scanning electron micrographs of blend films containing high DS acylated starch showed well dispersed starch particles due to improvement in dispersion between starch and LDPE.Water absorption capacity of high DS acetylated and butyrylated starch blend films(4.18% and 3.76%,respectively) was lower than that of native starch films(5%).This study has an advantage because of blown films prepared can be integrated with the present manufacturing systems without any other requirement.