超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源性食品和尿液中4种β-受体激动剂残留

建立了动物源性食品和尿液中4种β-受体激动剂克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品均质后,加入乙酸铵水溶液,采用β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解处理,过滤后,用OasisMCX固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。4种β-受体激动剂的检出限均为0.1μg/kg,定量下限为0.5μg/kg;在0.5、0.75和1.0μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平,总体平均回收率为86.7%~114.3%,总体相对标准偏差均在10%以内。本方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,各项技术指标均满足国内外相关法规要求,可用于各种动物源性食品及尿液中4种β-受体激动剂残留的快速检测。     

动物源性食品中吡喹酮残留量的LC-MS/MS测定

应用固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)技术建立了动物源性食品中吡喹酮药物残留的检测方法。用乙酸乙酯提取样品中的吡喹酮残留,提取液经碱性氧化铝小柱净化,LC-MS/MS测定,在10~40μg/kg范围内添加回收率为91%~111%,定量下限(LOQ)为10μg/kg。本文还讨论了吡喹酮残留物的提取条件、流动相对吡喹酮ESI离子化的影响,并借助准MS/MS/MS技术探讨了吡喹酮主要质谱碎片的产生机理。     

GC-MS/NCI稳定同位素稀释技术检测动物源性食品中氯霉素的残留量

建立了一种用于各种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱(GC-MS/NCI)检测方法。以氘代氯霉素(D5-CAP)为内标物,用乙酸乙酯对各类样品中的氯霉素进行提取,用正己烷和40 g/L NaCl溶液液液分配除脂肪,基质复杂的样品再用Oasi HLB固相萃取柱净化,经硅烷化衍生后由GC-MS/NCI在选择离子监测模式下进行测定。多数样品在0.2,0.5,1.0μg/kg3个添加水平下氯霉素的回收率处于87.8%和107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于8.5%。方法在2.0~80.0μg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,基质复杂样品中氯霉素残留的检出限达到0.1μg/kg,基质简单样品的检测限可达0.05μg/kg。方法适合各种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的确证分析。     

高效液相色谱–串联质谱内标法测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物

建立高效液相色谱–串联质谱法(HPLC–MS/MS)测定动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其5种代谢产物(α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、玉米赤霉酮)残留量。在样品中加入4种同位素内标(13C18–玉米赤霉烯酮,D7–α-玉米赤霉烯醇,D7–β-玉米赤霉烯醇,D5–α-玉米赤霉醇)后,经β-葡萄糖苷酶/硫酸酯酶酶解,用叔丁基甲基醚萃取,取上清液氮吹至近干后用三氯甲烷复溶,再用氢氧化钠溶液反向萃取,以HLB固相萃取柱净化后,用HPLC–MS/MS检测。结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996,方法的检出限为0.04~0.13μg/kg,定量限为0.11~0.43μg/kg。在1.0、4.0、10.0μg/kg三种加标浓度水平下,回收率为77.7%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%~9.8%(n=6)。该方法准确、可靠,灵敏度高,适用于动物源性食品中玉米赤霉烯酮及其代谢产物的定量分析。     

在线净化液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品中金刚烷胺的残留

建立了在线净化液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源食品中金刚烷胺的残留。样品用甲醇-1%三氯乙酸或乙腈提取,提取液用阳离子交换在线净化柱(Cyclone MCX)净化,5%氨水-甲醇溶液将分析物洗脱转入至Capcell Pak MG C18分析柱,经色谱分离后,用串联质谱检测。方法的定量限(LOQ)牛奶为0.25μg/kg,动物组织和鸡蛋为0.5μg/kg,在0.1～20μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性,线性相关系数大于0.9995。方法在3个水平的添加回收率为83.3%～93.6%,相对标准偏差在3.5%～5.9%之间。方法简单快速,回收率高,重现性好,适用于动物源食品中金刚烷胺残留的定量及确证分析。     

超滤管净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了超滤管净化技术结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定动物源食品中10种喹诺酮类药物残留的新方法。样品经酸化乙腈提取后,采用50 m L Millipore超滤管(截留分子量3 k D)净化,离心液氮吹复溶后,经Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,10种喹诺酮类药物在5.0~100μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.15~0.75μg/kg,定量下限为0.49~2.59μg/kg,在5.0,10,50μg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率为71.4%~85.9%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.9%~10.7%。方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于动物源食品中10种喹诺酮类药物残留的快速确证和定量分析。     

加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-质谱/质谱法分析动物组织中的壬基酚、辛基酚和双酚A

建立了测定内分泌干扰物质烷基酚、双酚A的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(负离子模式)分析方法,优化了样品前处理方法。以二氯甲烷作提取溶剂,采用加速溶剂萃取法萃取动物组织样品,萃取液用500 mg OASIS氨基固相萃取柱进行浓缩净化。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化效率进行了考察,测得3种化合物在高、中、低3个添加水平的回收率为88%~101%,相对标准偏差小于15%;双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法检出限分别为0.3, 0.05和0.1 μg/kg。对从北京市场上采集的27份动物组织样品进行检测,结果表明壬基酚广泛存在于各种动物源性食品中,检出含量为0.49~55.98 μg/kg,其中鱼肉组织中都检出壬基酚,而且其含量也较高(9.13~55.98 μg/kg)。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中9种新烟碱类杀虫剂残留

建立了蜂蜜中吡呀酮、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、呋虫胺和氯噻啉9种新烟碱类杀虫剂的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品以水提取,采用N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和酸性Al2O3净化,用Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18柱(100×3.0mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式(ESI+)、多重反应监测(MRM)检测目标分析物,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:9种杀虫剂均具有良好的线性关系(r20.9969);方法检出限为0.3~0.8μg/kg;定量限为1.0~2.5μg/kg;在2.5、10、25μg/kg三个添加水平下,杂花蜜、油菜蜜、棉花蜜和葵花蜜四种基质样品中9种杀虫剂的平均回收率在81.7%~106.7%范围,相对标准偏差(RSDs)在4.2%~9.4%之间。该方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于蜂蜜中新烟碱类杀虫剂残留的快速检测和确证。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂的残留量

建立了蔬菜、水果中啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺、嘧菌胺、双炔酰菌胺和硅噻菌胺6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测方法。试样经乙腈提取、Florisil固相萃取柱净化、以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱、结合新型核壳型填料色谱柱(Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈)分离,采用电喷雾正离子扫描、多反应监测模式质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:固相萃取结合新型色谱柱分离解决了酰胺类农药分析中基质效应强的难点问题。6种杀菌剂在0.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9990;对7种蔬菜及3种水果进行0.5、5和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平的回收试验,回收率为65%~124%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为1%~18%; 6种杀菌剂的方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.10~0.17 μg/kg。该净化、分离模式显著降低了蔬菜、水果中6种新型酰胺类农药的基质效应,方法简单准确,可满足蔬菜和水果中啶酰菌胺等6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留检测的要求。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物

建立了动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物(5-氯水杨酰苯胺、4'-溴水杨酰苯胺、3',4'-二氯水杨酰苯胺、4',5-二氯水杨酰苯胺、3',4',5-三氯水杨酰苯胺、5-溴-4'-氯水杨酰苯胺、3,5-二溴水杨酰苯胺、4',5-二溴水杨酰苯胺、3,4',5-三溴水杨酰苯胺、3,3',4',5-四氯水杨酰苯胺)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈萃取,氨基固相萃取小柱(SPE)净化,T3色谱柱分离后,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,串联质谱电喷雾负模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,10种目标物在一定范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)不小于0.995 7,检出限为0.5~1.0μg/kg,定量下限为1.5~3.0μg/kg;加标水平为1.5~30.0μg/kg时,回收率为81.0%~106%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于7.5%。该方法净化效果好、定量准确、灵敏快速,适用于动物源性食品中10种水杨酰胺类化合物的检测与确证。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.