在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法快速测定绵羊尿液中3种轭合态β-受体激动剂

采用双三元高效液相色谱和液相质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)建立了测定绵羊原始尿液及酶解后尿液中β-受体激动剂(沙丁胺醇、克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺)在线SPE(Turboflow)检测的方法。分别对Turboflow柱和分析柱条件进行优化,最终确定样品上样速率4 m L/min,进样体积100μL,样品净化时间0.5 min。本方法的回收率在91.3%~112.2%之间,线性范围为0.1~100μg/L,精密度RSD<1%,日间峰面积RSD<12%,说明方法的重现性和稳定性良好。在对酶解后的尿液检测中发现,对于苯酚类β-受体激动剂(沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺),酶解后的尿液中检出化合物含量明显高于未酶解样品,对苯胺类β-受体激动剂(克伦特罗)的影响不大。本方法只需对原始尿液或酶解后的尿液进行过膜处理,样品的在线净化、富集、柱平衡和最终分析可在15 min内完成,大大缩短了日常分析所需时间。本方法操作简单,可用于养殖动物β-受体激动剂大规模筛查。     

超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂残留

建立了畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂药物残留的超高压液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用仪测定方法。样品酶解后经高氯酸溶液净化,调节p H值至碱性,乙酸乙酯提取,净化浓缩后以流动相定容,用超高压液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,内标法定量。3种β-受体激动剂在0.5~20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998。畜禽粪便中3种β-受体激动剂的加标回收率为80.3%~110.2%,相对标准偏差为3.0%~7.7%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.07μg/kg。     

UPLC–MS/MS测定动物源食品中9种β-受体激动剂

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法检测动物源食品中克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、特布他林、氯丙那林、西马特罗、菲诺特罗、妥布特罗、喷布特罗等9种β-受体激动剂的方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶酶解,用0.2mol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH 5.2)提取,阳离子固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈–0.2%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行洗脱,用Eclipse Plus C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量分析。9种β-受体激动剂的质量浓度在0.1~10.0 ng/mL范围内与定量离子丰度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.1μg/kg。平均回收率为85.0%~101.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.5%(n=6)。该方法精密度好,灵敏度高,能简便、快速、准确地测定动物源食品中的9种β-受体激动剂。     

改进的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法同时测定动物性食品中4种β_2-受体激动剂残留

建立了同时测定动物性食品中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺和特布他林4种β2-受体激动剂残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)的分析方法。样品采用质量分数为5%的三氯乙酸振荡提取,用HLB与ProElut PXC固相萃取柱串联净化,采用HPLC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量。结果表明:克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺和特布他林的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.05、0.05、0.05和0.2μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.25、0.25、0.1和0.5μg/kg。空白基质加标水平为2.5、5、10μg/kg时,4种β2-受体激动剂的平均回收率为90.3%~120.5%,相对标准偏差为1.60%~9.33%。该方法采用酸解法提取样品,较酶解法耗时短,速度快,灵敏度高,回收率、重现性好,可有效用于动物性食品中4种β2-受体激动剂残留的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量

建立一种同时测定猪肉中3种β-受体激动剂残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)确证分析方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解、乙酸铵缓冲液提取和MCX固相萃取柱净化,采用Agilent ZorbaxSB-C18(2.1mm×150mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,0.1%的甲酸水溶液、甲醇和乙腈作为流动相进行洗脱,高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾离子源电离,正离子多反应监测模式进行检测,内标法定量。3种药物在0.05～1μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.999,0.05、0.1、0.5μg/kg3个浓度水平的添加回收率在89.7%～106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为2.4%～8.6%,3种药物的定量限均为0.05μg/kg。方法适用于猪肉中β-受体激动剂残留的确证分析。     

反相液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肝中26种β2-受体激动剂类药物残留

建立了一种猪肝中26种β2-受体激动剂药物残留的反相液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经β-葡萄糖苷酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解12 h后,加入HClO4调至pH 1,去除蛋白,残渣经过0.1 mol/L HClO4再次提取后,合并提取液,调节混合提取液至pH 4,过混合阳离子(MCX)固相萃取柱净化。采用0.1%甲酸(A)和0.1%甲酸-乙腈(B)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱(ESI+)采用多离子检测模式(MRM)对β2-受体激动剂的定量离子和定性离子进行监测,本方法在15 min内完成26种目标化合物的分离分析。26种β2-受体激动剂在5、10和20μg/L添加水平的回收率为64.0%~112.7%,相对标准偏差小于15.2%,方法检出限为0.15~1.35μg/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中残留的9种β-受体激动剂

建立了动物源性食品中特布他林、西马特罗、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、氯丙那林、莱克多巴胺、克仑特罗、妥布特罗和喷布特罗等9种β-受体激动剂残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经酶解后,用高氯酸去除蛋白质等杂质,调节上清液的pH值后,分别用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚进行萃取,再用MCX固相萃取柱净化,然后用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明:9种β-受体激动剂在0.25～5 μg/kg的空白添加浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.990;特布他林等8种药物的检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 μg/kg;喷布特罗的检出限为0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。从0.5,1和2 μg/kg共3个添加浓度的检测结果可以看出,9种药物的平均回收率为87.1%～108.6%,批内、批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽毛发中8种β-受体激动剂

采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,通过优化β-受体激动剂在毛发中的提取、净化等前处理过程,建立了一种测定畜禽毛发中8种β-受体激动剂含量的方法。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解,2%甲酸-乙腈溶液提取,MCX固相萃取小柱净化,通过C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式测定。结果表明,8种β-受体激动剂在0.2～10μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.991,回收率在71.5%～114.3%之间,相对标准偏差为1.2%～13%。沙丁氨醇、特布他林、氯丙钠林、莱克多巴胺、拖布特罗和喷布特罗的检出限为0.5μg/kg,西马特罗和克伦特罗的检出限为1.0μg/kg。该方法适用于畜禽毛发中8种β-受体激动剂的定性定量分析。     

基质固相分散/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析肉肠中4种β-2-受体激动剂残留

利用同位素稀释技术,建立了肉肠中4种β2-受体激动剂克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林的基质固相分散/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(MSPD/HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经C18填料研磨,甲醇洗脱,提取物经酶解后,用MCX小柱净化,经高效液相色谱分离,在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下用电喷雾电离串联质谱测定,内标法定量。4种β2-受体激动剂在0.2～20.0μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.990;沙丁胺醇和克伦特罗的检出限为0.10μg/kg;莱克多巴胺和特布他林的检出限为0.15μg/kg;方法的回收率为80%～109%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高,样品和溶剂用量少,可满足肉肠中4种β2-受体激动剂残留的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定尿液中β2-受体激动剂及β-受体阻断剂

建立了尿液中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-受体阻断剂的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱(HPLC-IT-MS)测定方法。尿液样品采用冷冻高速离心沉淀蛋白,上清液过ExtrelutTM硅藻土柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱后,洗脱液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩并复溶待测。HPLC分离采用AtlantisT3-150 mm色谱柱,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,IT-MS采用电喷雾离子源在多反应离子监测模式下测定。定量分析选择9种经过氘代同位素标记的β2-受体激动剂为内标。各化合物的线性范围为0.005～0.16 mg/L,尿液中的检出限均能达到0.2 μg/L。空白尿液样品中不同加标水平的回收率为57.1%～127.1%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～31.1%。该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,适用于人或动物尿液中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-受体阻断剂的定性和定量分析。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.