L-α-谷氨酸在Al2O3表面的吸附和热缩合反应

 采用热重/差热(TG/DTA), X射线衍射(XRD)和漫反射红外光谱等手段对谷氨酸在Al2O3表面的吸附和热缩合反应进行了表征,并考察了谷氨酸水溶液平衡浓度和pH值对吸附行为的影响,探讨了原位条件下表面吸附的谷氨酸的缩合反应历程. TG/DTA结果表明,谷氨酸在Al2O3上的吸附分两个阶段: 当谷氨酸水溶液的平衡浓度小于0.388 mol/L时,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,谷氨酸分子在Al2O3表面的Lewis酸位上发生特定位置吸附,并与载体形成了二齿螯合物; 当平衡浓度大于0.388 mol/L时,呈多层吸附,主要形成β-谷氨酸. 溶液pH值越小,谷氨酸在Al2O3上的吸附量越大. 原位漫反射红外光谱表明, 温度约为200 ℃时谷氨酸分子首先在载体表面进行分子内脱水,形成焦谷氨酸,并与载体通过二齿螯合形成具有较高热稳定性的焦谷氨酸铝盐.     

甘氨酸在高岭土表面的吸附和热缩合反应

采用TG/DTA、FT-IR和in situ DRIFT等技术对甘氨酸在高岭土表面的吸附和热缩合反应进行了表征, 考察了甘氨酸平衡浓度和溶液pH值对吸附行为的影响, 同时探讨了原位条件下甘氨酸的缩合反应历程. 结果表明, 溶液呈弱酸性时, 甘氨酸在高岭土上的吸附量最大, 但吸附等温线不符合Langmuir模型. 在强酸性、弱酸性和碱性溶液中, 吸附态的甘氨酸分别主要以阳离子、两性离子和阴离子形式存在. 弱酸性溶液中, 甘氨酸的—NH3+基团与高岭土表面的≡S—O−(S为Si或Al)基团之间的氢键作用是吸附的主要驱动力, 而强酸性溶液中, ≡S—O−基团的质子化, 以及碱性溶液中—NH3+向—NH2的转化, 是导致吸附量下降的主要原因. In situ DRIFT结果表明, 在110−160 ℃温区, 有明显的线式二肽形成; 随着温度升高至210 ℃时, 二肽进一步脱水, 形成环化缩合产物哌嗪二酮(DKP). 没有检测到硅酯类或铝酯类中间体的特征峰, 反应可能按氢键促进下的自缩合机理进行, 高岭土的存在使缩合反应温度有明显降低.     

A型分子筛的合成及其对镉离子的吸附性能

以廉价的低品位铝矾土为原料,以偏铝酸钠为补充铝源,以碳酸钠为活化剂,采用碱熔融-水热法合成了A型分子筛,考察了水热条件对所制分子筛的影响,发现SiO2/Al2O3,Na2O/SiO2和H2O/Na2O摩尔比及反应时间是影响产物晶型的主要因素,其最佳合成工艺条件是:反应物配比为1.5Na2O:0.5Al2O3:1SiO2:128H2O,于90oC晶化12h.另外,研究了水溶液中Cd2+离子在该分子筛上的吸附行为,考察了吸附时间、Cd2+离子浓度、溶液初始pH值以及分子筛用量对吸附行为的影响.结果表明,A型分子筛对水中Cd2+离子吸附90min时达平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学速率方程;溶液初始pH=6时,Cd2+离子的去除率最高,吸附等温线可以用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来描述,最大吸附容量可达161.3mg/g,最佳吸附剂用量为1.00g/L.     

不同制备方法和反应条件对Fe_2O_3形貌和晶型转变的影响

研究了吸附相反应技术、浸渍法以及沉淀法制备Fe2O3的过程中,反应环境的变化对粒子形貌和晶型转变过程的影响。当吸附层是主要反应场所时,生成的粒子与SiO2表面以较强的化学键键合,焙烧过程中Fe2O3的晶型变化和粒子团聚被有效地抑制,焙烧后Fe2O3粒子维持稳定的γ-Fe2O3晶型和高分散的小粒子。而在乙醇体相中反应生成的粒子,仅通过物理作用与SiO2表面结合,不能有效抑制其向α-Fe2O3晶型的转变和粒子的团聚。吸附相反应制备过程中,当水量持续增加或者体系温度升高,反应环境逐渐从吸附层向乙醇体相中转变,SiO2对Fe2O3晶型转变的抑制作用减弱,从而导致样品中逐渐出现α-Fe2O3晶型。     

均苯四甲酸酐修饰壳聚糖微球对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附

用交联的壳聚糖微球(CTS)与均苯四甲酸酐在无水条件下反应,合成了均苯四甲酸酐修饰壳聚糖微球. 用FT-IR和XPS表征了产物的结构,考察了它对水溶液中Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附行为及其影响因素. 结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程. 当pH=5.0时,对Pb2+和Cd2+的最大吸附量分别为296.7和149.9 mg/g. 用二级吸附动力学模拟动力学过程有很好的线性相关性,据此确定为化学吸附过程. 以0.2 mol/L的EDTA为解吸剂,Pb2+和Cd2+的再生率分别为92.4%和85.3%.     

多羟基富勒醇水溶液自聚集行为的研究

利用四丁基氢氧化铵催化法合成了多羟基富勒醇,通过三维荧光光谱结合透射电镜和动态光散射方法,考察了富勒醇水溶液自聚集行为的机理.研究结果表明,当富勒醇溶液的浓度低于4×10-5 mol/L时,富勒醇主要以单体分子形式存在,浓度为4×10-5 ～2×10-4 mol/L时则是以两种分散状态的形式并存,而当浓度高于2×10-4 mol/L时,富勒醇则主要以聚集体的形式存在于水溶液中.     

负载型氨基酸离子液体的制备及其对二氧化碳的吸附性能

采用浸渍蒸发法将四甲基铵甘氨酸([N1111][Gly])和四甲基铵赖氨酸([N1111][Lys])两种离子液体分别负载到硅胶(SG)表面,利用EA、TGA、BET和FT-IR等技术对所得到的吸附剂进行表征,考察了离子液体种类、离子液体负载量和温度等条件对其CO_2吸附性能的影响。结果表明,离子液体成功负载到硅胶表面,所制得的负载型氨基酸离子液体对二氧化碳具有良好的吸附性能。在所考察的温度范围(303.15-323.15 K)内,温度越高,平衡吸附量越小;在负载量为10%-60%,随着负载量的增加,平衡吸附量先增加后减小。对于[N1111][Gly]/SG,当负载量为22.4%(质量分数)、吸附温度为30℃、压力为0.1 M Pa时,二氧化碳的平衡吸附量可达到41 mg/g(相对于1 mol AAILs吸附0.62 mol CO_2),而且,吸附20 min即可达到平衡吸附量的90%。吸附剂在循环使用六次之后,其结构与性能均保持良好。     

基于Au/SiO2纳米粒子的结晶紫表面增强拉曼特性研究

采用自组装-化学镀法制备了以SiO2为核,Au为壳层的核壳结构纳米粒子(Au/SiO2),以生物染色剂结晶紫为探针分子,研究了Au/SiO2的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,并考察了Cl-对SERS增强效应的影响。实验表明,Cl-对SERS有明显的增强效果,这主要是由于Cl-的加入使得Au/SiO2发生团聚,产生大量"热点",从而使SERS增强效果进一步加强。以Au/SiO2(5×1010 mL-1)为活性基底,KCl(0.01 mol/L)为额外增强剂,在水溶液中实现了对结晶紫(CV)的痕量检出,最低检测浓度可达到5×10-10mol/L。     

纳米SiO_2粒子表面静电吸附引发剂的活性研究

引发剂2,2′-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二氢氯化物(AIBA)可通过静电作用而高效稳定地吸附到在弱碱性水相中均匀稳定分散的纳米SiO2粒子表面.对这些吸附引发剂的热分解行为、在纳米SiO2粒子表面原位引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)乳液聚合的动力学和纳米SiO2粒子表面的聚合锚固情况进行了研究.发现非吸附和吸附引发剂的热分解活化能分别为148.5kJ/mol和124.5kJ/mol,70℃时半衰期分别为12.6h和5.2h,说明在相同状态下静电吸附引发剂具有比非吸附引发剂更高的活性,因而在原位乳液聚合中表现出比常规乳液聚合更短的诱导期和更高的聚合速率.更关键的是,具有较高活性的吸附引发剂高效稳定地吸附在SiO2粒子表面,可以使聚合反应总是优先发生于纳米SiO2粒子表面,从而可以更好地促进单体在纳米SiO2粒子表面的锚固,最终有效提高无机/有机相间的复合程度.     

CrOx/SiO2催化剂对C10+芳烃加氢脱烷基反应的催化性能

 采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同组成的CrOx/SiO2催化剂样品,并用XRD,FT-IR,UV-Vis,TPR和N2吸附等技术对催化剂样品进行了表征,考察了催化剂对C10+重芳烃加氢脱烷基反应的催化性能. 结果表明,CrOx/SiO2催化剂对C10+重芳烃加氢脱烷基反应的催化性能与催化剂的表面结构有关,脱烷基活性主要来自载体表面的CrOx物种. 当催化剂中n(Cr)/n(Si)=1%～2%时,CrOx在SiO2表面达到单层分散; 当n(Cr)/n(Si)=2%～20%时,表面CrOx物种含量的变化不大,催化剂的活性及选择性基本不变.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.