聚(偏氯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)-b-聚丙烯酸嵌段共聚物的胶束化行为

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)溶液聚合制备了不同组成的两亲性聚(偏氯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)-b-聚丙烯酸(PVDC-b-PAA)嵌段共聚物,采用动态光散射、表面张力仪和透射电镜等研究了PVDC-b-PAA共聚物在水溶液中的胶束化行为,结果表明采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解、水相渗析可实现PVDC-b-PAA共聚物的自组装,形成均一透明的胶束水溶液;随着亲水PAA嵌段含量的增加,PVDC-b-PAA共聚物的临界胶束浓度逐渐增大;PVDC-b-PAA共聚物自组装形成的胶束呈现典型的球状结构,胶束粒径在70.9~110.9 nm之间,粒径分布较窄;水相p H值影响PVDC-b-PAA共聚物胶束表面zeta电位及胶束的聚集行为,当水相p H值由3变为1,胶束表面由带负电荷变为带正电荷,胶束聚集程度和聚集体平均粒径显著增大,粒径分布变宽.     

KINETICS OF SUSPENDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE

The kinetics of suspended emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which water acted as the dispersed phase and the mixture of MMA and cyclohexane as the continuous phase, was investigated. It showed that the initial polymerization rate (Rp0) and steady-state polymerization rate (Rp) were proportional to the mass ratio between water and oil phase, and increased as the polymerization temperature, the potassium persulphate concentration ([I]) and the Tween20 emulsifier concentration ([S]) increased. The relationships between the polymerization rate and [I] and [S] were obtained as follows: Rp0 ∝ [I]0.73[S]0.32 and Rp ∝ [I]0.71[S]0.23. The above exponents were close to those obtained from normal MMA emulsion polymerization. It also showed that the average molecular weight of the resulting poly(methyl methacrylate) decreased as the polymerization temperature, [I] and [S] increased. Thus, MMA suspended emulsion polymerization could be considered as a combination of many miniature emulsion polymerizations proceeding in water drops and obeyed the classical kinetics of MMA emulsion polymerization.     

酚醛-重氮萘醌正性抗蚀剂溶解抑制机理

本文综述了酚醛 重氮萘醌正性抗蚀剂的溶解抑制机理,主要包括(1)分子间氢键作用机理;(2)偶联反应机理;(3)两步即静态、动态溶解抑制机理;(4)表面沉积溶解抑制机理;(5)酚醛树脂的分子溶解及相关的抑制机理.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯复合微球的合成及药物吸放性能

采用在甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）悬浮聚合过程中滴加甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯（HEMA）乳液聚合组分的悬浮-乳液耦合聚合方法,制备了大粒径聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／聚甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯（PMMA／PHEMA）复合微球。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球表面以HEMA乳液聚合物为主,且具有微孔结构。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球在水和苄醇中的平衡溶胀率大于PMMA微球。PMMA／PHEMA复合微球48h异丁苯丙酸负载百分比为35．6％,PMMA为27．6％。在磷酸盐缓冲液中释放时间达到360h,释放量占负载总量的82％;而PMMA微球的释放时间为216h,释放量仅占负载总量的60％。     

悬浮态乳液聚合

对一种新的聚合方法－－悬浮态乳液聚合的研究进展进行了综述。通过对比悬浮聚合，乳液聚合和悬浮态乳液聚合方法的异同，突出了悬浮态乳液聚合的优点。讨论了悬浮态微液聚合的机理，以及分散剂，表面活性剂，水油比等对聚合物颗粒形态的影响。     

纳米SiO_2粒子锚固偶氮引发剂及接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

对纳米SiO2 粒子锚固偶氮引发剂 ,进而引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合而制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA) 纳米SiO2 复合粒子进行了研究 .纳米SiO2 先用环氧型硅烷偶联剂处理 ,再与偶氮二氰基戊酸发生缩合反应而锚固上偶氮引发剂 ,通过差示扫描量热和元素分析证明了引发剂在纳米SiO2 表面的锚固 .通过改性纳米SiO2 存在下MMA的乳液聚合 ,制备得到了接枝率为 2 3 2 %、接枝效率为 36 1%的PMMA 纳米SiO2 复合粒子 .经乳液聚合后 ,纳米SiO2 粒子团聚程度减小 ,在水相中分散稳定 .     

有机阴离子插层LDH在有机溶剂中的分散性能

采用共沉淀法分别制备了以对苯乙烯磺酸根、10-十一烯酸根、α-丙烯基烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)硫酸根(HS-10)插层的层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH),并用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、元素分析和能谱分析测试技术表征了插层LDH的结构,用激光粒度仪和透射电子显微镜表征了在不同溶剂中LDH的分散尺寸和形貌。结果表明,HS-10插层LDH在二甲基亚砜中分散性好,并部分剥离。比较LDH插层剂和溶剂的Hansen溶度参数δ,表明插层剂疏水端的Hansen溶度参数与溶剂的溶度参数越接近,得到的LDH分散液越稳定;而二者Hansen溶度参数δ的极性分量(δp)和氢键分量(δh)越接近,LDH层板的剥离就越明显。     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel polymer electrolyte based on acrylonitrile/N-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]acrylamide copolymers

<正>Acrylonitrile/N-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]acrylamide(AN/ASPAA) copolymers were synthesized and used as a host of lithium ion conducting electrolytes.The composition,molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of AN/ASPAA copolymers were determined,and the influence of copolymer composition on the glass temperature of AN/ASPAA copolymers and the ion conductivity of electrolytes were investigated.The molecular weights of AN/ASPAA copolymers were lower than those of AN and ASPAA homopolymers due to the cross-termination reaction.The glass temperatures of AN/ASPAA copolymers increased as the molar fraction of ASPAA units in copolymers increased.The lithium ion conductivities of the polymer electrolytes increased initially as the molar fraction of ASPAA units in copolymers increased,and a maximum conductivity was achieved when the molar fraction of ASPAA in the copolymer was 16.8%.     

纳米SiO_2粒子表面静电吸附引发剂的活性研究

引发剂2,2′-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二氢氯化物(AIBA)可通过静电作用而高效稳定地吸附到在弱碱性水相中均匀稳定分散的纳米SiO2粒子表面.对这些吸附引发剂的热分解行为、在纳米SiO2粒子表面原位引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)乳液聚合的动力学和纳米SiO2粒子表面的聚合锚固情况进行了研究.发现非吸附和吸附引发剂的热分解活化能分别为148.5kJ/mol和124.5kJ/mol,70℃时半衰期分别为12.6h和5.2h,说明在相同状态下静电吸附引发剂具有比非吸附引发剂更高的活性,因而在原位乳液聚合中表现出比常规乳液聚合更短的诱导期和更高的聚合速率.更关键的是,具有较高活性的吸附引发剂高效稳定地吸附在SiO2粒子表面,可以使聚合反应总是优先发生于纳米SiO2粒子表面,从而可以更好地促进单体在纳米SiO2粒子表面的锚固,最终有效提高无机/有机相间的复合程度.     

基于氢键作用的内酯开环聚合非金属有机催化剂

脂肪族聚酯具有生物可降解、生物相容及环境友好等优良性能,其已广泛应用于包装、农用地膜、生物医用材料等领域。与缩聚反应相比,内酯开环聚合反应条件温和,无小分子产生,容易制得高分子量、窄分子量分布的聚合物。目前,脂肪族聚酯主要通过配位聚合反应制备,通常使用金属配合物作为催化剂,所得聚合物中含有少量无法除去的金属离子,这限制了其在医用材料等领域的应用。与金属催化剂相比,非金属有机催化剂具有价廉、易制备、低毒等特点,因此非金属有机催化剂催化的内酯开环聚合反应受到了研究者的广泛关注。本文根据非金属有机催化剂作用机理的不同,从氢键作用机理出发,综述近年来基于氢键作用的非金属有机催化剂在内酯开环聚合领域的研究进展。