气相色谱-质谱联用法测定日用品及食品中9种凉味剂的含量

建立了日用品及食品中薄荷脑等9种新型凉味剂含量的测定方法。样品经乙醇超声提取后,用DB-1701MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行质谱检测。在优化分析条件下,9种凉味剂分离良好,其在0.25~250μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.996,除薄荷氧基-1,2丙二醇(0.26μg/g)外,其余凉味剂的检出限均小于0.1μg/g;在3个不同加标浓度下的平均回收率为82.8%~103.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不高于3.7%。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,能较好地分离薄荷脑等9种凉味剂,具有分析时间短、抗干扰性好、定量准确等优点,可为含薄荷(清凉)口味食品的质量控制及未知凉味剂含量样品的分析提供科学数据。     

全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法分析土壤中毒杀芬同类物的残留

建立了全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC× GC-μECD)检测土壤中毒杀芬同类物的分析方法.以非极性的DB- XLB(20 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)为第一色谱柱,中等极性的BPX-50(2 m×0.1 mm×0.1 μm)为第二色谱柱,对土壤中23种高关注毒杀芬同类物进行了分离鉴定,并采用基质曲线外标法进行定量分析.本方法在1～200,μg/L浓度范围内,毒杀芬同类物的线性相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.039～0.482 μg/L,基质加标毒杀芬同类物的回收率为55％～115％,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于30％(n=5).利用本方法对毒杀芬污染的土壤样品进行了测定,获得了较好的分离效果.     

气相色谱法快速分析人唾液中7种短链脂肪酸

建立了气相色谱法(GC)同时检测人唾液中7种短链脂肪酸(Short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)含量的方法.唾液样品与乙醇溶液按体积比1∶1混合(含0.5％ (v/v)浓HCl)涡旋混合,离心后取上清液进行GC分析.采用DB-FFAP毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)进行分离;氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)进行检测,内标法定量.实验结果表明,唾液中共检测到7种SCFAs(乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸),7种SCFAs与内标物2-乙基丁酸的色谱峰峰面积比值与其浓度均呈现良好的线性关系(R2≥0.999),检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.060～0.198 μg/mL和0.180～0.594 μg/mL,平均加样回收率为94.8％～ 109.7％(RSD≤4.3％).本方法简单、快速、准确,可用于测定人的唾液中短链脂肪酸的含量.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源性食品中残留的9种β-受体激动剂

建立了动物源性食品中特布他林、西马特罗、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、氯丙那林、莱克多巴胺、克仑特罗、妥布特罗和喷布特罗等9种β-受体激动剂残留检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经酶解后,用高氯酸去除蛋白质等杂质,调节上清液的pH值后,分别用乙酸乙酯和叔丁基甲醚进行萃取,再用MCX固相萃取柱净化,然后用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明:9种β-受体激动剂在0.25～5 μg/kg的空白添加浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.990;特布他林等8种药物的检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 μg/kg;喷布特罗的检出限为0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。从0.5,1和2 μg/kg共3个添加浓度的检测结果可以看出,9种药物的平均回收率为87.1%～108.6%,批内、批间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于20%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定人体尿液中4种有机磷农药代谢物

建立了同时测定尿液中4种有机磷类农药代谢物的气相色谱/串联质谱分析方法.尿液样品以WCX固相萃取柱富集提取,乙酸乙酯-乙腈(70∶30,V/V)再萃取,浓缩干燥,甲苯溶解,N-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-N-甲基三氟乙酰胺衍生化.采用HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)程序升温分离,串联质谱多反应检测,内标法定量.通过比较尿样中代谢物在不同萃取溶剂、固相萃取柱及pH值洗脱液等条件下的回收率,优化了前处理方法.在0.2～ 200 μg/L范围内,4种代谢物峰面积与内标峰面积的比值与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2≥0.992),方法检出限为0.083 ～0.667μg/L,定量限为0.2～2.0 μg/L,平均回收率为54.1％～68.6％,相对标准偏差均小于8.5％(n=6).本方法稳定、可靠,分析时间短,不需要使用大量有机溶剂,可同时处理大批量样品,适用于人群有机磷类农药暴露情况的评估.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了凝胶色谱(GPC)净化、气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)多反应监测模式同时测定油脂食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.优化了前处理和分析条件,样品加标浓度在2 mg/kg时的回收率在80％～120％之间,相对标准偏差均小于10％,检出限为5 μg/kg,定量限为20 μg/kg,在20～1 000 μg/mL范围内,具有良好的线性关系,能够满足大量样品快速准确分析的需要.     

气相色谱-氮磷检测法测定贝类产品中残留的三唑磷

建立了气相色谱-氮磷检测器测定贝类产品中三唑磷残留量的方法。采用HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离。采用二氯甲烷提取、正己烷去脂和反萃取的方法处理样品。方法的线性范围为0.05~10 μg/L,检测限为10 μg/kg,回收率高于80%,相对标准偏差低于10%。     

固相萃取-同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中的二甲苯麝香

建立了测定化妆品中二甲苯麝香的固相萃取-同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.膏霜、水剂、散粉、香波、唇膏等不同类型的化妆品样品加入甲醇经超声提取后,样品提取液高速离心处理,浓缩上清液,以Sep-Pak Silica固相萃取柱净化,收集二氯甲烷洗脱液,DB-5 MS(30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)石英毛细管色谱柱分离后经NCI-GC-MS/MS多反应监测技术进行定性及定量分析.二甲苯麝香的方法定量限为5 μg/kg,在5～50 μg/kg范围内的3个添加水平的平均回收率为81.1%～86.9%,日内精密度均小于10%,日间精密度均小于12%.本方法准确、快速、灵敏度高,可用于化妆品的实际检验工作.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析牛乳中24种磺胺类药物残留

建立同时测定牛乳中24种磺胺类药物多残留的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱 (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析方法.样品经改良的QuEChERS技术提取和净化,采用ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm ),0.25%乙酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,超高效液相色谱分离,电喷雾离子源电离,正离子多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析.24种药物在5～100 μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.99,以5,25和50 μg/kg 3个浓度水平进行添加回收率实验,样品的平均回收率在64.2%～110 9%之间,相对标准偏差为3.2%～13.1%,方法的检出限为0.21～1.62 μg/kg.方法重现性好、灵敏度高、分析时间短、确证能力强,适用于牛乳中磺胺类药物多残留的确证检测.     

基质固相分散-气相色谱串联质谱法测定孕妇血清中22种持久性有机污染物

建立了基质固相分散技术-气相色谱串联质谱法(MSPD-GC-QQQ-MS/MS)同时测定孕妇血清中22种持久性有机污染物(艾氏剂、狄氏剂、七氯、灭蚁灵、六六六、多氯联苯和滴滴涕)的方法.血清样品与C18吸附剂混合净化,正己烷溶液洗脱,GC-QQQ-MS/MS测定.采用Agilent J&W DB-35ms (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,正电子离子源(EI+)模式电离,多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定,外标法定量.结果表明,在1.0～1000.0 ng/mL的范围内,22种持久性有机污染物的相关系数均大于0.99;在2.0和20.0 ng/mL的添加水平下,所有持久性有机污染物回收率均在75％～ 115％之间,方法定量限均≤0.15 ng/mL.在比较基质固相分散(MSPD)、液液萃取(LLE)和固相萃取(SPE)提取和净化实际加标血清样品时,MSPD方法的结果中位数更接近真实值,且离散程度最小.本方法适用于人类血清中多种持久性有机物的定性和定量分析.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.