锰缺乏与出生缺陷

锰是数十种酶的组成成分,是DNA和RNA聚合酶的激活剂,参与蛋白质、激素、维生素(B、C、K)的合成,对遗传信息的传递、生长发育、繁殖、骨的形成与分化、中枢神经系统的结构和功能起重要作用,是胚胎发育不可缺少的微量元素。动物试验证实,以低锰食喂养的受孕动物产仔小,生育力低,子代无生活力,死产率高。Erway发现突变引起的先天性运动失调的孕鼠,补锰后能生育正常仔鼠。现证明锰能阻止和预防性表现型疾病的出现,但对人类缺锰的发病率及后果了解很少。孕妇缺锰可致胎儿畸形、死胎。李启金(1996年)报道,畸形儿脐血锰明显低于正常儿(P<0·01)。母鼠缺锰可致子代运动失调,主要病理表现为黏多糖合成障碍及硫酸软骨素代谢紊乱,造成耳后缺损、发育异常。超微结构研究证实,缺锰动物的肝、肾、脾、胰脏细胞的粗内网质肿胀、破坏、高尔基体肿大、线粒体异常。而粗内网络质及高尔基体是合成黏多糖的关键部位。母畜缺锰由于细胞水平代谢异常导致死产率高。锰参与中枢神经介质的传递作用,故缺锰可致子代脑发育不良。有报道孕妇严重缺锰时可引起胎儿先天畸形、死胎或不孕、习惯性流产,这可能与缺锰引起甲状腺激素、胰岛素及蛋白质合成障碍及遗传信息传递失误有关。颜世铭锰...     

锰代谢异常的临床表现

介绍了锰的生理作用、锰缺乏和锰中毒的临床表现，并对缺锰和锰中毒的防治进行了讨论。     

微量元素与糖尿病

糖尿病造成多种微量元素异常，可有缺锌、缺铬、缺镁及缺锰．故糖尿病病人宜选用富含锌、铬、镁、锰的食物进行食疗．对减少并发症及缓解症状，控制病情是有益的，硒对糖尿病人的食疗也可能有价值．     

长寿金丹——锰

锰是人体不可缺少的微量元素。锰是丙酮酸脱羧酶的组成部分，也是许多酶系统的重要活化剂，它能促进、增强人体内许多重要的代谢反应。人体如缺锰，会导致生长发育障碍、身体矮小、瘦弱、智力下降、反应迟钝、贫血、面色苍白、无力以及共济失调、平衡障碍等中枢神经系统症状。由于锰参与人体内胆固醇的合成，而胆固醇是性激素的前体，所以缺锰可引起性激素缺乏，导致不育症。     

济南市健康孕妇必需微量元素含量的调查

应用ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对济南市１０１例健康孕妇及２５例育龄健康孕妇血清中９种元素进行了测定，结果表明，除钴外，所测不同年龄，职业，文化及胎次的孕妇，其必需微量元素营养状况良好，作者还本文孕妇缺钴的原因进行了探讨。     

生物体内含锰活性中心蛋白质结构和性质

生物体内含锰活性中心蛋白质结构和性质刘泽菊，钮谓钧，朱岩（杭州大学化学系，杭州３１００２８）锰是生物体内一种必需的微量元素。尽管锰元素在人体（７５公斤重）中的正常含量只有１０～２０ｍｇ，但人体缺锰却会表现出生长紊乱、骨胳畸变、细胞膜形成不正常以及结缔...     

112例遗尿症小儿发中六种元素的分析

收集了遗尿症患儿１１２名，测定了其发中钙，锰，铁，铜，锌，铜六种元素，并与正常同年龄同性别组对照，结果男性患儿发钙下降（Ｐ〈０．０１），发锰下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），发铜升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），综合男女患儿发样，其中男性与女性患儿的发锰，钙均下降，相一致，遗尿症中医辨证属于虚证，所属脏腑为肾。微量元素锰的缺乏与肾虚有密切关系，本结果提示缺锰可作为遗尿症的参数指标之一。     

微量元素健康之本

我国是使用微量元素历史最悠久的古国。中医中药使用石头、泥沙、贝壳和金属治病早已有之。中医用代赭石治疗贫血，用炉甘石治疗眼疾，用铜钱煮水镇惊，用贝壳治疗骨质疏松症等，都非常有效。这些矿物药和金属药的有效成分就是宏量元素和微量元素。尤其是微量元素作用非凡。我国临床上使用铁有几千年的历史，使用碘治病有上百年的历史，用锌、锰、硒、铬、铜治病也有二十多年历史了。那么，微量元素今天的状况是怎样呢？我国东北、西北、西南的广大地区缺硒．新疆伽师县缺钾．河南林县缺钼．广东珠江三角洲缺锰，     

人体怎样补锰

缺锰可以引起多种疾病 ,但体内锰含量过高也不利于健康 ,如含量过高会发生锰中毒 ,还会损害中枢神经。锰在人体组织中总量只有 1 2～ 2 0毫克 ,人体对锰需要量并非很高 ,成人每天 5毫克就足够了。锰元素主要靠从食物中摄取 ,食物以坚果 (如核仁、栗子、松子等 )及粗粮、干豆含锰最多 ,其次是蔬菜、干果 ,水产品、鱼肝、鸡肝等锰含量也较高。在每日膳食中 ,若荤素兼备 ,人体就可摄食 5毫克锰 ,能满足人体对锰的需要。一般来说 ,动物性食品的锰较植物性食品易于吸收。需注意的是 ,进食动物性食品时 ,不要同吃菠菜 ,不要多喝茶 ,因为茶叶中鞣酸…     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定茶叶和水中微量锰北大核心CSCD

锰是人体必需的微量元素,人体缺锰会引起许多疾病,如早期胚胎发育不良,成人会引起高血压、肝炎、肝癌和衰老等病状,但锰过量也会引起中毒[1],因此研究食品、保健食品中痕量锰的测定具有重要的现实意义。目前,测定锰的催化动力学光度法已有许多报道[2-6],但大多采用单一指示剂在单波长下进行测定,灵敏度不够高,利用双波长双指示剂体系测定微量组分可提高灵敏度[7],     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物的合成及表征

三茂基镧系化合物和苯并三氮唑在四氢呋喃中反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物,经元素分析、IR和MS测定,从有关数据推测了这类配合物的可能结构。