聚(丙烯酸-co-甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)梳状高分子的侧链结晶行为

以不同分子量的甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(mPEG1000MA或mPEG2000MA)为大单体,与丙烯酸(AA)、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠(SMAS)等单体通过自由基聚合反应合成了一系列具有不同分子量、不同侧链长度、不同侧链密度的聚(丙烯酸-co-甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯)梳状高分子.用乌氏黏度计测定梳状高分子的特性黏数以表征其分子量大小.采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)测量梳状高分子中甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)侧链的结晶温度和熔点.分析认为,当mPEG1000MA与AA共聚后,处于玻璃态的PAA主链对mPEG侧链的物理限制作用很大程度上影响了mPEG侧链的结晶行为.这种在受限环境中mPEG的结晶温度和结晶熔点均发生明显漂移,低于PEG在本体中的结晶.结晶温度和熔点的偏移受到主链长度、侧链疏密、侧链长度、磺酸侧基含量等诸多分子结构和组成因素的影响.研究结果表明:共聚物中侧链越稀疏,侧链结晶受限作用越明显;mPEG侧链分子量越大,其结晶受到主链的限制作用越弱;在梳状高分子主链上引入磺酸侧基官能团后,侧链的结晶的受限程度增加,并且由于非晶侧链的增多,表现出明显的侧链玻璃化转变.     

梳状P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-PEGME共聚物的合成及结构与性能

用自制的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和马来酸酐的共聚物P(MMA-co-MAh)为反应物,聚乙二醇单甲醚(PEGME)为接枝单体,合成了梳状P(MMA-co-MAh)共聚物多缩乙二醇酯(P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-MPEG).采用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)13C谱、1H谱以及H,C-COSP谱对所合成的梳状共聚物结构进行表征;热失重分析(TGA)和示差扫描量热法(DSC)对所合成的共聚物的物理性能进行了分析.FTIR及NMR结果表明,聚乙二醇单甲醚通过酯化反应接枝到P(MMA-co-MAh)共聚物上,形成以MMA/MAh共聚物为主链,聚乙二醇单甲醚为侧链的梳状共聚物,其在马来酸酐上的接枝率大约为20%;热性能分析结果表明,合成的梳状共聚物热分解温度与共聚物P(MMA-co-MAh)的分解温度相差不大,接枝后的梳状共聚物也具有高的热稳定性,起始热分解温度在325.9℃左右,且该梳状共聚物具有两个玻璃化转变温度,一个是由于侧链的玻璃化转变引起的,温度为32℃左右;一个是主链的玻璃化转变引起的,温度为120℃左右.在主链玻璃化转变温度以下,侧链是可以移动的,有利于电活性物质和离子等在聚合物基体中的扩散和迁移.     

P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-mPEG的合成及环境敏感性

采用偶合接枝法在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和马来酸酐(MAh)无规共聚物上接枝不同含量的聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG), 合成具有pH敏感和温度敏感的两亲接枝共聚物P(MMA-co-MAh)-g-mPEG, 并对其进行了红外光谱和核磁共振波谱表征. 通过紫外-可见分光光度计测量了接枝共聚物水溶液的透光率, 结果表明, 接枝聚合物的水溶液呈现低临界溶解温度(LCST), 其LCST值对环境pH值和无机盐等因素敏感, 并可通过控制亲水侧链含量来调节.     

PEG链段对聚乙二醇接枝聚苯胺结构与性能的影响

将苯胺(An)与甲氧基聚乙二醇邻氨基苯基醚氧化共聚,制备了梳状接枝共聚物PAn-g-PEG.研究了梳状接枝共聚物的UV-Vis、微观结构、热稳定性和溶解成膜性等随侧链聚乙二醇(PEG)链段的变化规律.结果表明随PAn-g-PEG中PEG链段长度和含量的提高,共聚物的溶解性和成膜性能显著提高,电子导电率缓慢降低,热稳定性变差.共聚物具有微相分离结构,其形态随PEG链段的改变分别为“海-岛相”和“双连续相”;提高PEG链段长度和含量,PAn-g-PEG能形成稳定的水溶性分散体系,并能浇注成柔韧平整的导电高分子自支撑膜.     

ATRP法制备侧链型聚醚醚酮阴离子交换膜

以二氟二苯甲酮、双酚A和邻甲基氢醌单体缩聚合成聚醚醚酮(PEEK)作为基膜材料.PEEK经修饰改性合成带有异丙基溴端基PEEK,以此为原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)大分子引发剂,通过ATRP法在PEEK主链上接枝引入聚甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯(DMAEMA)侧链,得到梳状PEEK接枝聚合物(PEEK-gDMAEMA).用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、热重分析(TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对PEEK-g-DMAEMA的结构进行表征.实验结果表明,甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯被成功地接枝在聚醚醚酮主链上,PEEK-g-DMAEMA膜具有明显的亲水疏水微相分离形貌,叔胺基团相互聚集成形成离子通道.接枝聚合反应10 h,PEEK-g-DMAEMA膜的离子交换容量为2.07 mmol·g-1,以此膜为电解槽隔膜,2 h的OH-离子透过率达0.15 mol·L-1,说明PEEK-g-DMAEMA膜具有良好的离子交换能力.     

梳状聚合物电解质的力学松弛时间

以苯乙烯 /马来酸酐共聚物为骨架 ,聚乙二醇单甲醚为侧链合成了 3种不同侧链长度的梳状高分子聚合物 ,制成了锂盐络合物薄膜 .动态力学性能研究结果表明 ,本体系是主链刚性、侧链较柔软的梳状接枝聚合物 .应用时间温度等效原理 ,选择Tα 作为参考温度 ,建立了主曲线 ,得到了移动因子图和等自由体积图 .Williams、Landel和Ferry(WLF)经验方程的两个参数C1、C2 随着盐浓度增加而增大 .若T0 =50℃作为参考温度 ,平均松弛时间lgτc 与锂盐浓度C呈线性关系 .随着侧链分子量增加 ,主曲线向高频率移动 ;平均松弛时间lgτn 与侧链分子量的关系也是线性的 ;另外随着盐的不同 ,主曲线也会产生移动 ,表明盐种类对松弛时间产生影响 .     

梳状聚合物研究进展

梳状聚合物是一类具有高接枝密度的接枝型共聚物。由于高密度接枝的侧链之间相互排斥,导致梳状聚合物主链被迫伸直,整个梳状聚合物表现出棒状构象。同时,相比于一般线形聚合物而言,梳状聚合物分子量较容易达到很高,形成几十到上百纳米尺寸的结构,因此有着广泛的应用前景。目前,人们对于梳状聚合物的研究集中于其合成、结构以及性能等领域,其中主要基于对柔性侧链、柔性主链梳状聚合物的研究。本文对于梳状聚合物的合成、刚性主链和刚性侧链梳状聚合物发展现状以及梳状聚合物的性质和应用进行了总结。     

阴离子型含氟两亲接枝共聚物的合成及其胶束化行为研究

以聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEGMA)为大分子单体,甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFMA)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaSS)为共聚单体,采用大分子单体接枝共聚法,制备了一种阴离子型含氟两亲接枝共聚物P( HFMA-co-NaSS) -g-PEG.利用FTIR、1H-NMR和19F-NMR对共聚物的分子结构进行了表征.表面张力法测...     

聚硅氧烷侧链液晶高分子的合成与表征

研究以对－烯丙氧基苯甲酸对－氰基苯酚酯为单体的聚硅氧烷侧链液晶高分子的合成方法。首先利用Williamson反应生成醚、羧酸酰化、酯化反应得到单体,然后利用硅氢化反应将单体接枝到聚甲基氢硅氧烷上得到目标产物。用IR,NMR及热台偏光显微镜等方法对单体和聚合物进行了结构表征和液晶行为分析。优化了对－烯丙氧基苯甲酸对－氰基苯酯为单体的聚硅氧烷侧链液晶高分子的合成工艺条件,提高了产率。样品表征结果证明单体和聚合物均呈现近晶液晶相,为特殊功能材料提供了原料。     

侧链为端羧基聚乙二醇的梳形聚氨酯的合成与表征

以L-赖氨酸、乙二胺和端羧基聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料合成一种带聚乙二醇侧链的二元胺扩链剂(Lys-NH-PEG),然后以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和Lys-NH-PEG为硬段,聚碳酸酯二醇(PCD)为软段,制备一种含端羧基聚乙二醇侧链的梳形聚氨酯.对所合成聚氨酯材料进行傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测试,测试结果表明得到了目标聚合物.该聚合物能在水中形成胶体,并能化学接枝白蛋白,表明所合成的聚氨酯的PEG侧链端羧基具有反应活性.这种具有可反应性的聚氨酯为进一步接枝生物分子以提高生物相容性提供了广阔的空间.     

新型凝胶聚合物电解质的合成与性能

设计并合成了丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯共聚物及其梳状凝胶聚合物电解质.表征结果表明,合成的产物结构与设计的结果一致.该梳状凝胶聚合物电解质具有丙烯腈和聚氧化乙烯的优点,力学性能优良,室温电导率可达到10³S/cm,在锂聚合物电池领域中具有实际应用价值.     

Amphiphilic comb-shaped polymers from poly(ethylene glycol) macromonomers

Comb-shaped amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of hydrophobic backbones and hydrophilic side chains were prepared by radical copolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate macromonomers, and methacrylate and acrylate comonomers in toluene. The copolymerizations were very sensitive to the reaction conditions, and insoluble cross-linked gels were easily formed. The yields of soluble copolymers were affected by the initiator concentration, the macromonomer concentration, and the choice of chain transfer agents and comonomers. Solubilities of the copolymers in water or methanol were found to depend on the sizes and the numbers of the PEG side chains. The copolymers showed surface activity with CMC:s in the order of 0.1–1.5 g/L and surface tensions of 36–56 dyn/cm. When tested as emulsifiers most of the copolymers gave oil-in-water type emulsions at room temperature. Polymers carrying MPEG 2000 side chains were crystalline with melting points of 38–44°C, while those based on PEG 400 and 1000 were mostly amorphous with glass transition temperatures between -55 and -60°C. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

含氟两亲接枝共聚物的制备及其结晶行为

采用大分子单体技术合成了一系列以聚乙二醇为支链、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯为主链的含氟两亲接枝共聚物(PHFMA-g-PSPEG)。用1HNMR和凝胶色谱(GPC)对制备的大分子单体和两亲接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征。利用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和偏光显微镜(POM)测试技术对含氟两亲接枝共聚物的结晶行为进行了研究。DSC和XRD结果表明,随着共聚物中含氟链段质量分数的增加,其结晶温度(Tc)和结晶度(Xc)均降低,而结晶熔融温度(Tm)先减小后增加。POM发现,随着共聚物中含氟链段质量分数的增加,其结晶速度减慢,共聚物形成清晰球晶的能力减弱,当共聚物中含氟链段质量分数为57%时,含氟两亲接枝共聚物已不能形成清晰的球晶。     

Synthesis and properties of polymer brushes composed of poly(diphenylacetylene) main chain and poly(ethylene glycol) side chains

Novel cylindrical polymer brushes consisting of poly(diphenylacetylene) main chain and poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether monomethacrylate) (PPEGMA) side chains were synthesized by the diphenylacetylene macromonomer or side chain initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether monomethacrylate (PEGMA) from an bromo isobutyryl-bearing poly(diphenylacetylene) (poly(BrDPA)) method. The diphenylacetylene macromonomer, namely, DPA-PPEGMA, were prepared by the ATRP of PEGMA from bromo isobutyryl-bearing diphenylacetylene. DPA-PPEGMA was polymerized successfully with WCl₆-Ph₄Sn catalyst to give high molecular weight polymer brushes poly(DPA-PPEGMA). Meanwhile, polymer brushes (PDPA-g-PPEGMA) were obtained by ATRP of PEGMA from poly(BrDPA). The molecular weight of the side chains of PPEGMA could be controlled simply by modulating the ATRP time. The macromonomer and polymer brushes are soluble in nonpolar solvents such as toluene and chloroform. The polymers of poly(BrDPA) and poly(DPA-PPEGMA) absorb in the longer wavelength region, with two peaks at around 370 and 414 nm. The polymers are thermally stable and exhibit double crystallization and melting peaks during the cooling and heating scans.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)/Poly(pyridobisimidazole) Block Copolymers

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)/poly(pyridobisimidazole) block copolymers (PBO-b-PIPD) were prepared by introducing poly(pyridobisimidazole) (PIPD) moieties into the main chains of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) in order to enhance its photostability. PBO and copolymer fibers were directly prepared from the polymerization solutions by dry-jet wet-spinning. Chemical structures and molecular chains arrangement of the block copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-state ¹³C-NMR and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Thermal stability of the copolymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen. Thin films of PBO and copolymers were cast from methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solutions. Both the films and fibers were exposed to UV light to determine their photostability. Changes in the chemical structures and surface morphologies of the films were characterized by FTIR spectra and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), respectively. After UV light exposure, the retention of strength for copolymer fibers is improved compared to PBO fibers. The results revealed that copolymers suffered less photodegradation in comparison with homopolymer. The mechanism for the improved photostability of the copolymers was discussed.     

Thermoresponsive PPEGMEA‐g‐PPEGEEMA well‐defined double hydrophilic graft copolymer synthesized by successive SET‐LRP and ATRP

A series of well‐defined double hydrophilic graft copolymers containing poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] (PPEGMEA) backbone and poly[poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate] (PPEGEEMA) side chains were synthesized by the combination of single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The backbone was first prepared by SET‐LRP of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate macromonomer using CuBr/tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as catalytic system. The obtained comb copolymer was treated with lithium diisopropylamide and 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to give PPEGMEA‐Br macroinitiator. Finally, PPEGMEA‐g‐PPEGEEMA graft copolymers were synthesized by ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate macromonomer using PPEGMEA‐Br macroinitiator via the grafting‐from route. The molecular weights of both the backbone and the side chains were controllable and the molecular weight distributions kept narrow (M_w/M_n ≤ 1.20). This kind of double hydrophilic copolymer was found to be stimuli‐responsive to both temperature and ion (0.3 M Cl^? and SO). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 647–655, 2010     

聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸-聚丙氨酸三嵌段共聚物的合成及其胶束的pH-响应性药物控制释放

通过大分子引发剂ω-胺基-α-甲氧基聚乙二醇引发N-羧基-α-氨基环内酸酐开环聚合和酸性水解制备了一种具有pH-响应性的三嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸-聚丙氨酸(mPEG-PLGA-PLAA).通过核磁共振、ζ-电势、动态光散射、电子显微镜等手段表征了此类三嵌段共聚物的自组装过程及所形成胶束的pH-响应性.使用圆二色谱和红外光谱,分析了胶束结构随环境pH值转变过程中聚氨基酸链段二级结构的变化.以阿霉素作为模型药物,研究了三嵌段共聚物的载药能力和在不同pH条件下的药物释放能力.在碱性条件下,PLGA链段去质子化,链段从疏水性变为亲水性,胶束中间层由于水合作用变得松散,药物释放速率增加;在酸性条件下,PLGA链段质子化,不带电荷,与阿霉素药物分子间的静电相互作用消失.同时,PLGA链段α-螺旋含量增加,形成由链内氢键维持的刚性棒状结构,将链段周围包埋的药物分子"挤出",加速了药物的释放.     

Water-soluble hydrogen-bonding interpolymer complex formation between poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylic acid) grafted with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)

Comb-type copolymers of poly(acrylic acid) grafted with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA) side chains form with poly(ethylene glycol), at low pH, water-soluble hydrogen-bonding interpolymer complexes. Turbidimetry, viscometry, and dynamic light scattering measurements suggest that compact, negatively charged, colloidal nanoparticles are formed at pH<3.75. The influence of the structure of the graft copolymers and of the ionic strength of the solution on the size of these nanoparticles was investigated. It was found that their hydrodynamic radius decreases by increasing the molecular mass of the PAMPSA side chains of the graft copolymer and increases with increasing the ionic strength of the solution.