Cu、Ni共掺杂ZnO光催化性能及机理

以自制的Gemini表面活性剂为软模版,硝酸锌为锌源、硫酸铜为铜源、硝酸镍为镍源,采用水热法制备Cu、Ni共掺杂ZnO。用XRD、SEM-EDX、UV-Vis DRS和PL对样品进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,研究了水热时间,水热温度,煅烧时间,煅烧温度,Cu、Ni掺杂量对光催化性能的影响。结果表明：Cu和Ni均掺入到了ZnO晶格中,光催化实验表明,当水热时间8 h、水热温度130℃、煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间3 h,0.8 mg·L^-1的1.0% Cu-3.0% Ni/ZnO在250 W高压汞灯灯光照射90 min后对10 mg·L^-1罗丹明B溶液的降解率达到96.9%。     

多元金属掺杂改性ZnO/ZSM-5紫外光降解罗丹明B印染废水研究

运用溶胶-凝胶法将纳米ZnO负载于ZSM-5制光催化剂,用Ag、Fe、Cu掺杂改性ZnO/ZSM-5光催化性能并探究光催化剂ZnO/ZSM-5降解罗丹明B(RhB)模拟印染废水性能。以SEM和XRD分析手段对材料进行表征;探究溶液pH、底物初始浓度、光催化剂的用量及光强等因素对ZnO/ZSM-5降解RhB效果的影响。结果表明:ZnO/ZSM-5降解RhB印染废水最佳条件:ZnO/ZSM-5用量0.1 g·L~(-1)、初始浓度5 mg·L~(-1)、pH为7的RhB溶液、在紫外光源20 W的条件下降解RhB速率高达98.8%;Ag、Fe、Cu掺杂量分别:5%Ag-ZnO/ZSM-5、3%Fe-ZnO/ZSM-5、0.01%Cu-ZnO/ZSM-5时RhB的降解率分别高达97.52%、90.07%、87.12%;Ag、Fe、Cu共同掺杂的3%Fe-0.1%Cu-5%Ag-ZnO/ZSM-5催化效果优于单种金属元素掺杂改性材料。     

Cu掺杂BiVO4催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Cu(NO_3)2·3H_2O为铜源,采用水热法在180 ℃条件下制备了不同Cu掺杂量的BiVO_4光催化材料,其在可见光下具有强大的氧化还原能力。通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、电化学阻抗谱等表征手段对样品进行表征与分析,并以500 WXe灯为模拟可见光源,罗丹明B染料(RhB)为目标污染物,进行光催化性能研究。研究结果显示,Cu掺杂改变了 BiVO_4的形貌,当Cu掺杂量(质量分数)为1 %时,在500～800 nm范围内可见光吸收显著,使得光催化活性达到最佳,对RhB(10 mg·L~(-1))的降解率可达81.6%,较同条件下制备的纯BiVO_4光催化效率提高了近20%。     

Fe3O4@Ce掺杂ZnO光催化降解罗丹明B

通过共沉淀法优化制备了Fe_3O_4为内核的磁性核壳式Ce掺杂ZnO催化剂(Fe_3O_4@ZnO-Ce),考察催化剂的稳定性和适用性,利用SEM、BET、ICP-AES、XRD、UV-Vis DRS、VSM、FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究温度、pH、催化剂投加量对罗丹明B降解率的影响。结果表明,Ce掺杂ZnO包覆在Fe_3O_4表面形成球状纳米颗粒,平均粒径约100 nm,Fe_3O_4和3%Ce掺杂ZnO最佳物质的量之比为1:20,400℃煅烧2 h。日光模拟灯为光源,在pH为7、水温30℃、催化剂投加量0.2 g/100 mL、90 min罗丹明B降解率达到92%,6次循环套用降解率达到53%以上。     

基于水滑石的Zn-Cr-Cu复合金属氧化物的制备及其对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能

采用共沉淀法一步组装获得席夫碱铜(Ⅱ)插层的Zn-Cr水滑石(ZnCr-SBCu-LDHs),再经500℃高温焙烧制得新颖的Zn-CrCu复合金属氧化物(ZnCr-SBCu-LDO)光催化材料。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射图谱(UV-Vis DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)对催化材料的结构和性质进行分析表征。以较难被水滑石吸附的阳离子型染料罗丹明B(RhB)作为模型,研究材料的光催化活性,考察材料用量、RhB溶液的初始pH值、温度以及H_2O_2初始浓度等对光催化活性的影响。结果发现:ZnCr-SBCu-LDO具有优异的光催化活性,在初始pH值为7.40、温度为25℃以及H_2O_2初始浓度10 mmol·L~(-1)的条件下,光照4 h后,1 g·L~(-1)的催化材料对5 mg·L~(-1)的RhB溶液的降解效率可达98.68%。此外,进一步对催化剂的再生能力进行了研究,并初步探讨了光催化降解的机理。     

水热共还原法制备La_2O_3掺杂W-Cu复合粉末工艺研究

以水热合成法为基础,制备了La2O3掺杂量为2.0%(质量分数)的W-20Cu复合粉体,并通过SEM,HRTEM,DTA/TG及XRD等手段对复合粉体的物相、形貌和微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:水热共沉淀法制备稀土La2O3掺杂W-Cu复合粉时,对应前驱溶液的最佳p H为5.5。与不加稀土相比,水热产物分解温度降低,470℃煅烧2 h后,La与W形成复合氧化物La2W3O12,且分解形成的WO3相依附La(OH)3生长,其结晶性提高。在推杆式还原炉850℃于H2介质中还原2 h后,煅烧粉完全被转化为W,Cu和La2O3,HRTEM表征发现La2O3吸附在W和Cu颗粒的表面,阻止晶粒的长大,有望提高还原粉体的烧结性能。     

光催化剂钒酸银的水热制备及其可见光催化性能

以V2O5、NaOH和AgNO3为原料,采用水热法制备了可见光催化剂Ag3VO4.考察了水热温度对该催化剂可见光吸收以及可见光催化性能的影响.以有机染料甲基橙(MO)和罗丹明B(RhB)为指标反应,测试了Ag3VO4的可见光催化活性.结果表明,不同水热温度下的催化剂均在可见光区有明显的吸收,吸收带边约为590~650nm;在160℃水热反应4h制得的Ag3VO4光催化活性最高,当Ag3VO4用量为0.1g时,对于10mg/L甲基橙溶液3h的脱色率可达到94%,对10mg/L罗丹明B 1h的脱色率则可达到98%.     

磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中罗丹明B的含量

样品溶液(pH 4.0,10 mL)以流量1.0 mL·min~(-1)经自制磁性石墨烯(CoFe_2O_4-G)20mg萃取,用1mL丙酮洗脱。所得溶液中的罗丹明B采用高效液相色谱法进行测定。罗丹明B的质量浓度在0.50~10μg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.08μg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为99.0%~101%,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.6%~4.0%。     

不同水热条件下TiO_2/电气石复合材料的光催化机制

为了解决TiO_2纳米光催化剂易团聚、禁带宽度大的缺点,本文采用水热法制备了TiO_2/电气石(3%)复合材料,研究了水热时间(2~10 h)和水热温度(120~200℃)对TiO_2/电气石(3%)的光催化性能的影响。发现光催化降解罗丹明B的降解率由单独TiO_2的60%提高到加入电气石后的99.4%。电气石具备自发极化电场效应,降低了TiO_2的禁带宽度和光生电子和空穴的复合率。在水热温度160℃、水热时间4 h条件下制备的TiO_2/电气石(3%)表现出最高的光催化降解罗丹明B的性能。说明TiO_2与这种有自发极化的材料复合能够有效提高其光催化性能。     

自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯

采用自动快速燃烧炉-离子色谱法测定煤炭中氯的含量。优化的试验条件如下:(1)燃烧管进口温度为950℃,出口温度为1 050℃;(2)称样量为10 mg;(3)以4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为吸收液。以阴离子色谱柱为分离柱,4.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-1.4mmol·L~(-1)碳酸氢钠混合液为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测器测定。以PO_4~(3-)作为内标物,氯的线性范围为0.5~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)为0.086mg·L~(-1)。方法应用于煤炭标准物质和实际样品的分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定值与国家标准方法的测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%~7.5%。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物的合成及表征

三茂基镧系化合物和苯并三氮唑在四氢呋喃中反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物,经元素分析、IR和MS测定,从有关数据推测了这类配合物的可能结构。