化学计量学 化学统计学 化学计算法

在化学和计量学领域中,有三个英文名词:chemical metrology,chemometrics,stoichiometry,它们译成中文时,都使用了“化学计量学”这一术语,这就难免引起混乱。我认为,有必要寻找更恰当的译名,将这三个英文术语加以区分。 1 化学计量学(chemical metrology)     

味觉化学之甜味化学

甜,是一种令人愉快的味道,让人产生幸福的感觉,生物本质是甜味分子与甜味受体相互作用,经过复杂的传递过程然后激活大脑奖赏区释放神经递质多巴胺。从化学结构角度上看,甜味分子可分为:糖类(糖、糖衍生物、糖醇、糖苷),氨基酸类(二肽、蛋白质),磺酰胺类等,甜度值与分子结构密切相关。本文从分子结构层面阐述各类甜味分子及其甜度。     

味觉化学之鲜味化学

鲜,作为五味之一,在人们的生活中占有重要地位。介绍了鲜味的概念和生理形成过程,主要鲜味化合物的分类及化学结构,以及鲜味分子呈鲜机制等方面的内容,并且着重从化学的角度对呈鲜化学成分及构效关系进行了梳理和剖析。     

法庭化学与化学

简单叙述了法庭化学与化学的关系，法庭化学是化学的一个特殊组成部分，化学的发展促进法庭化学的发展，法庭化学在侦破案件中起重要作用。本文还介绍了法庭化学研究的内容及与相关学科的关系。     

为化学骄傲 为化学呐喊

2011年是"国际化学年",也是居里夫人获得化学诺贝尔奖100周年.世界各地举行了主题鲜明、形式各异、精彩纷呈的庆祝活动.为此,笔者反复研究讨论,共同撰写了一篇演讲稿:近代化学的创立可以追溯到17世纪中叶.1661年罗伯特·波义耳在《怀疑派的化学家》一书中,首次提出了元素概念,明确把化学看成是认识自然的一门学问.恩格斯曾高度评价:"是波义耳把化学确立为科学."从那以后,化学脱离了世俗和宗教的樊篱,走上了一条快速而科学的发展道路.在近几百年的岁月里,涌现出大批闪耀着思维理性、智慧光芒的化学巨人.拉瓦锡、李比希,星光熠熠;波义耳、诺贝尔,如雷贯耳;门捷列夫、居里夫人,更是家喻户晓……     

从固体化学到凝聚态化学

“凝聚态化学”是化学学科一个新的发展领域,其基本思想是超越分子和理想晶体的界限,多层次地研究物质的组成、结构、性质、制备以及它们之间的关系。本文简要回顾了从固体物理到凝聚态物理的历史以及固体化学的发展历史,分析了固体化学的学科特点,指出固体化学的发展必然孕育着“凝聚态化学”的形成,同时指出,化学学科中的多个领域也都会将“凝聚态化学”作为自己的发展方向。建议了从固体化学向“凝聚态化学”发展的途径:完善固体化学学科的知识体系,拓展固体化学的知识范围,创造“凝聚态化学”的标志性成果。最后强调,与凝聚态物理学家密切合作,共建“凝聚态科学”大厦。     

面向未来的化学——绿色化学

综述了绿色化学的发展背景与历史,重点介绍了绿色化学反应的基本原则以及绿色化学在原子经济、绿色原料、绿色催化剂、绿色溶剂、绿色化学产品等领域取得的进展,希望能够推动社会和民众对绿色化学的理解与认知。     

无处不在的化学——化学动力学

Starting from an example of how to extinguish a fire, this article illustrates how chemical dynamics plays a role in our life. It also introduces what is chemical dynamics and the contribution of Dutch chemist Jacobus H. van't Hoff to chemical dynamics. The horse racing analogy is used to illustrate how the amount of reactants, energy, catalysts and other factors affect the chemical reaction rate.     

在化学实验课程教学中引入模拟创业的探索和体会

Under the background of the times when the state promotes innovation and entrepreneurship, the department of chemistry of Fudan University has introduced the concepts of innovation and cost accounting into the laboratory course of analytical chemistry to cultivate students' awareness of entrepreneurship and environmental protection etc. At the same time, it can further enhance students' interest in the laboratory course.     

有机化学实验教学方法探索与实践

近年来,我们对有机化学实验的教学方法进行了积极探索与实践,通过拓宽授课知识面、运用比较教学法、情境教学法、渗透化学史教育等途径,提升学生实验兴趣,调动学生学习积极性,激活学生科学思维,增强创新意识,提高了实验教学质量。     

有机化学实验教学中学生科学探究能力的培养

The ability of scientific inquiry is one of the important abilities of undergraduate students. We have been thinking and exploring to cultivate students' scientific research ability in the course of laboratory teaching. In recent years, we had carried out persistently reform and practice to the laboratory teaching content and the teaching method in organic chemistry, for example, introduction to the frontier of scientific research, exploring the abnormal phenomena of the experiment, organization of experiment discussion, and carrying out the extracurricular research experiments. The above measures can greatly stimulate the students' interest in learning. Their abilities to think, observe, analyze and solve problems were fully developed. The students' ability of scientific inquiry had been cultivated in multiple aspects. The above measures have effectively promoted the improvement of teaching quality of organic chemistry laboratory course, and also supported the training objectives of high-quality innovative talents in chemistry.     

有机天然产物化学实验的教学改革与实践

Natural product chemistry experiments, which train the students to master the basic skills for extraction, separation and identification of the active components of natural products, and acquaint with the research methods of natural product chemistry, are an important part of organic chemistry laboratory. This paper analyzes the common problems related to the current natural products chemistry laboratories in domestic universities. In recent years, we carried out the reforms of the teaching contents, teaching conditions, and teaching methods. The teaching practices show that the students' learning interest and efficiency, the abilities to analyze and solve problems, and the scientific research abilities have been trained and strengthened. The teachers' experimental teaching level and teaching quality have been greatly improved.     

以举办化学实验竞赛为契机,推动化学实验教学发展

第10届大学生化学实验竞赛在北京化工大学成功举行,大学生化学实验竞赛能检验学生掌握化学实验技能和操作水平的情况,促进学生更好地了解和掌握实验仪器,锻炼学生的动手能力和创新意识,培养学生严谨科学的态度。通过"北京市大学生化学实验竞赛"这个平台,高校之间更好地交流了化学实验教学的经验,并以此为契机促进化学实验教学的改革,提高化学实验教学水平。     

在结构化学教学中增设量子化学计算实验课的探索

结构化学是化学专业本科生的主干核心课程,对培养高水平人才具有重要作用。立足于学生兴趣和课程特点,本文提出在结构化学教学中增设量子化学计算实验课。紧扣教学大纲重难点,设计制作了4个基础实验,阐述了内容及实施细节。该改革让学生以计算机为仪器、应用结构化学知识来解决和理解化学问题,提升了学习兴趣和教学效果。     

有机化学知识在高分子材料合成创新实验中的运用——分享几个实例

针对目前教学中存在的理论课程之间、实验课程与理论课程之间关联不够紧密等问题,探索了通过"知识关联"将有机化学基本知识运用到高分子材料合成创新实验中的教学思路。以新试剂合成及应用、荧光聚酯合成、聚酰胺合成、聚酯水解等为例,介绍了如何将有机化学新理论、新方法、新试剂应用于本科高分子化学和高分子材料实验教学,以及如何将有机化学的理论知识和实验手段应用于高分子材料合成教学中。实践表明:通过"知识关联",将有机化学基础理论知识和实验技能应用于高分子合成实验中可以提高学生对所学知识的理解和运用能力,增强学生的实验探索兴趣,有效改进了高分子材料合成实验教学的课堂气氛。     

“互联网+”背景下基础化学原理实验在线学习与考试系统的开发与实践

In recent years, the use of mobile terminals such as smart phones is increasingly popular with the rapid development of the mobile Internet. The online learning and examination system of basic chemistry laboratory is designed and developed under the background of "Internet + education". The system can achieve five functions: chemical laboratory safety education and examination, theoretical learning and examination of basic chemistry laboratory, test database management, online examination on mobile terminal, score management and statistical analysis. The development and construction of this online system conforms to the development trend of "Internet + education", which is beneficial to both students' independent learning and examination resource saving.     

以实验为情境问题的PBL教学法在元素化学教学中的应用

元素化学是无机化学课程的学习重点和讲授难点。针对元素化学内容繁杂、易学难巩固的特点,本文以铁、铜化合物实验为情境问题,在元素化学的教学中实施PBL教学方法以激发学生的学习兴趣,促进并巩固教学效果。     

激发学习兴趣,引领学生走进物理化学

In this paper, by introducing the culture and history of physical chemistry, exploring physical chemistry in daily life, demonstrating the latest progress in research and grasping the knowledge systematically, we developed the methods to increase students' interest in the study of physical chemistry.