纳米管钛酸多孔层石英毛细管色谱柱的制备及热处理对色谱保留性能影响研究

在实验室合成了具有较大比表面积和纳米管特性的纳米管钛酸H2Ti2O4(OH)2,对其热处理前后的形貌和结构进行了表征,将其作为气—固色谱吸附剂制备出一种新型纳米管钛酸石英PLOT柱,同时考察了这种纳米管结构的钛酸作为固定相对C1—C4气体烷烃混合物、空气和SF6以及CO和CO2的分离性能。结果表明：新型纳米管钛酸石英PLOT柱具有特殊的吸附分离性能,纳米管钛酸作为气—固吸附色谱石英毛细管柱的固定相,对C1-C4烷烃具有较强的吸附性、较好的峰对称性和较高的分离度,而且能够分离CO和CO2以及空气和SF6等永久性气体组分。在150℃、-0．1MPa真空下对纳米管钛酸处理后,其形貌、结构和表面性质均发生变化,将对C1-C4烷烃分离的保留时间(tR′)和色谱峰对称性(Tf)产生影响,在300℃,N2气氛下处理后,纳米管特性完全消失,其不适宜再作分析C1-C4烷烃的固定相。     

改性活性碳自组装多孔层毛细管气相色谱柱的研制及其特性评价

采用自组装膜制备技术和超细亚微粒级吸附剂研制高效活性碳多孔层毛细管色谱柱（PLOT），选用K3PO4、K2HPO4和KH2PO4三种不同的磷酸盐对色谱柱进行改性脱活，考察了脱活盐浓度对色谱柱保留行为的影响程度，并采用研制的高效活性碳PLOT毛细管色谱柱对惰性气体和低碳烃（H2、Air、CO、CO2和C1-C4烃）进行了分离分析，结果表明：在高效活性碳PLOT毛细管色谱柱制备工艺中，活性碳吸附剂的最佳粒度为0.5-0.7μm之间；磷酸盐脱活剂的最佳浓度为1.5%，老化时间为250℃；所研制的高效活性碳PLOT毛细管色谱柱对惰性气体和低碳烃具有较好的分离度。     

多组分地质气样的气相色谱分析

建立双阀四柱三检测器多组分地质气样气相色谱分析方法。使用3根填充分析柱, 1根填充参比柱, 1个十通阀, 1个六通阀和3个检测器定量分析流体样品中的CH4、He、H2、CO2、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10 和H2S等气体成分。检出限在10-5~10-6(x, 摩尔分数)数量级之间, RSD小于12%。线性范围从5×10-5~5×10-4(x)。本法已运用到中国大陆科学钻探工程项目(CCSD)的流体实时分析工作中, 实时提供流体中气体分析数据, 为CCSD的科学钻探提供有用信息。     

硅烷基五羰基锰（ＣＯ）５ＳｉＲ３的光化学合成

摘要 对甲基卞基五羰基锰(CO)5Mn-p-CH2C6H4CH3（4a）或对甲氧基五羰基锰(CO)5Mn-p-CH2C6H4OCH3（4b）与1-2当量R3SiH的C6H6 或C6D6溶液在5oC光解,经色谱纯化后得到中等或高收率硅烷基五羰基锰(CO)5MnSiR3［SiR3 = SiMe2Ph（１b）,SiMePh2（１c）,SiPh3（１d）,SiHPh2（１e）,SiEt3（１f）,SiMe2tBu（１g）,和SiMe2Et（１h）］。光化学反应后,对二甲苯和对甲基苯甲醚副产物分别定量生成,并伴随少量Mn2(CO)10（<1％-6％）。色谱柱的尺寸和温度（室温至- 65 oC）的选择视初始浓度的分解,色谱柱展开期间1的稳定性（过载）,以及1与Mn2(CO)10的分离难易而定。去除Mn2(CO)10后的硅烷基五羰基锰3b-3g为浅黄色油状物或无色晶体（只有3h无法分离得到纯净物）。尽管这些化合物对空气敏感对热却相对稳定。     

新型碳分子筛毛细管色谱柱

新型碳分子筛毛细管色谱柱中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所色谱技术研究开发中心研究人员经过两年多的探索，成功地研制开发出碳分子筛石英毛细管气相色谱柱。经修饰改性的碳分子筛Ｃ－２０００色谱柱能够一次进行分离Ｈ２、Ｏ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｃ２Ｈ２、Ｃ...     

新型碳分子筛毛细管色谱柱

新型碳分子筛毛细管色谱柱中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所色谱技术研究开发中心研究人员经过两年多的探索，成功地研制开发出碳分子筛石英毛细管气相色谱柱。经修饰改性的碳分子筛Ｃ－２０００色谱柱能够一次进行分离Ｈ２、Ｃ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｃ２Ｈ２、Ｃ...     

硅烷基五羰基锰(CO)5MnSiR3的光化学合成

对甲基苄基五羰基锰[(CO)5Mn-p-CH2C6H4CH3,4a]或对甲氧基五羰基锰[(CO)5Mn-p-CH2C6H40CH3,4b]与1～2当量R3SiH的C6H6或C6D6溶液在5℃光解,经色谱纯化后得到中等或高收率硅烷基五羰基锰(CO)5MnSiR3:SiR3=SiMe2Ph(1b),SiMePh2(It),SiPh3(1d),SiHPh2(1e),SiEt3(1f),SiMe2-t-Bu(1g)和SiMe2Et(1h).光化学反应后,对二甲苯和对甲基苯甲醚副产物分别定量生成,并伴随少量Mn2(C0)10(<1%～6%).色谱柱的尺寸和温度(室温至--65℃)的选择视初始浓度的分解,色谱柱展开期间l的稳定性(过载),以及l与Mn2(CO)10的分离难易而定.去除Mn2(CO)10后的硅烷基五羰基锰1b～1g为浅黄色油状物或无色晶体(只有1h无法分离得到纯净物).尽管这些化合物对空气敏感对热却相对稳定.     

碳分子筛多孔层毛细管柱的研制及其应用

本文详述了以碳分子筛作为吸附剂时,多孔层毛细管柱的制备方法,并用它在不同条件下对永久性气体以及C_1～C_6烃类气体进行了分离及分析。这类色谱柱可以使C_6烃在350℃馏出,不同碳数的烃类严格按碳数分开,不存在不同碳数间交叉的现象。在4℃时还可使O_2、N_2、CO很好分离,但对C_4异构体的分离不理想.如以k′值来代替涂层厚度(df)作为柱参数时,对HEPT～k′的曲线分析显示:减小颗粒直径、增加涂层厚度,有助于提高涂层均匀性和多孔层色谱柱的柱效。     

Rh/SiO_2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应机理

采用原位Raman光谱技术,在原料气中的O2未完全耗尽的条件下,对CH4部分氧化制合成气反应的Rh/SiO2催化剂床层前部贵金属物种的化学态以及由CH4解离所生成的碳物种进行了表征.在此基础上采用脉冲反应和同位素示踪技术,比较了CH4的部分氧化及其与H2O和CO2的重整等反应对催化剂床层氧化区内CO和H2生成的相对贡献,并将实验结果与Ra-man光谱表征结果进行了关联.结果表明,在600°C下将还原后的4%Rh/SiO2催化剂切入CH4:O2:Ar=2:1:45原料气,催化剂床层前部未检测到铑氧化物的Raman谱峰,但可清晰检测到源于CH4解离的碳物种;在700°C和接触时间小于1ms的条件下,催化剂床层的氧化区内已有大量CO和H2生成,在相同的实验条件下,CH4与H2O或CO2重整反应对氧化区内合成气生成的贡献则很小;以CH4:16O2:H218O:He=2:1:2:95为原料气的同位素示踪实验结果表明,在原料气中16O2未完全耗尽的情况下,反应产物中C16O的含量占CO生成总量的92.3%,表明CO主要来自CH4的部分氧化反应.上述结果均表明,在O2存在下Rh/SiO2催化剂上CO和H2可以通过CH4直接解离和部分氧化机理生成.     

色谱－质谱联用法测定荧光灯中气体杂质及充气压强

 ］实验出一种色质联用法测定荧光灯中气体杂质及充气压强的新方法。使用两根并联色谱柱（柱1：Φ3mmi.d.×0.6m13XM.S.（分子筛60-80目；柱23mmi.d.×1.5mPorapakQ（80-100目），室温下可同时测定灯中H2，O2，N2，CH4，CO，CO2等多种气体杂质分压强。其测定下限分别为4×10-3，3×10-3，6×10-3，6×10-4，10-24×10-3Pa。并研究出了一种简易快速的破灯装置及标准气配制装置。导出了计算灯中各气体压强及杂质气浓度公式。     

废轮胎快速热解实验研究

介绍了废轮快速热解的试验装置和结果。重点考察了反应器温度在５００～１０００℃时,热分解气体产率和组分的变化规律,热分解产物分布以及延长气相停留时间对热分解气体产率和组分的影响。结果表明,热分解速率随温度呈线性变化,热分解温度升高,产气率增加,液体和固体产物减少。１０００℃时气体产率为５００℃的４倍。废轮胎热解气热值较高（２０～３７ＭＪ／Ｎｍ＾３）,在７００～８００℃间达到最大值。７００℃以上延长气     

分析变压器油的新型柱和转化炉

一种新型的变压器分析柱及微型转化炉,可用一根柱,一次进样完成Ｈ２、ＣＯ、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｃ２Ｈ４、Ｃ２Ｈ６和Ｃ２Ｈ２的全分析。而研制成功的微型转化炉有较高的转化率,且寿命长,可降低仪器成本 。     

Dense coordination network capable of selective CO2 capture from C1 and C2 hydrocarbons

We elucidated the specific adsorption property of CO(2) for a densely interpenetrated coordination polymer which was a nonporous structure and observed gas separation properties of CO(2) over CH(4), C(2)H(4), and C(2)H(6), studied under both equilibrium and kinetic conditions of gases at ambient temperature and pressure.     

FID/TCD并联气相色谱法测定天然气水合物的气体组成

建立了一种氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）与热导检测器（TCD）并联检测的气相色谱分析技术。该方法一次进样,即可实现天然气水合物中C1~C6、CO2、H2S、O2+N2 16种气体成分的同时测定。实验优化了色谱柱、升温程序、柱流速、进样口温度、检测器温度、TCD参考气和尾吹气流速等仪器分析参数。在优化条件下,16种气体分子在实验浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2为0.999 03~0.999 98,方法检出限为0.000 3~0.046 mol/mol,相对标准偏差（n=6）为1.6%~5.0%。对祁连山冻土区、南海神狐海域、人工合成水合物样品的分析表明,该方法简便实用、灵敏可靠,可满足天然气水合物气体组成的分析要求。     

The solubility of ethane, propane, and carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of sodium cumene sulfonate

Measurements have been made to determine the solubilities of ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, and carbon dioxide, CO2, in aqueous solutions of sodium cumene sulfonate (NaCS) at 25 degrees C. The solubilities measured for each gas satisfy Henry's law at all concentrations of NaCS. The solubilities of C2H6 and C3H8 exhibit quite similar behavior with respect to added NaCS. The solubilities of these two gases are very low in pure water and are found to be nearly independent of NaCS concentration over a concentration range of 0-0.4 mol NaCS/kg H2O. At intermediate concentrations of NaCS, the solubilities of C2H6 and C3H8 exhibit a gradual increase with added NaCS concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 mol NaCS/kg H2O. At NaCS concentrations greater than 2.0 mol NaCS/kg H2O, the solubilities of these two gases increase with added NaCS in an approximately linear manner, with the solubility of C3H8 increasing more rapidly than that for C2H6 (by a factor of approximately 2.5). CO2 is much more soluble in pure water than the hydrocarbon gases and exhibits markedly different behavior with respect to added NaCS. The solubility of CO2 decreases with added NaCS over a concentration range of 0-0.9 mol NaCS/kg H2O, passes through a minimum at a concentration of approximately 1.0 mol NaCS/kg H2O, and then increases with added NaCS at higher NaCS concentrations in a manner similar to that observed with C2H6 and C3H8. The trends in solubility observed for these three gases dissolved in aqueous solutions of NaCS resemble those found previously with aqueous solutions of ordinary surfactants. The solubility data measured for these three gases can be interpreted surprisingly well in terms of the mass-action model for micellization, in which salting-out effects due to monomer salt ions suppress gas solubility at low NaCS concentrations and gas solubilization by small micelles of NaCS acts to enhance gas solubility at the higher NaCS concentrations.     

Theoretical and experimental correlations of gas dissolution, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties in determination of gas permeability and selectivity in supported ionic liquid membranes

Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) has the potential to be a new technological platform for gas/organic vapour separation because of the unique non-volatile nature and discriminating gas dissolution properties of room temperature ionic liquids (ILs). This work starts with an examination of gas dissolution and transport properties in bulk imidazulium cation based ionic liquids [C(n)mim][NTf2] (n=2.4, 6, 8.10) from simple gas H(2), N(2), to polar CO(2), and C(2)H(6), leading to a further analysis of how gas dissolution and diffusion are influenced by molecular specific gas-SILMs interactions, reflected by differences in gas dissolution enthalpy and entropy. These effects were elucidated again during gas permeation studies by examining how changes in these properties and molecular specific interactions work together to cause deviations from conventional solution-diffusion theory and their impact on some remarkably contrasting gas perm-selectivity performance. The experimental perm-selectivity for all tested gases showed varied and contrasting deviation from the solution-diffusion, depending on specific gas-IL combinations. It transpires permeation for simpler non-polar gases (H(2), N(2)) is diffusion controlled, but strong molecular specific gas-ILs interactions led to a different permeation and selectivity performance for C(2)H(6) and CO(2). With exothermic dissolution enthalpy and large order disruptive entropy, C(2)H(6) displayed the fastest permeation rate at increased gas phase pressure in spite of its smallest diffusivity among the tested gases. The C(2)H(6) gas molecules "peg" on the side alkyl chain on the imidazulium cation at low concentration, and are well dispersed in the ionic liquids phase at high concentration. On the other hand strong CO(2)-ILs affinity resulted in a more prolonged "residence time" for the gas molecule, typified by reversed CO(2)/N(2) selectivity and slowest CO(2) transport despite CO(2) possess the highest solubility and comparable diffusivity in the ionic liquids. The unique transport and dissolution behaviour of CO(2) are further exploited by examining the residing state of CO(2) molecules in the ionic liquid phase, which leads to a hypothesis of a condensing and holding capacity of ILs towards CO(2), which provide an explanation to slower CO(2) transport through the SILMs. The pressure related exponential increase in permeations rate is also analysed which suggests a typical concentration dependent diffusion rate at high gas concentration under increased gas feed pressure. Finally the strong influence of discriminating and molecular specific gas-ILs interactions on gas perm-selectivity performance points to future specific design of ionic liquids for targeted gas separations.     

Polymeric membrane materials: new aspects of empirical approaches to prediction of gas permeability parameters in relation to permanent gases, linear lower hydrocarbons and some toxic gases

Membrane gas separation technologies (air separation, hydrogen recovery from dehydrogenation processes, etc.) use traditionally the glassy polymer membranes with dominating permeability of "small" gas molecules. For this purposes the membranes based on the low free volume glassy polymers (e.g., polysulfone, tetrabromopolycarbonate and polyimides) are used. On the other hand, an application of membrane methods for VOCs and some toxic gas recovery from air, separation of the lower hydrocarbons containing mixtures (in petrochemistry and oil refining) needs the membranes with preferable penetration of components with relatively larger molecular sizes. In general, this kind of permeability is characterized for rubbers and for the high free volume glassy polymers. Data files accumulated (more than 1500 polymeric materials) represent the region of parameters "inside" of these "boundaries." Two main approaches to the prediction of gas permeability of polymers are considered in this paper: (1) the statistical treatment of published transport parameters of polymers and (2) the prediction using model of ?diffusion jump? with consideration of the key properties of the diffusing molecule and polymeric matrix. In the frames of (1) the paper presents N-dimensional methods of the gas permeability estimation of polymers using the correlations "selectivity/permeability." It is found that the optimal accuracy of prediction is provided at n=4. In the frames of the solution-diffusion mechanism (2) the key properties include the effective molecular cross-section of penetrating species to be responsible for molecular transportation in polymeric matrix and the well known force constant (ε/k)(eff i) of {6-12} potential for gas-gas interaction. Set of corrected effective molecular cross-section of penetrant including noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe), permanent gases (H(2), O(2), N(2), CO), ballast and toxic gases (CO(2), NO(,) NO(2), SO(2), H(2)S) and linear lower hydrocarbons (CH(4), C(2)H(6), C(3)H(8), C(4)H(10), C(2)H(4), C(3)H(6), C(4)H(8) - 1, C(2)H(2), C(3)H(4)-m (methylacetylene) and C(3)H(4)-a (allen) is determined by using two above mentioned approaches. All of this allows calculating preliminary the permeability parameters of above mentioned gases for most part of known polymers based on limited experimental data. The new correlations suggested demonstrate that the available free volume of polymeric matrix plays an important role in providing of rate and selectivity of gas diffusion for glassy-like polymers; the rate and selectivity of gas diffusion in rubbers is affected mainly by cohesion energy density (CED) the both polymer parameters being calculated by traditional additive group contributions technique. Results of present study are demonstrated by calculation of expected permeability parameters in relation to lower hydrocarbons and some toxic gases for polynorbornene based polymers, PIM and PTMSP outlining potential of practical application for new membrane polymers.     

裂解气中NO,AsH_3,COS等杂质的色/质联用测定研究

 以气相色谱 /质谱 (GC/MS)的选择离子监测 (SIM )测定方式对裂解气中的一氧化氮、砷化氢、羰基硫、硫醚、硫醇等杂质进行了测定。针对一氧化碳、二氧化碳、乙烷、乙烯及氮气对一氧化氮测定的干扰 ,分别采取色谱分离和扣除响应的方法对其予以排除。考察了裂解工艺气物流对所选择离子的测定的干扰情况。对实际工艺气中的上述杂质进行了测定 ,结果一氧化氮的检出限为 10 0nL/L。     

Gas chromatographic analysis of trace gas impurities in tungsten hexafluoride

Highly reactive fluorinated gaseous matrices require special equipment and techniques for the gas chromatographic analysis of trace impurities in these gases. The impurities that were analysed at the low-microg/l levels included oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur hexafluoride and hydrogen. This paper describes the use of a system utilising backflush column switching to protect the columns and detectors in the analysis of trace gas impurities in tungsten hexafluoride. Two separate channels were used for the analysis of H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2 and SF6 impurities with pulsed discharge helium ionisation detection.     

聚合物锂离子电池不同化成电压下产生气体的研究

应用气相色谱方法初步探讨了聚合物锂离子电池在首次充电过程中于不同化成电压下产生气体的原因和机理.结果表明,当电池电解液采用1mol/LLiPF6-EC～DMC～EMC(三者体积比1∶1∶1)时,于化成电压小于2.5V下,产生的气体主要为H2和CO2等;化成电压为2.5V时,电解液中的EC开始分解,电压在3.0～3.5V的范围内,由于EC的还原分解,产生的气体主要为C2H4;而当电压大于3.0V时,由于电解液中DMC和EMC的分解,除了产生C2H4气体外,CH4,C2H6等烷烃类气体也开始出现;电压高于3.8V后,DMC和EMC的还原分解成为主反应.此外,当化成电压处于3.0～3.5V之间,化成过程中产生的气体量最大;电压大于3.5V后,由于电池负极表面的SEI层已基本形成,因此,电解液溶剂的还原分解反应受抑制,产生的气体的数量也随之迅速下降.