液相色谱-串联质谱结合谱库检索法同时测定猪组织中12种类固醇激素

建立了猪组织中12种类固醇类激素(炔诺酮、雄诺龙、醛固酮、去氢睾酮、达那唑、去氢甲睾酮、甲基睾丸酮、诺龙、孕酮、康力龙、睾酮和丙酸睾酮)多残留的液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱串联质谱(QTrap LC-MS/MS)的检测方法。组织样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解提取,混合型强阳离子交换固相萃取小柱(MCX柱)净化后,以含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈和水为流动相,经Venusil MP C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm)分离,按照多级反应监测(MRM)、信息相关采集(IDA)、增强子离子扫描(EPI),结合建立的12种类固醇类激素的标准谱图库检索的多步模式进行分析。结果表明,12种类固醇激素的线性范围为0.5～100.0 μg/L,线性相关性良好(r＞0.99);样品在5.0 μg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为72.0%～98.1%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～12.5%;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.2～0.5 μg/kg。实际样品检测结果表明,应用本方法可以实现对猪组织样本中类固醇类激素残留的定性定量分析,且具有灵敏、准确的特点。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织和鸡蛋中残留的11种甾体激素类药物

建立了采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定猪、牛、羊和鸡肌肉组织及鸡蛋中睾酮、甲基睾酮、黄体酮、群勃龙、勃地龙、诺龙、美雄酮、司坦唑醇、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙等11种甾体激素多残留的分析方法。试样在碱性条件下用叔丁基甲醚提取,冷冻离心脱脂净化,以乙腈和甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,反相液相色谱分离。采用电喷雾离子化、多反应监测方式(MRM),对11种甾体激素同时进行定性定量测定。动物肌肉和鲜蛋中睾酮、甲基睾酮、勃地龙、美雄酮及司坦唑醇的检出限为0.3 μg/kg,群勃龙、诺龙、黄体酮、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙的检出限为0.4 μg/kg。在动物组织及鸡蛋中添加1,2及10 μg/kg 水平的药物回收试验中,睾酮、甲基睾酮、勃地龙、美雄酮及司坦唑醇的回收率均在62.3%～105%之间,相对标准偏差为0.5%～15%;群勃龙、诺龙、黄体酮、丙酸诺龙、丙酸睾酮及苯丙酸诺龙的回收率大于50.0%,相对标准偏差小于16%。11种甾体激素在1～100 μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数都大于0.99。该方法的样品前处理简单、快速,测定灵敏、准确,选择性好,可满足动物源食品中甾体激素类药物多残留的同时测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定动物组织中22种同化激素

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪(LC-ESI-MS-MS),在多反应监测(MRM)模式下建立了动物组织中甾体类和1,2-二苯乙烯类22种同化激素(睾酮、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮、苯丙酸诺龙、勃地龙、康力龙、群勃龙、醋酸群勃龙、丙酸诺龙、大力补、醋酸甲羟孕酮、诺龙、孕酮、甲炔诺酮、甲羟孕酮、雌酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、炔雌醇、己烷雌酚、己烯雌酚、双烯雌酚)的快速确认测定方法.试样中的药物经叔丁基甲醚提取后,过C18固相萃取柱净化,氮吹至干,用1 mL乙腈/水(1:1,V/V)定容后测定.采用正离子扫描和负离子扫描的方式进行仪器方法学研究,确定丰度比最高的2对离子作为监测离子,进行MRM模式定性定量分析.该方法的检出限(LOD)为0.2～0.5 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.5～1.0 μg/kg;在2.0～200.0 μg/L的线性范围,相关系数r均大于0.998.在1.0 μg/kg的添加水平上,上述22种激素的平均回收率为56.2%～112.3%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～13.2%.本法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于动物组织中22种同化激素的残留测定.     

高效液相-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织中的糖皮质激素

本实验建立了肌肉组织中氢化可的松、可的松、泼尼松和地塞米松含量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法.样品经酶水解、乙酸乙酯提取、HLB固相萃取净化,C8色谱柱分离,在多反应选择性监测模式(MRM)下采用负离子模式进行信号采集和测定.4种糖皮质激素的检出限为0.13 ～0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 ～ 0.5 μg/kg.在0.5～50.0 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2＞0.99).在0.5,5.0和10.0μg/kg基质加标水平下,4种物质的平均回收率为74.0％ ～ 101.8％,相对标准偏差0.7％ ～8.6％.     

超高压液相色谱-串级质谱分析渔业水中7种激素药物

建立了同时测定渔业养殖水中氢化可的松、泼尼松、醋酸可的松、睾酮、甲睾酮、黄体酮及苯丙酸诺龙等7种激素残留药物的超高压液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析方法.水样用HLB固相萃取柱净化、浓缩后,洗脱液经氮气吹干,残渣用乙腈-水(V∶V=1∶1)溶解,以乙腈和0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,经ZORBAXSB-C18色谱柱分离后进行LC-MS/MS多反应检测模式作定性定量分析.方法在0.5～40μggL或1～40μg/L范围具有良好的线性,相关系数大于0.997,检出限(S/N=3)为0.03～0.3μg/L,平均回收率为74.8％～113.0％,相对标准偏差为4.0％～16％.方法适用于渔业养殖水中7种激素的检测分析.     

黄油中8种类固醇激素的液相色谱/串联质谱检测

建立了黄油中雌酮、α-雌二醇、β-雌二醇、雌三醇、睾酮、表睾酮、孕酮和丙酸睾酮8种类固醇激素的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)-液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1,V/V)提取,提取液经GPC柱净化除脂,GPC浓缩液采用C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.,3.0μm)分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。8种类固醇激素以基质匹配外标法定量,药物在1.0~20.0μg/kg线性范围内相关系数(r)均大于0.999;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.04~0.30μg/kg,定量限LOQs(S/N=10)为1.0μg/kg;添加水平为1.0,2.0,4.0μg/kg时,回收率范围在64.1%~110%之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于11%。结果表明,本方法准确、可靠,满足黄油中8种类固醇激素的检测分析要求。     

动物肌肉组织中甾类同化激素多组分残留的液相色谱-质谱检测方法

建立了不同动物肌肉中甾类同化激素(表睾酮、丙酸睾酮、19-去甲基睾酮、甲基睾酮、孕酮、甲羟孕酮、雌二醇、雌三醇、炔雌醇、雌酮)多残留量的LC/MS/MS确证方法。样品加醋酸缓冲溶液均质,加酶溶液酶解后,再加甲醇超声提取,用叔丁基甲醚液-液萃取至少2次,之后经反相固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-水为流动相,经C18柱分离后进行LC/MS/MS多反应监测模式下的定性及定量分析。其中雄激素,孕激素采用正离子扫描,雌激素则采用负离子扫描。17beta-NT、MTS、ETS、MED、PG、PTS、EST、17beta-ES、EES和ESN的定量检出限为0.5~1.0μg/kg。在1.0μg/kg的定量检出限添加水平,上述10种激素的平均回收率为55%~77%;相对标准偏差为7.1%~35%。可实现样本灵敏、准确的定性定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定饲料中9种雄性激素类药物

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析动物饲料中违禁添加的去氢睾酮(BOL)、表睾酮(epiAn)、氟甲睾酮(FT)、去氢甲睾酮(美雄酮)(MD)、甲睾酮(MT)、丙酸诺龙(NP)、诺龙(N)、丙酸睾酮(TP)和睾酮(T)9种药物的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯振荡提取,再用基质固相萃取方法净化处理后,采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析检测。在电喷雾正离子模式和飞行时间模式下,输入各化合物的精确分子离子质量数得到相应的提取离子色谱图,以色谱峰面积进行定量分析。通过碰撞诱导解离模式(CID)得到各化合物碎片离子的精确质荷比,进一步对各化合物进行定性分析。各化合物的质量精确度均小于5×10-6,9种化合物在0～1000μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性系数均大于0.99。除诺龙和去氢甲睾酮外,本方法对各药物的检出限(LOD)均低于6μg/L;去氢睾酮、表睾酮、氟甲睾酮、去氢甲睾酮(美雄酮)、甲睾酮、丙酸诺龙、诺龙、丙酸睾酮和睾酮的定量限(LOQ)分别为16,10,20,43,20,12,15,10g和16μg/kg。3个添加水平(LOQ,2LOQ,4LOQ)的回收实验表明,化合物的回收率在70.0%～99.7%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。本方法的定性准确度明显高于文献报道的方法,可用于饲料中的禁用雄性激素药物的测定。     

凝胶渗透色谱-固相萃取净化-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛肉中9种类固醇激素残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱分离-固相萃取净化-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱 (GPC-SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)测定牛肉中群勃龙、勃地龙、诺龙、睾酮、美雄酮、甲基睾酮、司坦唑醇、黄体酮、苯丙酸诺龙9种类固醇激素残留的方法.试样经β-盐酸葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解,叔丁基甲醚超声提取,凝胶渗透色谱和HLB固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,经Agilent Plus C18柱分离后以MS/MS多反应监测扫描模式检测.方法线性相关系数r＞0.999,定量限为0.2～0.7 μg/kg.在3种浓度添加水平0.3, 1.0, 4.0 μg/kg下,其平均回收率为81.4%～110%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～9.8%.本方法已成功应用于高脂肪和基质复杂样品中9种类固醇激素残留的检测.     

动物尿液中15种甾类同化激素的液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定

采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪（LC-ESIMS/MS）,在多反应监测（MRM）模式下建立了动物尿液中15种甾类同化激素（睾酮、孕酮、诺龙、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮、丙酸诺龙、苯丙酸诺龙、大力补、勃地龙、群勃龙、康力龙、醋酸群勃龙、甲炔诺酮、甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮）的快速确证测定方法。试样经酶解处理后,过C18固相萃取柱净化,氮吹至干,残余物用0.50 mL乙腈-水（体积比1∶1）溶解后测定。采用正离子扫描方式进行仪器方法学研究,确定监测离子对,进行MRM模式定性定量分析。该方法的检出限（LOD）为0.2～0.5μg/L,定量下限（LOQ）为0.5～1.0μg/L;在2.0～200.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998。在1.0、5.0μg/L的添加水平上,上述15种激素的平均回收率为59%～118%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～11.2%。该法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于动物尿液中15种甾类同化激素的测定。     

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for classification of testosterone propionate and nandrolone residues in chicken

There is a critical need for a rapid and simple screening method of androgens in chicken. In this study, we evaluated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with multivariate techniques for the classification of two androgens (i.e., testosterone propionate and nandrolone) in chicken from 294 samples. Raw Raman spectra were pretreated by using the methods of baseline correction, normalization and second derivative. Support vector machines (SVM) model using the score values of the first four principal components as the inputs was developed to classify all the chicken samples into the four groups (i.e., control, nandrolone, testosterone propionate, and testosterone propionate combined with nandrolone groups) with accuracy of 96.9%. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was adopted to automatically optimize the penalty parameter C and the kernel parameter g of SVM model for improving the classification accuracy. The experimental results demonstrated that SERS, in combination with multivariate methods, could be utilized as a rapid and simple classification assay of androgens in chicken and exhibited great potential in practical applications as a screening tool to better serve customers.     

Ionic Liquid-Based Submerged Single Drop Microextraction: a New Method for the Determination of Aromatic Amines in Environmental Water Samples

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method, combined with solid-phase disk extraction cleanup, was developed and applied to the analysis of fifteen androgens in waste water. Compounds included androstenedione, androstanolone, boldenone, clostebol, danazol, 6-dehydronandrolone acetate, fluoxymesterone, methyltestosterone, nandrolone, nandrolone propionate, testosterone, testosterone acetate, testosterone propionate, trenbolone and trenbolone acetate, respectively. The overall method recoveries ranged from 78.0 to 107.7% and the limits of detection for the fifteen analytes determined in influent samples were between 0.5 and 4 ng L^?1. The analysis of residual androgens was carried out in waste water obtained from the Beijing area and five analytes (androstenedione, fluoxymesterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone and nandrolone) could be detected in levels ranging from 1.6–3.5, 7.6–66.7, 4.1–7.0, 1.2–4.3 and 1.7 ng L^?1, respectively.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鱼制品中残留的7种性激素

以电喷雾离子源(ESI)为电离源,在正离子采集模式下建立了鱼制品中7种性激素（甲基炔诺酮、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、醋酸氯地孕酮、诺龙）的超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品被酶解后用甲醇提取,提取液经氯化锌(ZnCl2)去脂、LC-C18和LC-NH2固相萃取柱净化、Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,在多反应监测模式下进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。7种性激素的方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.08～0.17 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.24～0.58 μg/kg。考察了内标法和基质匹配外标法对7种性激素进行定量的回收率与精密度: 添加水平为1, 4 μg/kg时,以内标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为76%～118%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.0%～11.3%;以基质匹配外标法定量,7种性激素的平均回收率为66%～94%,RSD为4.5%～10.7%。该结果表明两种方法均能够满足鱼制品中7种性激素的多残留检测要求。应用建立的方法对市售脱脂大黄鱼及烤鱼片进行检测,未发现7种目标违禁性激素。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉组织中6种类固醇类激素类药物

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉组织中勃地龙、诺龙、美雄酮、甲基睾酮、丙酸睾酮和丙酸诺龙的分析方法.试样经乙腈提取,冷冻离心脱脂净化,以甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min.该方法的检出限(LOD)为0.0051～0.0086 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.0220～0.0287 mg/kg,在0...     

Hair analysis of anabolic steroids in connection with doping control-results from horse samples

Doping control of anabolic substances is normally carried out with urine samples taken from athletes and horses. Investigation of alternative specimens, e.g. hair samples, is restricted to special cases, but can also be worthwhile, in addition to urine analysis. Moreover, hair material is preferred in cases of limited availability or complicated collection of urine samples, e.g. from horses. In this work, possible ways of interpretation of analytical results in hair samples are discussed and illustrated by practical experiences. The results demonstrate the applicability of hair analysis to detect anabolic steroids and also to obtain further information about previous abuse. Moreover, the process of incorporation of steroids into hairs is described and the consequences on interpretation are discussed, e.g. on the retrospective estimation of the application date. The chosen examples deal with the detection of the anabolic agent testosterone propionate. Hair samples of an application study, as well as a control sample taken from a racing horse, were referred to. Hair material was investigated by a screening procedure including testosterone, nandrolone and several esters (testosterone propionate, phenylpropionate, decanoate, undecanoate, cypionate; nandrolone decanoate, dodecanoate and phenylpropionate; limits of detection (LODs) between 0.1 and 5.0 pg/mg). Confirmation of testosterone propionate (LOD 0.1 pg/mg) was carried out by an optimised sample preparation. Trimethylsilyl (TMS) and tert-butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives were detected by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).     

A Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Progesterone,Testosterone Propionate and Nandrolone Phenylpropionate in Ampoules

Abstract

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of three kdetosteriod drugs is suggested. The method is based on oximation, separation and acid cleavage of their oximes followed by spectro-photometric measurement of the liberated hydroxylamine through oxidation and diazo coupling reactions. The method gave mean percent recoveries of 98.92 ± 0.58, 99.26 ± 0.96, and 99 10 ± 0.47 for progesterone, testosterone propionate and nandrolone phenyl propionate respectively in ampoules. Results were in good agreement with B.P. 1980 method.     

Separation by capillary zone electrophoresis of the active anthraquinone components of the Chinese herbPolygonum multiflorum Thunb

Summary An optimization strategy was applied to explore the capability of hybrid micellar eluents of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), using acetonitrile or pentanol as modifiers, to resolve mixtures of eleven steroids showing a wide range of hydrophobicity (clostebol acetate, dehydrotestosterone, dydrogesterone, medroxyprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methandienone, methyltestosterone, progesterone, testosterone, testosterone enanthate and testosterone propionate). The accurate prediction of the retention behaviour of the steroids, with relative errors in the 0.8–1.7% and 0.4–2.9% ranges for SDS-acetonitrile and SDS-pentanol eluents, respectively, demonstrated the reliability of the methodology. Acetonitrile and pentanol had a complementary effect in these analyses. The elution strength of acetonitrile was weaker, but allowed higher efficiencies. A 0.094 M SDS-16% acetonitrile eluent separated seven steroids (dehydrotestosterone, dydrogesterone, medroxyprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methandienone, methyltestosterone and testosterone) in 27 min, while the most hydrophobic steroids were strongly retained. In contrast, a 0.125 M SDS-5.8% pentanol eluent permitted the elution of a mixture of eight steroids (dehydrotestosterone, dydrogesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, methandienone, methyltestosterone, progesterone, testosterone enanthate and testosterone propionate) of diverse hydrophobicity in 14 min. With this eluent, however, the peaks of dehydrotestosterone-medroxyprogesterone and methandienone-testosterone were highly overlapping.     

Analysis and chromatographic separation of some steroid hormones on NH2 layers

Summary The previously described analytical method for carbohydrates, catecholamines, uric acid, creatine and creatinine using thin-layer chromatography on aminomodified HPTLC plates and subsequent thermal activation of the chromatogram zones is expanded to include several steroid hormones. Specifically, they are the pharmacologically relevant compounds cortisone and hydrocortisone, estradiol and estradiol benzoate, estriol, estrone, methyltestosterone, testosterone and testosterone propionate, prednisolone, pregnandiol and triol, progesterone and Reichstein's S.