移动App在化学教育中的应用:类型与展望*

结合化学学科特点及不同阶段学生的学情,在收集整理了110多个化学移动学习App基础上,按照其功能分为3类:益智娱乐类、教学辅助类和化学专业类,并列举典型例子进行介绍说明。最后探讨了移动App在化学教育中应用的前景与挑战。     

形象化教学方法在药学专业化学类课程中的应用

针对药学化学类课程知识点繁杂、部分理论抽象的特点,应用形象化教学方法将重要知识点以形象生动的方式呈现,可以增强教学效果,激发学生的学习兴趣。结合笔者从事的教学科研工作,总结了比喻、比拟等形象化教学方法在无机化学、药物化学等化学类课程中的应用。     

慕课时代翻转课堂在药物化学教学中的应用

针对药物化学课程的自身特点, 就如何开展翻转课堂进行了思考, 包括制作教学视频、课堂组织、课后辅导和教学评价等诸多环节。慕课和翻转课堂的结合, 调动了学生的学习主动性和积极性, 使学生成为教学主体, 有利于药物化学课程的教学和培养适合大药学背景下的药学人才。     

化学对护理专业学习的助力作用

化学作为护理专业的专业基础课程,在化学人文素质、化学操作技术、化学理论知识等方面,对护理专业知识学习具有积极的促进作用。研究表明,化学专业素质、操作技能和化学基本技能对护理专业的相应方面具有助力和启发作用:化学操作技术是护理操作技术的基础之一;医用药物的存储、配伍禁忌等有赖于药物化学性质的相关知识;部分病理现象则以化学平衡知识为基础;药物的升级往往是药物的化学结构改造的结果,而药物的空间异构是影响药物疗效的因素之一。深入挖掘化学与医学的内在联系,培养学生以化学视角认知护理,对护生职业学习具有积极的促进和助力作用。     

药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略的探索与研究*

从提高学生学习积极性、改良教学方法、优化评价考核方式等方面对药物化学教学进行了探索与研究。提出基于LBL和PBL教学法,在药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略。分析了PBL和LBL 教学法相结合的优点,以及在药物化学教学中的应用情况。事实证明,在药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略,有助于弥补传统教学方法的不足,在提高学生学习积极性和主动性、提高教学质量、改善教学效果、培养学生综合能力等方面具有重要意义。     

化学药物(复杂有机物)系统命名的步骤与方法

理解并掌握药物化学名是药学专业学生和药师在药物化学学习和药学服务工作中经常遇到的难题。本文在广泛查阅文献资料的基础上系统、详细地总结化学药物系统命名的步骤和方法,同时对《有机化合物命名原则(2017)》与《有机化学命名原则(1980)》进行对比,并结合2个代表药进行解释说明。该步骤和方法具有系统、详细的特点,对药学专业学生和药师理解并掌握药物化学名具有较大的帮助作用。     

任务驱动模式在药物化学课堂内外教学中的应用

通过具体任务实例,分析如何利用任务驱动模式改变传统的药物化学教学方法,整合药物化学课堂内外教学,培养学生学习主动性。具体的任务实例包括：制作重点药物卡片、展开小专题教学、撰写读书报告等。教学实践表明,制作重点药物卡片既能提高课堂教学效率,又能巩固课堂教学成果;展开小专题教学能够激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生主动学习能力;撰写读书报告能够扩展课程容量。     

试论中学化学史教育的内容形式和方法

我国著名化学家傅鹰(1902—1979)教授说过:“化学可以给人以知识,化学史可以给人以智慧。”这句言简意赅的话,深刻说明化学与化学史结合、知识与智慧结合、化学专业观点与教育观点结合、学习化学科学成果与学习化学发展规律结合的重要性。     

化学学历案促进深度学习的发生——化学平衡移动复习课

学历案是关于学习经历或过程的方案，利用学历案构建一个“以学为主、以教促学”的教学模式，改变了教师的主导地位，凸显了学生的主体地位。笔者尝试借助学历案，以花青素为载体，通过生活化的化学实验，将化学平衡常数K作为分析工具，进行证据推理，以外界条件使花青素溶液颜色变化，到花青素的工业合成为明线；以化学平衡移动的本质到化学平衡移动原理的应用为暗线，双线结合，学生自主建构“化学平衡移动”的认知模型，从而促进深度学习的发生。     

基于AL的学业评价新体系在高职药物化学中的构建与实践

为了提高高职高专药物化学课程的教学效果,在药物化学教学中引入课堂层面的教学评价构建新的学业评价体系“促进学习的评价”,并在整个教学过程中持续实施,同时将评价结果进行反馈从而指导和促进后续的教学活动。结果表明,药物化学课程的学习时间、学习内容以及学业成绩均比教改前有较大幅度的提高,并且受到学生的高度认可。该学业评价体系不仅大大激发了学生的学习动力,改善了教师的课堂教学效果,提高了学生的学业水平,而且大获学生的欢迎。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.