基于虚拟仿真技术的热分析实验教学探索与实践*

针对热分析实验教学,设计和开发了热分析仪虚拟仿真实训系统,提出了一种新的基于虚拟仿真技术的仪器分析测试类实验课教学模式,并将其应用于实际的实验教学中。对随堂实验教学质量进行了调查,结果表明此种实验教学模式很大程度上提升了学生自主学习的兴趣,提高了学生的综合实践能力。     

常态化疫情防控下的仪器分析实验教学实践的探讨

结合仪器分析实验的特点和教学中存在的问题,阐述了虚拟仿真技术应用于仪器分析实验教学对线下实验的补充作用,并介绍了虚拟仿真实验教学在应对"停课不停学"等特殊状况的出色表现,通过问卷和互动反馈,准确评估学生的学习状况,指出虚拟仿真实验的局限性,提出线上虚拟仿真与线下课堂实验相结合的教学模式,促进仪器分析实验教学质量的提升。     

三维虚拟仿真技术在锂离子电池实验教学中的应用

把三维虚拟仿真技术引入到锂离子电池实验教学中,制作了锂离子扣式电池制作与性能测试虚拟仿真实验,介绍了仿真实验的设计过程。该仿真实验使用3Ds Max软件构建仪器和工作原理的模型及动画,用Unity3D软件构建一个高度仿真的虚拟实验室场景并模拟了实验操作的整个流程,使操作者可以轻松完成锂离子扣式电池制作与性能测试虚拟仿真实验过程。三维虚拟仿真技术在锂离子电池实验教学中的应用,可以弥补锂离子电池传统实验教学的不足,提高学生学习兴趣,丰富课堂实验教学手段,有效提高教学质量和教学效果。     

虚拟实验在初三化学实验教学中的实践与应用

正1利用虚拟实验突破课堂实验教学由于时间空间的限制,亲自动手进行探究实验成了学生的一种奢望,虚拟实验则给课堂带来新尝试。比如在一氧化碳还原氧化铁的实验教学中,教师利用问题引导学生在电子触摸屏上利用拟真仪器设计实验装置,进而处理产物检验、尾气处理、操作顺序等问题,不断完善实验过程,培养学生的科学探究能力。又比如在气体制取复习课上,教师在虚拟实验室上展示有关药品和仪器,让学生拖动仪器连接装置和变动装置以满足不同的实验需求,从而帮助学生深化理解实验原理,突破实验复习课。     

高分子专业“互联网+实验教学”模式的探索与实践

在"互联网+教育"发展的新阶段,依托一流专业建设项目,对本专业的"互联网+实验教学"模式进行了探索和实践。将虚拟仿真实验、大型仪器虚拟操作软件、微视频等现代化信息技术手段引入到实验课程教学中,以此推进现代信息化技术手段与实验教学的深度融合,实现专业实验教学的"互联网+实验教学"模式改革。这种基于网络技术的线上和线下互动式教学,增强了学生学习和思考的兴趣,提高了实验教学信息的广度和深度,促进了实验教学水平的提高。     

虚实融合的生物制药实验教学设计

分析了制约生物制药实验教学的主要因素和构建虚拟实验教学的可行性。针对目前生物制药实验教学存在的不足,提出了一种虚实结合的生物制药实验教学模式,以3D MAX和Unity 3D为工具构建虚拟现实（virtual reality,VR）实验教学模型,实现了虚拟实验辅助支持和虚拟实验操作交互模式,将该虚拟现实实验教学模型融入在线实验与真实实验教学中,并对该模式的教学效果进行评价分析。     

仪器分析实验教学改革实践

在仪器分析实验教学中运用启发式教学,注意理论联系实际,利用网络教学平台和虚拟实验教学强化实验预习,强调数据处理,利用废旧仪器,完善实验考核方案,旨在培养学生的实践和创新能力。     

中学化学教师对虚拟仿真实验室的认可度与应用意愿度调查

分析了虚拟仿真实验室应用于化学实验教育的特点,并通过问卷和访谈调查了中学化学教师对虚拟仿真实验室的认可度与应用意愿度。调查结果显示：绝大多数中学化学教师对虚拟仿真实验室有一定的了解,非常认可其辅助教学、激发实验兴趣、提高实验探究性设计能力的功能;中学化学教师将虚拟仿真实验室应用在未来教学中以及参加相关培训提高虚拟仿真实验教学技能的意愿度也较高;但由于虚拟仿真实验室的建设未能跟进,导致教师使用软件教学的能力不足,而当前一些虚拟仿真软件存在的质量问题也导致中学化学教师对其提高实验动手能力和培养科学严谨性的认可度较低。建议学校完善虚拟仿真实验室的建设工作并加强虚拟仿真实验教学技能培训,虚拟仿真实验室软件开发公司也应与中学化学教师合作提高虚拟仿真实验的设计质量。     

“线上线下”结合的化学实验教学模式改革

在化学实验模块化教学改革中,存在实验课时少,实验室周转紧张,学生不能系统学习化学实验课程等问题。针对此现状,设计了“虚拟仿真实验”镶嵌在实验室实验教学中,组成了“线上线下”相结合的实验教学模式。基础知识采用线上自学,然后通过实验训练加以巩固;模块实验观看视频后进行操作训练;综合实验学生通过线上自学后申请进入实验室操作,完成整个实验教学过程。该实验教学模式不仅解决了现存问题,而且使学生有充分的独立思考空间,强烈的参与实验意识和完整实验操作技巧的训练。     

微视频技术在基础化学实验教学中的实践应用

以高校基础化学实验"从海带中提取碘""三草酸合铁（Ⅲ）酸钾的制备"为例，分别探讨了微视频技术在化学基本操作实验和综合设计型实验中的具体应用；此外，举例说明利用Flash软件制作的虚拟微视频可以在仪器分析实验中清晰地再现仪器真实操作中的每一个步骤，弥补了学生在实验前无法实际操作仪器的不足。实践证明，微视频技术的应用，丰富了基础化学实验教学模式，增强了学生自主学习的能力和动手能力，提高了实验成功率和实验教学效果。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。