鞘氨醇激酶的相关抑制剂研究进展

鞘氨醇激酶(SphK)是脂质激酶,其作为癌症生物学中的重要限速酶受到了广泛的关注.它们通过产生鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(S1P)参与多种信号通路的调节,而S1P可介导细胞生长、分化、迁移和血管生成等多种生物学功能.目前鞘氨醇激酶抑制剂的研究是国内外研究的热点,并且随着鞘氨醇激酶1 (SphK1)晶体结构的解析,更多高选择性、高活性的抑制剂被开发出来.本文综述了具有抗肿瘤作用的与鞘氨醇激酶通路相关的抑制剂的研究进展.     

5-氨基吡唑及5-氨基三唑类成纤维细胞生长因子受体激酶抑制剂的设计合成

成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)是近年来抗肿瘤靶向治疗药物研发的前沿热点.本研究以Debio1347为先导化合物,依据其与FGFR蛋白的对接结果,设计并合成了11个5-氨基吡唑及5-氨基-1,2,3-三唑类FGFR抑制剂.测定了化合物对受体酪氨酸激酶FGFR2以及FGFR2依赖型胃癌细胞株(SNU16)的体外抑制活性,并对其构效关系进了初步的探讨.其中,1-[5-氨基-1-(2-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-1-(1H-噻吩并[3,2-b]吡咯-2-基)甲酮(8)与1-[5-氨基-1-(2-甲基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-6-基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基]-1-(1H-吲哚-2-基)甲酮(18)在酶水平上表现出了与Debio1347(3.5 nmol·L-1)相近的活性,其IC50值分别为3.3,2.3 nmol·L-1;在细胞水平上,化合物8和18与Debio1347(37.7 nmol·L-1)相比较活性略微降低,其IC50值分别为77.3,155.2 nmol·L-1.     

N-苯基吡唑脲类FAKⅡ型抑制剂的结构优化与构效关系研究

以Ⅱ型黏着斑激酶(FAK)抑制剂化合物2为先导化合物,结合FAK变构疏水腔的结构特征,对其尾部结构N-苯基吡唑进行了结构改造和优化,共获得9个目标化合物,其中4个化合物保持了与先导化合物同水平的酶抑制活性,N~1-(4-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)苯基)-N~3-(1-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-3-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-5-基)脲(9e)表现出优于先导化合物2倍的FAK抑制活性,IC_(50)值为41 nmol/L.表明N-苯基吡唑结构中苯环对位有更多结构优化空间,可通过与周边残基形成氢键从而提高化合物活性.     

SphK1抑制剂的合成研究进展

鞘氨醇激酶1(Sphingosine kinase 1, SphK1)是一种ATP依赖的脂质激酶,作为关键酶催化鞘氨醇(Sphingosine, Sp)向鞘氨醇-1-磷酸(Sphingosine 1-phosphate, S1P)转化. S1P是细胞内一种重要的信号分子,通过激活细胞内多种信号通路调控细胞的存活或死亡.细胞内SphK1的过度表达,会使胞内S1P水平升高,刺激细胞过度增殖,导致细胞恶性转化,诱发癌变.因此,SphK1可视为癌症治疗的靶标,设计合成靶向SphK1的抑制剂,是治疗癌症的有效方法.迄今为止,已有多种SphK1抑制剂被陆续报道.本文通过对相关合成工作进行归纳综述,期望为新型SphK1抑制剂的开发提供参考.     

含烷氧基取代的三唑类结构的尿酸转运体1抑制剂的高效合成方法

含烷氧基取代的三唑类结构的尿酸转运体1(URAT1)抑制剂3-(4-(4-环丙基萘-1-基)-5-甲氧基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)丙酸(1a)和3-[4-(4-环丙基萘-1-基)-5-乙氧基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]丙酸(1b)是一类重要的药物先导化合物,但是其现有合成路线收率非常低(1a和1b的总收率分别为3.3%和3.0%),为了对其进行进一步的构效关系研究,需要收率高的路线.经过详细研究发现了两条高效的合成路线(A和B),分别以CuCl催化的醇钠对溴代三唑进行芳香族亲核取代反应和醇钠直接对甲磺酰基取代的三唑进行芳香族亲核取代反应作为关键反应,并对重要步骤的反应条件进行深入优化.这两条路线具有收率高的优点,除了可以作为先导化合物1a和1b继续进行构效关系研究的合成路线外,还可以为含烷氧基取代的其他杂环化合物的合成提供有价值的借鉴.     

新型Rho激酶抑制剂的设计、合成及生物活性评价

以前期结构优化得到的Rho激酶I(ROCK I)抑制剂N-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-1-(4-甲基苄基)吡咯-3-酰胺(I)为先导结构,采用拼接原理,设计合成16个新型含取代的四氢嘧啶-2-酮结构的吲唑类衍生物,并经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和HRMS确证目标产物的结构.生物活性结果显示,1-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-3-(4-硝基苯基)四氢嘧啶-2(1H)酮(8a)和4-(3-(1H-吲唑-5-基)-2氧四氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基)苯甲腈(8b)具有较好的ROCK I抑制活性,IC_(50)值分别为6.01和9.46μmol·L~(-1);离体实验显示化合物8a和8b具有较好的舒张脑基底膜动脉的活性,EC_(50)值分别为15.92和20.61μmol·L~(-1).     

脯氨酸二肽催化的不对称直接Aldol反应

以(S)-脯氨酸和(R)-脯氨酸为原料合成了二肽H-(S)-Pro-(S)-Pro-OH(1)和H-(S)-Pro(-R)-Pro-OH(2),分别以两种二肽催化了不对称直接A ldol反应,获得了相同立体构型(S)的产物,与(S)-脯氨酸催化所得的产物构型(R)相反.该催化剂的立体选择性不高(ee<21%).理论计算的结果与实验结果吻合.     

含1H-苯并[d]咪唑或1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑结构的新型查尔酮衍生物的合成及PTP1B抑制活性研究

蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B)作为胰岛素和瘦素信号转导通路的负调节因子,PTP1B抑制剂有希望成为治疗II型糖尿病和肥胖症的候选药物.为了寻找非酸类PTP1B抑制剂,设计、合成了一系列含1H-苯并[d]咪唑或1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑的查尔酮类化合物,并对化合物进行了PTP1B抑制活性测定.结果显示,所有化合物对PTP1B均显示出较强的抑制活性,其中2-(1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-基)-N'-(4-(3-(2'-萘基)-3-氧亚基-丙-1-烯基)苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(10i)活性最佳,IC_(50)为(2.98±0.04)μmol·L~(-1).更重要的是,2-(1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-基)-N'-(4-(3-(4-甲基苯基)-3-氧亚基-丙-1-烯基)苯亚甲基)乙酰肼(10h)在20μg/m L的浓度下对T细胞蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(TCPTP)没有活性,显示了较好的选择性.     

3-(吲哚-3-基)-4-(吡唑并[3,4-c]哒嗪-3-基)马来酰亚胺脱氢类异柠檬酸酶-1突变体高效抑制剂的合成与评价（英文）

合成了一系列新型的3-(吲哚-3-基)-4-(吡唑并[3,4-c]哒嗪-3-基)马来酰亚胺,并评价了其对异柠檬酸脱氢酶1突变体(R132H)的抑制活性.大多数化合物对IDH1-R132H表现出较强的活性.其中化合物3-(1-(3-(1-(1H-咪唑-1-基)丙基)-6-溴-1H-吲哚-3-基)-4-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-c]哒嗪-3-基)-1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮(9b)是最有前途的IDH1-R132H抑制剂,IC50值为31 nmol/L,并能显著抑制异柠檬酸脱氢酶1突变(R132H)型人脑星形胶质母细胞瘤细胞中2-HG的产生.根据实验数据进行了初步的构效关系讨论和分子模拟研究.     

显影抑制剂释放化合物的合成

为寻找新的适用于不同情况的最佳品种显影抑制剂释放化合物(DIR化合物).合成了母体结构为1-苯基-2-乙酰氧基-2-[(1-苯基-1H-四氮唑-5-)疏基]乙酮的DIR化合物.在这一化合物的二个苯环中分别引入不同取代基制备了十四个新化合物.所有化合物以苯乙酮为骨架,1-(4'-取代苯)-5-疏基四唑部份为显影抑制剂.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。