整体柱固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法在线分析大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留量

以疏水的聚（甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯）整体柱作为固相萃取柱,建立了大米中15种酰胺类除草剂残留的在线固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的方法。本方法采用乙腈提取目标化合物,经在线整体柱净化,Hypersil GOLD色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定。15种除草剂的线性关系良好,相关系数（r）大于0.998。方法检出限和定量限为0.20~2.0 μg/kg和0.50~5.0 μg/kg。待测物在2.0、5.0、10.0、50.0 μg/kg（敌稗为5.0、10.0、50.0、100 μg/kg）4个浓度水平下加标回收率为75.5%~121.3%,相对标准偏差为2.89%~12.38%。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,可用于大米中酰胺类除草剂的快速定性定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛肉中18种食源性兴奋剂类药物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）检测牛肉中18种食源性兴奋剂类药物残留的方法。牛肉组织经酸化乙腈提取,Captiva小柱脱脂净化后,用无水硫酸镁干燥,上清液氮吹浓缩,残渣用甲醇-水（7：3,v/v）溶解。采用Agilent Zorbax Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱分离,以5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液（含0.01%（v/v）醋酸）和甲醇-乙腈（7：3,v/v）作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正负离子切换模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式检测,用基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明,18种食源性兴奋剂类药物在0.10~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R²）≥ 0.9950;在0.4、1.0和2.0 μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为57.3%~117.5%,相对标准偏差为3.1~15.6%（n=5）;方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.0006~0.0900 μg/kg和0.0020~0.3000 μg/kg。该法可以实现对牛肉样本中18种兴奋剂类药物残留的定性定量分析,具有简单、快速、准确性高的特点。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测动物组织中15种保水功能药物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测动物组织中15种保水功能药物残留的分析方法。样品经含1.0%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈溶液提取和Oasis PRiME HLB SPE柱净化后,采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以甲醇和0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾电离（ESI）源、正离子模式下,采用MRM监测模式进行数据采集。在1.0~50.0 μg/kg范围内,15种保水功能药物的线性关系良好,相关系数均≥0.9949;定量限均低于1.0 μg/kg。通过添加回收试验表明,动物组织中15种保水功能药物的平均回收率为60.0%~111.0%,批内RSD为0.56%~11.5%,批间RSD为2.31%~14.8%。该方法满足动物组织中该药物多残留的检测要求,为应对动物源性食品中筛查风险隐患和监控非法添加提供了新思路。     

分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中9种氟喹诺酮药物残留

建立了分子印迹固相萃取（MISPE）-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定鸡肉中9种氟喹诺酮药物残留的分析方法。样品经均质处理后,采用磷酸盐缓冲液提取,提取液经MISPE柱净化后,采用BEH C₁₈柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式,外标法定量。考察了MISPE柱对9种氟喹诺酮药物的吸附特异性;9种药物在0.25~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）>0.9965;检出限和定量限分别为0.08 μg/kg和0.25 μg/kg;在0.25、2.5、5.0 μg/kg添加水平下,9种药物的回收率为65.8%~112.2%,批内、批间RSD分别为0.6%~13.5%和0.5%~14.9%;MISPE的最大柱容量为464.7~932.4 μg/L。该方法灵敏度好、操作简单、快速。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时检测豆芽中的3种外源植物激素残留

建立了高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱同时测定豆芽中6-苄基腺嘌呤、4-氯苯氧乙酸、赤霉素等3种外源植物激素残留的方法。采用QuEChERS前处理技术,豆芽样品以酸化乙醇-乙腈溶液（1%（v/v,下同）乙酸+50%乙醇+49%乙腈）提取目标化合物,并经乙腈再提取后合并提取液;经硅藻土分散固相净化、正己烷去脂后氮吹至近干;用2.0 mL 50%（v/v）甲醇水溶液定容,过滤膜后上机检测。液相色谱以甲醇-水（含0.1%（v/v）的甲酸）作为流动相梯度洗脱,C₁₈色谱柱分离;质谱采用高分辨质谱、负离子模式,以精确质量数和二级特征离子定性,以准分子离子峰面积定量。结果表明3种目标化合物的定量限为5.0~10.0 μg/kg,线性范围为1~200 μg/L;平均添加回收率为79.1%~96.1%,相对标准偏差为5.7%~10.4%。本方法具有操作简单、快捷、灵敏度高等优点,适用于市场上豆芽质量的快速筛查检测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中6种头孢菌素类抗生素残留

建立了QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定牛奶中6种头孢菌素类抗生素的分析方法。牛奶样品加入含1%（v/v）醋酸的乙腈溶液提取,于45℃氮吹浓缩,经100 mg C18吸附剂净化后,采用HSS T3柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）分离,以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子模式（ESI⁺）下电离,多反应监测（MRM）模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,6种头孢菌素类抗生素在2~200 μg/L质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.2~0.6 μg/kg、定量限为0.8~2.0 μg/kg。在8、16和80 μg/kg的加标水平下,6种头孢菌素类抗生素的回收率为75.1%~94.4%,相对标准偏差为0.63%~8.3%。该方法简单快捷,准确可靠,适用于牛奶中头孢菌素类抗生素残留的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定贝类中22种农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时测定贝类中22种农药残留的分析方法。样品经含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈提取，N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）和石墨化碳黑（GCB）净化，然后采用ACE UltraCore 2.5 SuperC18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，2.5 μm）分离，以甲醇-0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱，流速为0.4 mL/min，柱温为35 ℃，然后以电喷雾电离（ESI）源，在多反应监测（MRM）、正离子模式下，采用三重四极杆质谱检测。22种农药在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.997，检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/kg，定量限为0.3~1.0 μg/kg。在3个添加水平下，22种农药的平均回收率为65.2%~109.4%，相对标准偏差为1.3%~15.2%（n=6）。该方法操作简单，快速，准确度高，灵敏度高，可用于贝类中22种农药残留的同时检测。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定常见动物源性食品中42种兽药残留

采用分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱,选择4种代表性动物源性食品作为基质,建立了13类42种兽药残留的分析方法。样品经水分散后,以5%（v/v）甲酸乙腈提取,提取液经盐析后取乙腈层,用分散固相萃取净化包净化。目标物用C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2 μ m）分离,以甲醇和0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,利用电喷雾离子源多反应监测模式进行检测。42种兽药在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995;大多数化合物在4种样品基质中的3个添加水平下的平均回收率为65.8%~135.5%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~14.2%（n=6）;检出限（LOD,S/N=3）和定量限（LOD,S/N=10）分别为0.01~1.68 μ g/kg和0.01~5.62 μ g/kg。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适用于动物源性食品中42种兽药残留的定量、定性分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中10种生物碱

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定化妆中10种生物碱的分析方法。实验优化了提取条件、净化方式和仪器条件等参数。样品经80%（v/v）甲醇水溶液超声提取，离心后过滤。采用Waters BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离，在多反应监测模式下测定，外标法定量。结果显示，在各自范围内，10种生物碱具有良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）>0.9900，方法的检出限为5.0~12.5 μg/kg，定量限为12.5~50.0 μg/kg。在1倍、2倍和6倍定量限的加标水平下，10种生物碱的回收率为70.91%~116.75%，相对标准偏差为0.49%~9.98%（n=6）。该方法操作简单，适用于化妆品中10种有毒生物碱的快速筛查和定量分析。     

固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液中的4种苏丹染料

建立了血液样品中4种苏丹染料（苏丹Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ）的固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱（UFLC-MS/MS）测定方法。样品经乙腈涡旋振荡提取,上清液加等体积水稀释混匀后移入C18固相萃取小柱净化,采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和0.1%（v/v）甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾电离（ESI）正离子多反应监测模式进行定量分析。讨论了苏丹Ⅲ和苏丹Ⅳ的偶氮基团E-Z光学异构现象,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果4种苏丹染料在0.1~20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;在低、中、高3个加标水平的平均回收率为93.0%~108.2%,相对标准偏差为4.8%~9.5%;方法的检出限（LOD）为0.06 μg/L,定量限（LOQ）为0.2 μg/L。本方法准确、快速、灵敏,可用于血液样品中苏丹类染料的检测分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定甜樱桃果皮中花青苷类物质

建立了甜樱桃果皮中7种花青苷类物质的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)定性和定量检测方法。样品经0.1%(v/v)盐酸甲醇提取液提取,AB-8型大孔吸附树脂净化,在电喷雾离子源正离子(ESI⁺)多反应监测(MRM)模式下对目标物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:7种目标化合物的定量限为0.26~1.42 μg/kg;在0~100 μg/L范围内呈现很好的线性关系,相关系数(r²)为0.9964~0.9993;方法的加标回收率为97.2%~105.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~5.8%。采用该方法对甜樱桃红色品种"美早"和黄色品种"13-33"成熟果实样品进行了分析,发现主要花青苷类物质的成分和含量存在显著性差异。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好,花青苷类物质的分析覆盖面广,可用于甜樱桃中花青苷类成分快速鉴定及含量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速测定大米中15种营养成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS)同时快速检测大米中15种营养成分(8种维生素E、6种γ-谷维素及β-胡萝卜素)的方法。样品经过含0.05%(v/v)2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)的甲醇溶液超声提取处理后,用Poroshell 120 PFP色谱柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的甲醇溶液为流动相,在正离子模式下通过UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS进行全扫描分析。15种营养成分可在13 min内获得满意的分离效果。15种营养成分在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.995 0,15种营养成分的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~1.8μg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.7~6.1μg/L,在3个添加水平下的平均加标回收率分别为73.2%~101.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1%~5.0%(n=3)。该法准确,高效,可靠,适用于大米中多种营养成分的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测红葡萄酒中功效成分

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄酒中白藜芦醇、黄酮类、多酚类功效成分的分析方法。葡萄酒样品直接稀释后进样,用C18柱进行分离,以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。13种功效成分在各自线性范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。除表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、花旗松素的检出限为1.0、1.0、3.0、3.0μg/L外,其他9种化合物的检出限均小于1.0μg/L。回收率为80.9%~112.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于葡萄酒中功效成分的快速分析。对实际样品的检测表明,所测葡萄酒样品中均含有儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯/儿茶素没食子酸酯、白藜芦醇、大豆黄素等功效成分,不同品种葡萄酒中这些功效成分含量差异显著。     

A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of coenzyme Q10 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with multiple reaction monitoring has been proposed for the analysis of coenzyme Q10 in (CoQ10) tobacco leaves. The method used electrospray ionization with detection in positive ion mode. Sample pretreatment involved ultrasonic extraction of fresh tobacco leaves with anhydrous ethanol for 15 min and followed by extraction of the supernatant with hexane. The separation of CoQ10 was performed on a Symmetry Shield RP18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile and isopropanol (8:7, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid as mobile phase. Quantification of CoQ10 was performed by the standard addition method. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of CoQ10 were, respectively, 1.2 ng/mL (S/N = 3) and 4.0 ng/mL (S/N = 10). The relative standard deviations of peak area were 0.91% and 1.21% for intra-day and inter-day, respectively. The recoveries of CoQ10 ranged from 98.2 to 99.3% and the corresponding RSDs were less than 2.4%. Analysis took 5 min, making the method suitable for rapid determination of CoQ10 in tobacco leaves. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of CoQ10 in the leaves from eight varieties of tobacco.     

Development of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of eight adulterants in slimming functional foods

A method for simultaneous determination of eight adulterants including two appetite suppressants, two energy expenditure-enhancing drugs, one diuretic and three cathartics in slimming functional foods by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was established. After samples were ultrasonically extracted with 70% (v/v) methanol aqueous solution and centrifuged, the components of ephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, fenfluramine, sibutramine, clopamide, emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol in sample solution were separated by a Hypersil Gold column (2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) using a programmed gradient elution. A mobile phase consisting of 0.02% (v/v) formic acid-ammonium formate buffer solution (pH=3.50) and methanol was used for elution with a flow rate set at 250 μL/min and column temperature of 25 °C. Qualitative determination was based on characteristic ion pairs and retention time of the targeted compounds using SRM (selective reaction monitoring) mode. Clenbuterol and ibuprofen were internal standards in positive and negative ionization mode, respectively. The internal standard curves were used for quantification measurement. The average recoveries of three different concentrations were from 80.2% to 94.5%. The limits of detection (LODs) were from 0.03 to 0.66 mg/kg (except chrysophanol 1.6 mg/kg). The linear dynamic range covered from 1 to 500 μg/L (except chrysophanol 50-5000 μg/L) for the twelve samples analyzed. Adulterants in four different kinds of slimming functional foods were determined by this developed method, and satisfactory results were obtained. These experimental results showed that, adulteration of sibutramine or/and fenfluramine were the major adulterating components with contents varying from 6.1 to 1.3×10(3) mg/kg and 1.9 to 9.7×10(3) mg/kg, respectively. In addition, three cathartic compounds were detected in six of those tested samples, and ephedrine, norpseudoephedrine and clopamide were not detected in all samples.     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查和确证纺织品中禁用的偶氮染料

建立了高效液相色谱-线性离子阱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)快速筛查确证纺织品中禁用的偶氮染料的方法。样品在柠檬酸缓冲液中由连二亚硫酸钠还原成芳香胺,经硅藻土提取柱净化后,用Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,以甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,高分辨质谱一级全扫描用于筛选分析,数据依赖扫描模式的二级碰撞诱导解离(CID)谱图用于确证,对纺织品样品中的偶氮染料进行定性鉴别。在0.05~2.00 mg/L范围内,21种致癌芳香胺的线性相关系数均大于0.99。通过实际样品的加标回收测定,回收率范围为65.5%~111.5%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.87%~2.49%。该方法的定量限可以达到0.08 mg/kg,可用于纺织品中禁用偶氮染料的实际检验工作。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的12种紫外吸收剂

建立了高效液相色谱同时测定化妆品中12种紫外吸收剂含量的方法。样品用甲醇提取,高速离心,过滤,以SB-C8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为分离色谱柱,甲醇和0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,以311 nm为检测波长进行定性、定量分析。该方法前处理简单、易操作,12种紫外吸收剂分离效果良好;在1.0～500 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,相关系数大于0.9995;方法检出限为0.002～0.1 mg/L;实际样品中的加标回收率为97.4%～107.5%,相对标准偏差为1.54%～4.98%。该方法简便、准确,能够满足化妆品中紫外吸收剂的检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱快速筛查确证化妆品中73种常见禁用物质

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF HRMS)同时快速筛查确证化妆品中73种常见禁用物质的方法。样品经饱和氯化钠溶液分散均匀后,采用含0.2%甲酸的乙腈溶液超声提取,50 mg PSA净化,以8000 r/min高速冷冻离心除脂,采用Waters Acquity HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)分离。采用多反应监测高分辨扫描模式(MRM HR),以保留时间、一级母离子精确质量数、同位素丰度比和二级子离子精确质量数实现化妆品中73种禁用物质的快速筛查和确证,基质匹配外标法定量。实验比较了不同提取溶剂、净化吸附剂、色谱条件和质谱扫描模式对73种禁用物质测定的影响,并考察了膏霜剂和水剂的基质效应。结果表明,73种禁用物质线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)>0.99;检出限为5~150 μg/kg;定量限为15~450 μg/kg;膏霜剂及水剂两种基质在3个加标水平下的回收率为60.3%~130.3%,日内、日间RSD分别为0.8%~10.0%(n=6)和1.1%~15.0%(n=3)。日常风险监测中检出磺胺甲基异噁唑、甲基泼尼松、林可霉素、对乙酰氨基酚、甲氧苄啶、阿法骨化醇、倍他米松戊酸酯、溴莫尼定、氯霉素、氯苯那敏、氯倍他索丙酸酯、克罗米通、益康唑、酮康唑、泼尼松醋酸酯和泼尼松,检出含量范围为0.5~1136.1 mg/kg。该方法准确、快速、简便,可用于化妆品中73种常见禁用物质的检测。     

Gelatinization properties of native starches and their Näegeli dextrins

Cassava, potato, sweet potato, and Peruvian carrot starches were hydrolyzed with 15% v/v sulfuric acid solution for up to 30 days. Näegeli dextrins obtained from 1, 3, 6, 12, and 30 days were evaluated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two phases of hydrolysis were found. The first phase was attributed to faster degradation of amorphous areas of granules, whereas the second phase corresponded to slower degradation of crystalline regions. Peruvian carrot starch was the most susceptible to acid, whereas potato and sweet potato starches were the most resistant. From DSC, it was observed a progressive reduction in peak height and a broadening of peaks with increasing hydrolysis time. The peaks shifted to higher temperatures. Onset temperature decreased on first day of hydrolysis for cassava and Peruvian carrot starches, and on third day for potato and sweet potato. Enthalpy decreased during first stage of hydrolysis in cassava and Peruvian carrot starches, and during second phase, it reduced in all starches. SEM showed that the granule surfaces were degraded by erosion on the first day of treatment, followed by degradation of amorphous areas. On third day, potato and sweet potato starches still displayed some granules almost intact, whereas cassava and Peruvian carrot starch granules were totally degraded, confirming their high susceptibility to acid attack. On sixth day of hydrolysis, starch granules had faceted structures, characteristic of crystalline material. The effect that acid hydrolysis had on thermal properties of starches depended on both hydrolysis stage and starch source.