Modulation and mechanism of ultrafast transient spectroscopy based on dimethylamino-carbaldehyde derivatives

Two dimethylamino-carbaldehyde derivatives with different π-bridge lengths were prepared, and their transient optical properties and photophysical mechanisms were investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and Z-scan measurements. Owing to the difference in molecular structures, the two compounds exhibit different populations of locally excited states and, therefore, they also produce different transient absorption spectra. After photoexcitation, both molecular materials exhibit a wide excited state absorption band from 450 nm to 1000 nm. Meanwhile, the excited state lifetimes are dramatically different, 2 ns and 100 ps, for the two molecules. A figure of merit greater than 2 at the wavelength of1000 nm is obtained. The results show that modulating the population of the locally excited states in this type of molecule can be a promising approach for obtaining optical switching and solar cell materials.     

Soliton mode-locked fiber laser with high-quality MBE-grown Bi_2Se_3 film

In this work, a soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL) with a high-quality molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)-grown topological insulator(TI) Bi_2Se_3 saturable absorber(SA) is reported. To fabricate the SA device, a 16-layer Bi_2Se_3 film was grown successfully on a 100 μm thick SiO_2 substrate and sandwiched directly between two fiber ferrules. The TI-SA had a saturable absorption of 1.12% and a saturable influence of 160 MW/cm~2.After inserting the TI-SA into the unidirectional ring-cavity EDFL, self-starting mode-locked soliton pulse trains were obtained at a fundamental repetition rate of 19.352 MHz. The output central wavelength, pulse energy,pulse duration, and signal to noise ratio of the radio frequency spectrum were 1530 nm,18.5 p J, 1.08 ps, and 60d Bm, respectively. These results demonstrate that the MBE technique could provide a controllable and repeatable method for the fabrication of identical high-quality TI-SAs, which is critically important for ultra-fast pulse generation.     

Acoustic plasmonics of Au grating/Bi_2Se_3 thin film/sapphire hybrid structures

The surface plasmon polaritons of the topological insulator Bi_2Se_3 can be excited by using etched grating or grave structures to compensate the wave vector mismatch of the incident photon and plasmon. Here, we demonstrate novel gold grating/Bi_2Se_3 thin film/sapphire hybrid structures, which allow the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating through nondestructive Bi_2Se_3 thin film with the help of gold diffractive gratings. Utilizing periodic Au surface structures,the momentum can be matched and the normal-incidence infrared reflectance spectra exhibit pronounced dips. When the width of the gold grating W(with a periodicity 2 W) increases from 400 nm to 1500 nm, the resonant frequencies are tuned from about 7000 cm~(-1) to 2500 cm~(-1). In contrast to the expected ■ dispersion for both massive and massless fermions,where q ～π/W is the wave vector, we observe a sound-like linear dispersion even at room temperature. This surface plasmon polaritons with linear dispersion are attributed to the unique noninvasive fabrication method and high mobility of topological surface electrons. This novel structure provides a promising application of Dirac plasmonics.     

Quantum oscillations and nontrivial transport in(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3

Quantum phase transition in topological insulators has drawn heightened attention in condensed matter physics and future device applications.Here we report the magnetotransport properties of single crystalline(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3.The average mobility of～1000 cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1)is obtained from the Lorentz law at the low field(3 T)up to 50 K.The quantum oscillations rise at a field of～5 T,revealing a high mobility of～1.4×10~4cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1)at 2 K.The Dirac surface state is evident by the nontrivial Berry phase in the Landau–Fan diagram.The properties make the(Bi_(0.92)In_(0.08))_2Se_3a promising platform for the investigation of quantum phase transition in topological insulators.     

Tunable microwave signal generation based on an Opto-DMD processor and a photonic crystal fiber

Frequency-tunable microwave signal generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode （SLM） erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a digital Opto-DMD processor and four-wave mixing （FWM） in a high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber （PCF）. The high-nonlinear PCF is employed for the generation of the FWM to obtain stable and uniform dual-wavelength oscillation. Two different short passive sub-ring cavities in the main ring cavity serve as mode filters to make SLM lasing. The two lasing wavelengths are electronically selected by loading different gratings on the Opto-DMD processor controlled with a computer. The wavelength spacing can be smartly adjusted from 0.165 nm to 1.08 nm within a tuning accuracy of 0.055 nm. Two microwave signals at 17.23 GHz and 27.47 GHz are achieved. The stability of the microwave signal is discussed. The system has the ability to generate a 137.36-GHz photonic millimeter signal at room temperature.     

Temperature Dependence of Dark Lines in Coherent Population Trapping

We measure the signal amplitude and linewidth of a dark line in coherent population trapping in the Rb vapour cell filled with mixed buffer gas N2 and Ar as a function of cell temperature. We find that the dark line signal amplitude increases with temperature up to a maximum at 49℃ and then drops at higher temperatures due to quenching effects of N2. The linewidth of the dark line remains basically constant, at 1080 Hz. We also measure the linewidth of the dark line as a function of laser intensity. The linewidth increases linearly with laser intensity. An intrinsic linewidth （FWHM=896 Hz at 3.4 GHz） of the Rb cell is obtained.     

Scalable fabrication of Bi_2O_2Se polycrystalline thin film for near-infrared optoelectronic devices applications

We present a controlled, stepwise formation of layered semiconductor Bi_2O_2 Se thin films prepared via the vapour process by annealing topological insulator Bi_2Se_3 thin films in low oxygen atmosphere for different reactions. Photodetectors based on Bi_2O_2 Se thin film show a responsivity of 1.7×10~4 A/W at a wavelength of 980 nm. Field-effect transistors based on Bi_2O_2 Se thin film exhibit n-type behavior and present a high electron mobility of 17 cm~2/V·s. In addition, the electrical properties of the devices after 4 months keeping in the air shows little change, implying outstanding air-stability of our Bi_2O_2 Se thin films. From the obtained results, it is evident that low oxygen annealing is a surprisingly effective method to fabricate Bi_2O_2 Se thin films for integrated optoelectronic applications.     

Numerical investigation on broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide suspended-core fibers

As_2S_3 and As_2Se_3 chalcogenide 3-bridges suspended-core fibers(SCFs) are designed with shifted zero-dispersion wavelengths(ZDWs) at around 1.5 μm, 2 μm, and 2.8 μm, respectively. A generalized nonlinear Schr ¨odinger equation is used to numerically compare supercontinuum(SC) generation in these SCFs pumped at an anomalous dispersion region nearby their ZDWs. Evolutions of the long-wavelength edge(LWE), the power proportion in the long-wavelength region(PPL), and spectral flatness(SF) are calculated and analyzed. Meanwhile, the optimal pump parameters and fiber length are given with LWE, PPL, and SF taken into account. For As_2S_3 SCFs, SC from a 14 mm-long fiber with a ZDW of 2825 nm pumped at 2870 nm can achieve the longest LWE of ～ 13 μm and PPL up to ～72%. For As_2Se_3 SCFs, the LWE of 15.5 μm and the highest PPL of ～ 87% can be achieved in a 10 mm-long fiber with ZDW of 1982 nm pumped at 2000 nm. Although the As_2Se_3 SCFs can achieve much longer LWE than the As_2S_3 SCFs, the core diameter of As_2Se_3 SCFs will be much smaller to obtain a similar ZDW, leading to lower damage threshold and output power. Finally, the optimal parameters for generating SC spanning over different mid-IR windows are given.     

Paraconductivity study in ErBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-δ)(M=Zn,Fe) superconductors

We report here the paraconductivity of ErBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-δ)(M=Zn, Fe) superconductors.The logarithmic plots of excess conductivityσand reduced temperatureCreveal two different exponents corresponding to crossover temperature as a result of shifting the order parameter from 2 to 3.The first exponent in the normal field region is close to1,in which the order parameter dimensionality(OPD)is 2.The second exponent in the critical field region is close to 0.5,in which the OPD is 3.The coherence length,interlayer coupling,interlayer separation and carrier concentration decrease with increasing doping content,and their values for Fe samples are different from those of Zn samples.While anisotropy is increased with increasing doping content,it is generally higher for a Zn sample than that for an Fe sample.We also estimate several physical parameters such as upper critical magnetic fields in the a–b plane and along the c axis(Baband Bc),and critical current density J at 0 K.Although Baband Bcare generally increased with doping content increasing,the value of Babis found to be twice more than that of Bc.A similar behavior is obtained for J(0 K)and its value is higher in the Fe sample than that in the Zn sample.These results are discussed in terms of oxygen deficiency,localization of carriers,and flux pinning,which are produced by doping.     

Constituent quark number scaling from strange hadron spectra in pp collisions at ■=13 TeV

We show that the p_T spectra of Ω~- and φ at midrapidity in the inelastic events in pp collisions at ■=13 TeV exhibit a constituent quark number scaling property,which is a clear signal of quark combination mechanism at hadronization.We use a quark combination model with equal velocity combination approximation to systematically study the production of identified hadrons in pp collisions at ■=13 TeV.The midrapidity spectra for protons,∧,Ξ~-,Ω~-,φ and K~* in the inelastic events are simultaneously fitted by the model.The multiplicity dependence of the yields of these hadrons are also well understood.The strong p_T dependence of the p/φ ratio is well explained by the model,which further suggests that the production of two hadrons with similar masses is determined by their quark content at hadronization.The p_T spectra of strange hadrons at midrapidity in different multiplicity classes in pp collisions at ■=13 TeV are predicted for further tests of the model.The midrapidity p_T spectra of soft (p_T 2 GeV/c)strange quarks and up/down quarks at hadronization in pp collisions at ■=13 TeV are extracted.     

Tunable femtosecond near-infrared source based on a Yb:LYSO-laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator

We demonstrate a widely tunable near-infrared source from 767 nm to 874 nm generated by the intracavity second harmonic generation(SHG) in an optical parametric oscillator pumped by a Yb:LYSO solid-state laser. The home-made Yb:LYSO oscillator centered at 1035 nm delivers an average power of 2 W and a pulse duration as short as 351 fs. Two Mg O doped periodically poled lithium niobates(Mg O:PPLN) with grating periods of 28.5–31.5 μm in steps of 0.5 μm and19.5–21.3 μm in steps of 0.2 μm are used for the OPO and intracavity SHG, respectively. The maximum average output power of 180 m W at 798 nm was obtained and the output pulses have pulse duration of 313 fs at 792 nm if a sech2-pulse shape was assumed. In addition, tunable signal femtosecond pulses from 1428 nm to 1763 nm are also realized with the maximum average power of 355 m W at 1628 nm.     

Application of time reversal in underwater communication

Time reversal is applied to the underwater spreading spectrum coding communication. On the base of analyzing the focusing characteristics of the time reversal in underwater waveguide, the time reversal is studied to overcome the wave distortion of the encoded signal caused by the multi-path effect. The experiment research for underwater coding communication is carried out in a lab water tank and the corresponding theoretical analysis is also conducted by Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) encoding and Barker code with 7 chips for the spreading spectrum signal. The results show that the time reversal can improve the focusing gain and increase the ratio of the principal to the second lobe of the coding signal, and can decrease the bit error rate and increase the communication distance.     

Active Loss of Light Yield of PbWO4：Y Scintillation Crystals After Irradiation

PWO crystals doped with yttrium were grown with the Bridgman method in platinum crucible and by using an indigenously developed resistive heating furnace. After an exposure of γ-ray from a ^60Co source, with the dose rate of lS rad/h for 20h, the light output increases for about 15%, accompanied with vanishing of an optical absorption band at 420 nm. The excitation and emission spectra of PWO crystals were measured before and after irradiation with different dose rates. The optical absorption band at 420nm was also found in the PWO sample annealed in oxygen-rlch atmosphere. It is suggested that the absorption band at 42Onm is related to Pb^3 point defects existing in the PWO crystal. The unusual change of light output after irradiation probably results from the transformation of lead ions from Pb^3 to Pb^2 .     

Searches for Dark Matter via Mono-W Production in Inert Doublet Model at the LHC

The Inert Doublet Model(IDM) is one of the many beyond Standard Model scenarios with an extended scalar sector, which provide a suitable dark matter particle candidate. Dark matter associated visible particle production at high energy colliders provides a unique way to determine the microscopic properties of the dark matter particle. In this paper, we investigate that the mono-W + missing transverse energy production at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC),where W boson decay to a lepton and a neutrino. We perform the analysis for the signal of mono-W production in the IDM and the Standard Model(SM) backgrounds, and the optimized criteria employing suitable cuts are chosen in kinematic variables to maximize signal significance. We also investigate the discovery potential in several benchmark scenarios at the 14 TeV LHC. When the light Z_2 odd scalar higgs of mass is about 65 GeV, charged Higgs is in the mass range from 120 GeV to 250 GeV, it provides the best possibility with a signal significance of about 3σ at an integrated luminosity of about 3000 fb~(-1).     

Optical Transient Relaxation of an Ag—BaO Composite Thin Film with a Supercontinuum Probe

The optical transient absorption spectra of an Ag-BaO thin film have been detected at a wavelength ranging from 400nm to 1000nm using the pump supercontinuum probe technique with a resolution of 130fs.We have observed the optical ultrafast relaxation,in which the electrons near the Fermi level of Ag nanoparticles were excited to a non-equilibrium state and then returned to an equilibrium state.The decay time was exponentially fitted and varied from 0.67ps to 4ps for different components of the supercontinuum probe.The peak of an unoccupied state for silver at level X‘4 was estimated to be 1.47eV above the Fermi level.     

Scaling of the flow field in a combustion chamber with agas——gas injector

The scaling of the flowfield in a gas--gas combustion chamber is investigated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. To obtain the scaling criterion of the gas--gas combustion flowfield, formulation analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) Navier--Stokes equations for a gaseous multi-component mixing reaction flow is conducted and dimensional analysis on the gas--gas combustion phenomena is also carried out. The criterion implies that the size and the pressure of the gas--gas combustion chamber can be changed. Based on the criterion, multi-element injector chambers with different geometric sizes and at different chamber pressures ranging from 3~MPa to 20~MPa are numerically simulated. A multi-element injector chamber is designed and hot-fire tested at five chamber pressures from 1.64~MPa to 3.68~MPa. Wall temperature measurements are used to understand the similarity of combustion flowfields in the tests. The results have verified the similarities between combustion flowfields under different chamber pressures and geometries, with the criterion applied.     

All-optical switching and nonlinear optical properties of HBT in ethanol solution

This paper demonstrates an all-optical switching model system comprising a single pulsed pump beam at 355 nm and a CW He--Ne signal beam at 632.8 nm with 2-(2^\prime -hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) in ethanol solution. The origins of the optical switching effect were discussed. By the study of nonlinear optical properties for HBT in ethanol solvent, this paper verified that the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect of HBT and the thermal effect of solvent worked on quite different time scales and together induced the change of the refractive index of HBT solution, leading to the signal beam deflection. The results indicated that the HBT molecule could be an excellent candidate for high-speed and high-sensitive optical switching devices.     

Optimum Nanoporous TiO2 Film and Its Application to Dye—sensitized Solar Cells

Properties of TiO2 nanoporous films, which are one of the crucial technologies in dye-sensitized solar cell, are investigated. The nanocrystalline TiO2 films were prepared with the sol-gel method at different pH in precursor and treatment temperature in autoclave for their application to dye-sensitized solar cells. The thickness of the TiO2 film is very important to the transfer of photoelectron as well as adsorption of dye, it is also known as one of the source to the dark current. The results show that the TiO2 films, such as different particle sizes of TiO2, different pH in precursor and treatment temperature in autoclave, have a strong influence on the photoelectrochemical properties of the dye-sensitized solar cells. We give the optimum TiO2 film thickness and morphology for the application to dye-sensitized solar cells.     

Digital synthesis of programmable photonic integrated circuits

Programmable photonic waveguide meshes can be programmed into many different circuit topologies and thereby provide a variety of functions.Due to the complexity of the signal routing in a general mesh,a particular synthesis algorithm often only accounts for a specific function with a specific cell configuration.In this paper,we try to synthesize the programmable waveguide mesh to support multiple configurations with a more general digital signal processing platform.To show the feasibility of this technique,photonic waveguide meshes in different configurations(square,triangular and hexagonal meshes)are designed to realize optical signal interleaving with arbitrary duty cycles.The digital signal processing(DSP)approach offers an effective pathway for the establishment of a general design platform for the software-defined programmable photonic integrated circuits.The use of well-developed DSP techniques and algorithms establishes a link between optical and electrical signals and makes it convenient to realize the computer-aided design of optics–electronics hybrid systems.     

A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTION OF NORMAL MODE

A simplified method for filtering normal mode in shallow water has been developed.During theexperiment a single hydrophone,placed at different depths,was used to receive the explosive signals at acertain distance.In the laboratory the received signals were filtered in 1/1-octave band centred at a higherfrequency(8 kHz)and in 1/3-octave band centred at several lower frequencies(<800 Hz),and the high-frequency signal was used as the trigger to start sampling the signals at lower frequencies.The theoreticalcalculation and the experimental results showed that for these lower frequencies the depth dependence of thesignals received at different depths by the single hydrophone was similar to the results received by using avertical hydrophone array.And the filtering of the first two modes has been realized by adding the signalsreceived at different depths with the weighting coefficients determined according to the modeeigenfunctions or their signs at the corresponding depths.