引入n型InGaN/GaN超晶格层提高量子阱特性研究

利用金属有机物化学气相淀积技术在蓝宝石衬底上生长了InGaN/GaN量子阱结构. 研究了引入n型InGaN薄层或InGaN/GaN超晶格层的量子阱特性,结果表明通过引入n型InGaN薄层或InGaN/GaN超晶格层缓解了量子阱有源区中的应力,改善了多量子阱表面形貌,减少了V型缺陷密度,而且提高了多量子阱的光致发光强度,从而也改进了LED的发光效率. 关键词： InGaN/GaN多量子阱 原子力显微镜 X射线双晶衍射 光致发光     

侧向外延生长GaN的结构特性

研究了在刻有图形的GaN"衬底”上用HVPE方法侧向外延生长(ELO)GaN的结构特性.在SiO2衬底上侧向外延生长GaN已经实现,并得到了平面的ELO GaN薄膜.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电微镜和原子力显微镜技术研究了这种ELO GaN材料的结构和表面形貌.原子力显微镜图像表明:在ELO范围中的4μm2面积上不存在明显的阶状形貌.透射电子显微镜的观测表明在ELO范围内位错密度很低.在接合的界面上没观察到有空隙存在.但观测到晶格的弯曲高达3.3°,这被归因为由GaN层下的"籽层”和接合界面处的水平倾料和猝灭所产生的螺旋位错的积聚.     

MOCVD生长InGaN/AlGaN双异质结构与GaN过渡层的工艺与特性

评述利用MOCVD技术在α-Al2O3衬底上生长GaN薄膜及InGaN／A1GaN双异质结(DH)结构的工艺与特性;从表面动力学观点着重讨论了GaN过渡层MOCVD生长条件(温度、气流束源等)对表面形貌、结晶形态、掺杂及其光电性能的影响。分析表明,GaN薄膜生长速率主要依赖于反应炉温度,气流束源摩尔流量速率。若生长温度太高,引起PL发光谱峰向长波侧移动;GaN缓冲层生长温度必须控制在550℃。高的V／Ⅲ双气束流比率能够抑制GaN发光谱中550nm辐射峰产生。为了获得高质量p-A1GaN、GaN层,控制生长温度和以Cp2Mg为杂质源的Mg受主掺杂量,并在N2气氛中800℃快速退火,有助于提高InGaN／AlGaN双异质结辐射复合效率。     

GaN基量子阱的激子跃迁和光学性质

采用光致发光谱、光致发光激发谱以及拉曼光谱对GaN基量子阱材料进行了实验观察和分析 .实验结果表明样品中量子点结构不均匀及InGaN层中In成分分布不均匀 ,且其光致发光谱的波峰是由自由激子辐射复合发光引起的 .同时由室温下InGaN/GaN量子阱的拉曼谱可得知InGaN/GaN多量子阱的结构特征     

InAs/GaAs柱形岛的制备及特性研究

利用固源分子束外延（MBE）的方法经SK模式自组装生长由多层InAs／GaAs量子点组成的柱形岛.具体分析了GaAs间隔层厚度，生长停顿时间以及InAs淀积量对发光峰波长的影响.原子力显微镜（AFM）结果显示柱形岛表面的形状和尺寸都比较均匀；室温下不同高度的柱形岛样品的发光波长分别达到1.32和1.4μm，而单层量子点的发光波长仅为1.1μm，充分说明了量子点高度对发光波长的决定性影响，这为调节量子点发光波长提供了一种直观且行之有效的方法. 关键词： 柱形岛 生长停顿 间隔层厚度 PL谱     

金属有机化学气相沉积外延技术生长GaN基半导体发光二极管和激光二极管(Ⅱ)

如今，InGaN／GaN基量子阱发光二极管已经商业化，而且InGaN／GaN基量子阱激光二极管已实现连续波室温运转，使用寿命超过10000小时，虽然如此，但还没有完全搞清楚这些器件的发光机理．试验中通常使用连续输出He-Cd激光器（325nm）作光源，或者使用20—50mA注入电流来研究In—GaN量子阱样品或发光二极管光学性质，本文上篇研究了量子阱厚度与发光二极管发光功率的关系，lnGaN和GaN之间的晶格失配产生压电场，从而导致量子束缚斯塔克效应，而量子束缚斯塔克效应强     

钝化低温法生长多层InGaN量子点的结构和光学特性

采用一种新方法生长多层InGaN/GaN量子点,研究所生长样品的结构和光学特性。该方法采用了低温生长和钝化工艺,所以称之为钝化低温法。第一层InGaN量子点的尺寸平均宽度40nm,高度15nm,量子点密度为6.3×10¹⁰/cm²。随着层数的增加,量子点的尺寸也逐渐增大。在样品的PL谱测试中,观察到在In(Ga)As材料系中普遍观察到的量子点发光的温度特性---超长红移现象。它们的光学特性表明:采用钝化低温法生长的纳米结构中存在零维量子限制效应。     

利用选择性外延法生长单芯片双波长白光InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构

为了制备单芯片无荧光粉白光InGaN/GaN多量子阱发光结构,利用选择性外延生长法在SiO2条纹掩膜板上生长出具有梯形形貌的GaN微面结构,并在该GaN微面结构上生长InGaN/GaN多量子阱结构,最终在单芯片上获得了双波长发光.结果表明:梯形GaN微面由(0001)和(11-22)面组成,两者的表面能和极性不同,并且在InGaN/GaN多量子阱生长过程中,In原子和Ga原子迁移速率不同,从而使得(0001)和(11-22)面上的多量子阱具有不同的发光波长;该性质可以使(11-22)面的微面量子阱发出蓝光(峰值波长为420nm),而(0001)面的量子阱发出黄光(峰值波长为525nm),最终形成双波长的复合白光外延结构.     

不同盖层对InAs/GaAs量子点结构和光学性质的影响

利用金属有机化合物气相沉积设备生长了不同盖层结构的InAs/GaAs量子点,采用原子力显微镜和光致发光光谱仪对量子点的结构和光学性质进行了研究.量子点层之间的盖层由一个低温层和一个高温层组成.对不同材料结构的低温盖层的对比研究表明,In组分渐变的InGaAs低温盖层有利于改善量子点均匀性、减少结合岛数目、提高光致发光强度;当组分渐变InGaAs低温盖层厚度由6.8 nm增加到12 nm,发光波长从1256.0 nm红移到1314.4 nm.另外,还对不同材料结构的高温盖层进行了对比分析,发现高温盖层采用In组分渐变的InGaAs材料有利于光致发光谱强度的提高. 关键词： 半导体量子点 盖层 组分渐变     

硅衬底生长的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱中δ型硅掺杂n-GaN层对载流子复合过程的调节作用

为了解决在单晶硅衬底上生长的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱发光二极管器件发光效率显著降低的问题,使用周期性δ型Si掺杂的GaN取代Si均匀掺杂的GaN作为n型层释放多层界面间的张应力。采用稳态荧光谱及时间分辨荧光谱测量,提取并分析了使用该方案前后的多层量子阱中辐射/非辐射复合速率随温度（10~300 K）的变化规律。实验结果表明引入δ-Si掺杂的n-GaN层后,非辐射复合平均激活能由（18±3）meV升高到（38±10）meV,对应非辐射复合速率随温度升高而上升的趋势变缓,室温下非辐射复合速率下降,体系中与阱宽涨落有关的浅能级复合中心浓度减小,PL峰位由531 nm左右红移至579 nm左右,样品PL效率随温度的衰减受到抑制。使用周期性δ型Si掺杂的GaN取代Si均匀掺杂的GaN作为生长在Si衬底上的InGaN/GaN多层量子阱LED器件n型层,由于应力释放,降低了多层量子阱与n-GaN界面、InGaN/GaN界面的缺陷密度,使得器件性能得到了改善。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.