Y2Ba1Cu1O5-δ掺杂对Y1Ba2Cu3O7-δ的超导电性及其晶格结构的影响

本文采用固相反应法成功制备出一系列Y123与Y211的摩尔比为1：x（x=0、0．14、0．27、0．3、0．35、0．4、0．45、0．47、0．5、0．8、1．18）的样品．实验结果表明：在0．35≤x≤0．5范围内,Y123的起始转变温度Tonset临界转变温度Tc以及转变宽度△Tc都在x=0．47出现了拐点,这...     

Ba0.97Ce0.8Ho0.2O3-α陶瓷的离子导电性及其燃料电池性能

用高温固相反应法制备了Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α钙钛矿型氧化物固溶体,粉末X射线衍射表明,该固溶体为单相．研究了样品在高温下的离子导电性以及氢-空气燃料电池性能,并与BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α进行比较．结果表明,在潮湿氢气中、600-1000℃,BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α几乎表现为纯的质子导电性;在600-900℃时质子迁移数为1;在1000℃时质子的迁移数为0．99,与BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α相同;在600-700℃时Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α也显示了纯的质子导电性,其质子迁移数为1;但在800-1000℃时Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α的质子迁移数为0．99-0．96,质子导电性略低于BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α．在潮湿的空气中、600-1000℃下,这两个样品均显示了较低的质子和氧离子导电性,Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α的质子和氧离子的迁移数分别为0．01- 0．11、0．30-0．31,BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α的质子和氧离子迁移数则分别为0．01-0．09、0．27-0．33．在潮湿氢气和空气中,Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α的电导率均高于BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α．以Ba0．97Ce0．8Ho0．2O3-α为固体电解质的氢-空气燃料电池的性能高于BaCe0．8Ho0．2O3-α,在1000℃时,前者燃料电池的最大电流密度和功率密度分别为465 mA／cm2和112 mW／cm2．     

高压对大块（PrNd）xAl0．6Nb0．5Cu0．15B1．05Fe97．7-x合金微观结构和性能的影响冰

经配料、熔炼、制粉、成型和烧结后制备了（PrNd）xAl0．6Nb0．5Cu0．15B1．05Fe97．7-x（质量百分比）合金,将该合金分别采用1．5GPa和3．0GPa的压强进行压制,研究了此高压对其显微结构和磁性能的影响．分析发现,该块状合金承受的压强越高,其外观和微观结构破坏越严重,抗弯强度也会降低,但高温抗氧化性能却有一定程度的提高．与没有经过高压处理的磁体相比,经过1．5GPa和3．0GPa高压的样品最大磁能积分别提高了7．69kJ．m^-1和0．94kJ．m^-1,剩余磁通密度分别提高了0．02T和0．01L内禀矫顽力分别提高了20．06kA．m-1和30．33kA．m^-1．结果表明,高压对块状NdFeB烧结磁体的显微结构和力学性能及磁性能均有一定的影响．     

非掺杂半绝缘LECGaAs的光电流谱

研究了非掺杂半绝缘ＬＥＣＧａＡｓ的非本征室温（３００Ｋ）光电流谱,在０．４－０．７０９ｅＶ范围发现了一个光响应响应宽带Ｍ１。Ｍ１带在０．４６、０．４９、０．５６、０．６５和０．６９ｅＶ处出现五个峰,其中０．４６、０．４９、０．５６和０．６９ｅＶ峰的起始阈值分别为０．４４、０．４７、０．５１和０．６７ｅＶ。本文讨论了Ｍ１带的起源,提出了０．４４、０．４７和０．５１ｅＶ光电阈值与铜受主,ＥＬ３和氧施主     

双掺杂La0.67+1.33xSr0.33-1.33xMn1-xMgxO3体系的磁性和输运行为

用标准的固相反应法制备了双掺杂La0.67 1．33xSr0．33-1．33xMn1-xMgxO3(x=0．00,0．05,0．10,0．15,0．20,0．25)多晶样品,研究了它们的磁性和输运行为。对x=0．10和0．15,在温度高于Tc^cnset时出现相分离;对x=0．20和0．25,在低温区出现反铁磁行为。低掺杂样品ρ-T关系存在金属．绝缘体相变,高掺杂样品在测量温区内仅显示绝缘体行为。这些奇异现象用M-H关系、ESR曲线和拉曼光谱给予了很好的解释。     

BaF2替代BaO 对钡镓锗酸盐玻璃光学性质的影响

在摩尔分数组成x(BaO),r(Ga2O),r(GeO2)为0．20,0．15,0．65的玻璃中,分别以摩尔分数0．05,0．10．0．15和0．20的BaF2替代BaO,研究了氟化物对玻璃折射率和光吸收性质的影响。结果表明,在玻璃中加入氟化物．玻璃折射率和色散降低,玻璃的紫外吸收边向短波侧迁移,而红外吸收边无明显变化。不含氟化物的氧化物玻璃中含有大量的OH基．这些OH基在2．24μm、2．97μm和4．23μm附近引起光吸收．在含氟化物的玻璃中,2．24μm的吸收峰消失,而2．97μm和4．23μm附近的吸收大大减弱。讨论了各OH基吸收峰的起源,利用计算机技术对2．97μm附近的OH基吸收峰进行了高斯峰分离。玻璃在2．24μm的弱吸收可能来自H2O分子的一个伸缩模和两个振动模的结合(p 2ρ)．4．23μm吸收带是由与非桥O形成强氢键的OH基(T-OH…O^--T)伸缩振动引起,而中心位于2．7～3．2μm的OH吸收带为受不同程度氢键影响的OH基伸缩振动吸收．这些吸收带叠加导致OH吸收带出现非对称性加宽,吸收中心随玻璃中OH含量不同发生移动。     

内耗研究的历史评述

通过介绍几位在内耗领域的先驱研究者：C．Zener，葛庭燧，P．G．Bordoni，J．L．Snoek，评述了内耗研究的进展．也介绍了日本研究者的相关工作。     

Pr0．45（Ca1-xSrx）0．55MnO3体系调带宽引起的磁相变及电输运性质转变

采用固相法制备了Pr0．45（Ca1-xSrx）0．55MnO3（x=0．0,0．2,0．4,0．6,0．8,1．0）多晶样品．通过测量样品的X射线衍射（XRD）谱、磁化强度-温度（M～T）曲线、电阻率-温度（ρ～T）曲线,研究了Sr^2＋替代Ca^2＋对Pr0．45Ca0．55MnO3体系磁性和电性的影响．实验发现：...     

液晶及其应用

 液晶是１８８８年由奥地利的Ｆ．Ｒｅｉｎｉｔｚｅｒ发现的．他把各向同性的胆甾醇苯酸酯晶体加热到１４５．５℃时,它熔融成为各向异性的混浊液体．继续升温到１７８．５℃,混浊液体突然变为清亮的液体．这个由混浊到清亮的过程是可逆的．这说明在各向同性的国相和各向同性的液相之间存在着一个各向异性的液态中介相．把这个各向异性的液态中介相叫做液晶相．凡是能出现液晶相的物体统称为液晶．混浊的胆甾醇苯酸酯液体就是一种液晶．由于液晶具有各向异性而且是液态,所以液晶必然是由各向异性的分子构成,而且分子倾向于定向排列．各向同性分子构成的液态是不可能出现各向异性的．液晶分子有棒形,盘形和碗形三种形状．     

Mn掺杂LiFeP04的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,计算了不同Mn掺杂浓度LiFel-xMn。P04（X=0,0．25,0．50,0．75）的电子结构．同时采用流变相辅助高温固相碳热还原法制备了LiFel-xMn。P04@=0,0．25,O．50,0．75）材料．理论计算表明：LiFeP04具有Eg=O．725eV的带隙宽度,为半导体材料．通过Fe位掺杂25％的Mn离子可最大程度地减小材料带隙宽度、降低Fe-0键及Li-O键键能,进而提高材料的电子电导率及锂离子扩散速率．实验结果亦表明,当Mn掺杂量0=0．25时,材料具有最优的电化学性能,其具有约为158mAh．g。的放电比容量以及551Wh．kg0的能量密度．理论计算与实验结果非常符合．     

杆的离散系统的某些混合型振动反问题

研究杆的离散系统的混合型振动反问题,即由给定的部分频谱数据和部分模态数据构造一个杆的离散系统的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵.提出3个此类反问题,给出反问题的解法,讨论反问题的解的存在条件,给出相应的计算实例,并分析这类反问题的潜在价值.     

高分辨率间断有限元方法

间断有限元方法是集高分辨率有限差分方法和有限体积方法的优点发展起来的一种数值方法,在计算流体动力学问题上显示了优良的效能.利用守恒问题给出间断有限元方法的基本概念和过程,利用简单算例给出该方法的精度分析和限制器对精度的影响,并给出浅水波问题、交通流问题和波传播问题的数值模拟结果,进一步,综合评介该方法在椭圆、抛物、对流扩散、Hamilton-Jacobi方程、Navier-Stokes方程等的实际应用进展.     

迈克尔逊干涉仪实验中的三个问题

本文对在大学物理实验迈克尔逊干涉仪调节和使用题目中被教师忽略却常被学生提出的三个问题进行了细致分析和讨论，并给出了解决建议。     

Multiscale finite-volume method for parabolic problems arising from compressible multiphase flow in porous media

The multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) method was originally developed for the solution of heterogeneous elliptic problems with reduced computational cost. Recently, some extensions of this method for parabolic problems have been proposed. These extensions proved effective for many cases, however, they are neither general nor completely satisfactory. For instance, they are not suitable for correctly capturing the transient behavior described by the parabolic pressure equation. In this paper, we present a general multiscale finite-volume method for parabolic problems arising, for example, from compressible multiphase flow in porous media. Opposed to previous methods, here, the basis and correction functions are solutions of full parabolic governing equations in localized domains. At the same time, to enhance the computational efficiency of the scheme, the basis functions are kept pressure independent and do not have to be recalculated as pressure evolves. This general approach requires no additional assumptions and its good efficiency and high accuracy is demonstrated for various challenging test cases. Finally, to improve the quality of the results and also to extend the scheme for highly anisotropic heterogeneous problems, it is combined with the iterative MSFV (i-MSFV) method for parabolic problems. As one iterates, the i-MSFV solutions of compressible multiphase problems (parabolic problems) converge to the corresponding fine-scale reference solutions in the same way as demonstrated recently for incompressible cases (elliptic problems). Therefore, the proposed MSFV method can also be regarded as an efficient linear solver for parabolic problems and studies of its efficiency are presented for many test cases.     

Singular solutions of contact problems and block elements

In this work, we consider mixed problems of elasticity theory, in particular, contact problems for cases that are nontraditional. They include mixed problems with discontinuous boundary conditions in which the singularities in the behavior of contact stresses are not studied or the energy of the singularities is unbounded. An example of such mixed problems is contact problems for two rigid stamps approaching each other by rectilinear boundaries up to contact but not merging into one stamp. It has been shown that such problems, which appear in seismology, failure theory, and civil engineering, have singular components with unbounded energy and can be solved by topological methods with pointwise convergence, in particular, by the block element method. Numerical methods that are based on using the energy integral are not applicable to such problems in view of its divergence.     

A method for stochastic constrained optimization using derivative-free surrogate pattern search and collocation

Recent advances in coupling novel optimization methods to large-scale computing problems have opened the door to tackling a diverse set of physically realistic engineering design problems. A large computational overhead is associated with computing the cost function for most practical problems involving complex physical phenomena. Such problems are also plagued with uncertainties in a diverse set of parameters. We present a novel stochastic derivative-free optimization approach for tackling such problems. Our method extends the previously developed surrogate management framework (SMF) to allow for uncertainties in both simulation parameters and design variables. The stochastic collocation scheme is employed for stochastic variables whereas Kriging based surrogate functions are employed for the cost function. This approach is tested on four numerical optimization problems and is shown to have significant improvement in efficiency over traditional Monte-Carlo schemes. Problems with multiple probabilistic constraints are also discussed.     

Consensus analysis and design for high-order linear swarm systems with time-varying delays

Consensus analysis and design problems for high-order linear time-invariant swarm systems with time-varying delays are dealt with. First, a consensus subspace and a complement consensus subspace are introduced. By the state projection onto the two subspaces, consensus problems are converted into simultaneous stabilization problems of multiple time-delayed subsystems with low dimensions, and a method to analyze and design the consensus function is given. Then, sufficient conditions for consensus and consensualization are presented, which include only four linear matrix inequality constraints. Finally, theoretical results are applied to deal with cooperative control problems of multi-agent supporting systems.     

Canonical solutions of variational problems and canonical equations of mechanics

The canonical (non-parametric) solutions of the variational problems for integral functionals are considered and the canonical solutions of variational problems of mechanics in Minkowski spaces are derived. By combining the variational principles of least action, flow, and hyperflow canonically invariant equations for the energy-momentum variable are obtained. From these equations the equations for the action and wave functions as a general solution of the combined variational problems of mechanics are derived. These equations are applicable for describing different types of particles and interactions and are summarized within the approach of general relativity.     

对四类泻流问题的深入研究

对热学中的4类泻流问题进行了详细的计算,并对结果进行了分析讨论.恒温的泻流问题有解析的解,而绝热泻流问题往往受限于数学知识只能得到数值的结果;同时本文也对泻流的近平衡态条件进行了大致的分析.这些将有助于广大师生对于泻流问题的全面认识.     

A new complex variable meshless method for transient heat conduction problems

<正>In this paper,based on the improved complex variable moving least-square(ICVMLS) approximation,a new complex variable meshless method(CVMM) for two-dimensional(2D) transient heat conduction problems is presented. The variational method is employed to obtain the discrete equations,and the essential boundary conditions are imposed by the penalty method.As the transient heat conduction problems are related to time,the Crank-Nicolson difference scheme for two-point boundary value problems is selected for the time discretization.Then the corresponding formulae of the CVMM for 2D heat conduction problems are obtained.In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method,numerical examples are given to show the high convergence rate,good accuracy,and high efficiency of the CVMM presented in this paper.