Ag掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的制备及高压相变拉曼光谱研究

宽禁带直接带隙半导体材料氧化锌（ZnO）,具有优异的光电性能、机械性能和化学特性。ZnO材料的结构对其性能影响较大,元素掺杂可改变ZnO晶体结构和带隙宽度,是提升ZnO材料性能的有效手段,当前常用Ag掺杂ZnO即为提高光催化反应效率。高压独立于温度、成分,是调控材料结构组织性能的重要手段,是产生新材料、发现新调控原理的重要因素。该研究通过对比纯ZnO晶体和Ag掺杂ZnO晶体的高压相变行为,揭示了元素掺杂对ZnO纳米晶体材料结构性能的影响。研究首先采用水热法辅助制备纯ZnO纳米微球和Ag掺杂ZnO纳米微球（1∶150Ag/ZnO）,表征结果显示水热法合成的纯ZnO和1∶150Ag/ZnO均为六角纤锌矿晶体结构,形貌均为几十纳米尺寸小颗粒堆积形成的微球,ZnO晶格常数随着Ag离子掺杂而变大,Ag掺杂导致ZnO晶格膨胀。随后应用金刚石压腔结合原位拉曼光谱技术测定了纯ZnO和Ag掺杂ZnO的高压结构相变行为。相比于纯ZnO拉曼峰,Ag掺杂ZnO的E₂（high）振动模式439 cm-1拉曼峰峰宽变窄,并呈现向低频方向移动的趋势,与无定形ZnO谱峰相近,表明Ag+取代Zn2+影响了Zn-O键,同时也影响了ZnO晶格结构的长程有序性。随体系压力增大,表征六角纤锌矿结构ZnO的拉曼特征峰439 cm-1出现瞬间弱化和宽化。压力增大至9.0 GPa时,纤锌矿结构ZnO拉曼特征峰439 cm-1消失,585 cm-1处出现新峰,ZnO晶体发生由六角纤锌矿向岩盐矿的结构转变。压力继续增大至11.5 GPa,新的拉曼峰显著增强,峰形变窄,同时向高波数方向移动,相变完成,岩盐矿结构ZnO性能稳定。1∶150 Ag/ZnO从六角纤锌矿结构到立方岩盐结构的相变压力为7.2 GPa,低于纯ZnO。相变压力降低表明晶体结构稳定性下降,可能的原因在于掺杂Ag导致ZnO晶格膨胀,晶体结构松弛,两相相对体积变化增加,从而导致相变势垒降低,使样品在较低压力下发生相变。纳米材料的高压研究揭示了元素掺杂对材料结构稳定性的影响,是纳米材料调控原理的潜在研究手段。     

还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸拉曼光谱研究

还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)在维持细胞生长、分化、能量代谢以及细胞保护方面起着非常重要的作用,NADH的无创在体检测具有非常重要的意义。运用激光拉曼散射实验和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了200～3 300 cm-1光谱范围内NADH分子的振动模式特性。DFT计算采用了B3LYP杂化方法,并选用了极化6-311+G(d,p)基组。为了准确的分析NADH分子的振动模式和频率,首先运用B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)理论对NADH分子的基态结构进行了几何优化,并计算了基态结构NADH分子的各个键长和键角。同时考虑到DFT计算中的非谐性,运用波数线性标度方法对所有计算所得振动模式波数重新进行了标度。重新标度后,DFT计算所得的振动模式波数与激光拉曼散射实验观测到的拉曼峰波数吻合的很好：在200～3 300 cm-1整个光谱范围内,计算与实验结果具有非常好的线性相关性,而且大部分振动模式的计算与实验之间的偏差都小于5 cm-1。此外,讨论了实验观察所得拉曼光谱的分子振动模式归属,分析了NADH分子中腺嘌呤、烟酰胺、及二核苷酸的特征振动模式,并初步提出了运用拉曼光谱实现NADH快速准确无创在体检测的方法。位于732 cm-1处的拉曼峰是腺嘌呤的特征振动模式,而且可以选为检测NADH分子的最特征拉曼峰。位于1 690 cm-1处的拉曼峰是烟酰胺的特征振动模式,可以选为进一步准确检测NADH分子的另一个特征拉曼峰。位于1 086和1 339 cm-1两处拉曼峰的组合可以作为二核苷酸的特征振动模式,用于进一步更准确的检测NADH分子。所以在运用拉曼光谱法实现NADH快速准确无创在体检测时,可以首先运用位于732 cm-1处NADH分子的最特征振动模式进行快速检测,然后再运用位于1 690 cm-1及1 086和1 339 cm-1组合等特征振动模式进行准确分析。     

不同磁场下退火的纳米BiFeO3颗粒的拉曼散射研究

对不同外磁场强度(B = 0T, 5T和10T)下退火的纳米BiFeO3颗粒进行了室温和液氮温度下的拉曼光谱研究。实验发现, 与0T磁场下退火样品的Raman光谱相比, 同一温度下, 纳米BiFeO3颗粒中的Raman振动模式峰的线宽随着磁场的增加而减小, 表明在外磁场的作用下, 纳米BiFeO3颗粒内部的缺陷在减少,晶格完整性得到改善。经外磁场处理的纳米BiFeO3颗粒位于139 cm-1处的A-1模式峰明显向紫端移动, 说明磁有序的程度可以影响到声子-自旋耦合。5T和10T磁场下退火的样品相比, 该峰峰位没有明显改变, 说明影响样品中磁有序排列的磁场存在一个临界值。三块样品的低温拉曼光谱证实了磁场的作用确实影响样品内磁有序的排列。     

拉曼光谱定性和定量检测青蒿素研究

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的含有过氧基团的倍半萜内酯药物,具有良好的抗疟特性,是治疗疟疾的特效药。运用激光拉曼光谱分析了100～3 500 cm-1光谱范围内青蒿素的声子振动特性。指出位于724 cm-1的拉曼峰为与青蒿素中过氧基团直接相关的一个特性声子振动模式,可用于检测过氧桥键的存在。位于1 734 cm-1的拉曼峰为与青蒿素中内酯基团直接相关的一个特性声子振动模式,可用于进一步检测分析青蒿素。由于这两个特征拉曼峰对应于青蒿素分子中特征化学键的振动,而且在实验上较容易观察分析,因而它们可以很好的用于拉曼光谱法快速初步定性检测青蒿素。同时,通过分析比较不同纯度青蒿素样品中724和1 734 cm-1处特征拉曼峰的平均散射信号强度比,拉曼光谱法可以用于定量检测青蒿素样品的纯度。与常用的高效液相色谱法相比,拉曼光谱法更快速方便,检测精度更高,而且可以检测青蒿素样品纯度的均匀性。拉曼光谱法定性和定量检测青蒿素纯度的功能对分析检测中药青蒿的品质也有重要意义。     

羟碳铈矿的高压拉曼光谱研究

羟碳铈矿是一种重要的含水稀土氟碳酸盐矿物,了解其高压下的物理性质对于探讨氟和水的存在对碳酸盐矿物物性的影响具有重要意义。运用金刚石压腔(DAC)技术与激光拉曼光谱,在室温下原位开展了羟碳铈矿的高压拉曼光谱学研究。结果显示,在常压下由[CO_3]~(2-)振动引起的拉曼峰共有6条:面内弯曲振动引起的拉曼峰位于604、742 cm~(-1),对称伸缩振动引起的拉曼峰位于1083、 1096和1103cm~(-1),而1430cm~(-1)属于非对称伸缩振动;由[OH]~–振动引起的拉曼峰有6条,分别位于3 174、3 197、3 290、3 345、3 526和3 648 cm~(-1)。随着压力的增加(0～30 GPa),未发现拉曼峰的消失或新拉曼峰的出现,表明在测试压力范围内羟碳铈矿未发生相变。拉曼峰均往高波数偏移,其位移与压力呈现良好的线性正相关关系,由[CO_3]~(2-)的面内弯曲振动引起的拉曼峰对压力的依赖系数最小,为2(0.06) cm~(-1)/GPa,而基团外振动引起的拉曼峰对压力的依赖系数最大,为4.2(0.11) cm~(-1)/GPa。对比无水碳酸盐高压下拉曼峰的位移,认为[OH]~–和F~–的存在导致羟碳铈矿高压下结构中[CO_3]~(2-)基团的振动模式对压力的依赖性发生变化,进一步影响到晶体高压下的各向异性。这为研究地球深部碳酸盐的高压物性行为提供了新的启示。     

高压下Td-WTe_2单晶体材料的拉曼光谱研究

采用入射方向平行于晶体c轴的532nm激光作为激发光源,测量了Td-WTe2单晶体材料在0~17.0GPa压力下的拉曼光谱,并结合第一性原理计算,对常温常压下Td-WTe2单晶体材料的拉曼振动模式进行了分析。实验结果表明:随着压力的增加,层间振动模式对应的拉曼峰峰位随压力移动的速度比层内振动模式快,即压力对层间振动模式的影响强于层内振动模式;位于79.0cm-1的拉曼峰归属为层间振动模式,与其他层间振动模式不同,其受压力的影响是所有振动模式中最弱的。最后,分析并讨论了压力对Td-WTe2单晶体材料的层间和层内振动模式的影响。     

高压下L-丝氨酸的拉曼光谱研究

压力可以引起蛋白折叠与变性。作为蛋白质的基本构成单位,氨基酸在高压下的变化近来年备受关注。在常见的20种氨基酸中,学者们利用高压拉曼技术已研究了多种氨基酸在高压下的变化,研究的最高压力达到30 GPa。为了探究L-丝氨酸(C₃H₇NO₃)在极高压力下的结构变化情况,采用原位高压拉曼技术在常温下对L-丝氨酸晶体进行研究,最高压力达到22.6 GPa。研究发现,当压力达到2.7 GPa时,在102 cm-1处出现新峰,在1 123 cm-1(NH₃反对称摇摆振动)处的特征峰出现劈裂;当压力达到5.4 GPa时,L-丝氨酸晶体在574 cm-1处出现新峰,同时原来164 cm-1处峰消失;当压力达到6.0 GPa时,位于226,456,770和2 968 cm-1(CH₂伸缩振动)等处出现新峰,877 cm-1处的CC伸缩振动峰发生劈裂,产生894 cm-1新峰;当压力达到7.9 GPa时,在145,151和2 946 cm-1等出现新峰,同时原在CO₂摇摆振动峰的肩峰531 cm-1消失;当压力达到11.0 GPa时,位于249 cm-1处的振动峰开始劈叉,在241 cm-1处形成新峰,位于2 956 cm-1(CH₂伸缩振动)同时原位于391和431 cm-1处的峰消失;当压力达到17.5 GPa时,在200 cm-1处出现新峰。通过进一步分析L-丝氨酸的拉曼波数随压力的变化,发现很多拉曼峰在1.37,2.2,5.3,7.46和11.0 GPa以及15.5 GPa等压力点处都出现了拐点。其结果表明：L-丝氨酸在0.1～22.6 GPa之间共发生7处结构相变,分别位于压力区间0.1~1.37,2.2~2.7,5.3,6.0,7.46~7.9,10.1~11.0和15.5~17.5 GPa之间。而且,在6.0 GPa新的相变点在之前文献中未论述过。由于L-丝氨酸晶体在6.0 GPa时CC伸缩振动峰发生劈裂,这现象可能是由于压力引起L-丝氨酸晶体分子发生重排导致的,同时L-丝氨酸晶体分子重排导致氢键发生重排,使得L-丝氨酸晶体出现新的CH₂伸缩振动峰。L-丝氨酸晶体在10.1~11.0 GPa之间的拉曼光谱变化主要集中在低波数段,该波数段的拉曼振动模式主要与晶体晶格振动等低能量振动有关。同时在高波数段出现新的CH₂峰,由此可推测在10.1~11.0 GPa之间,L-丝氨酸晶体的晶格振动发生变化,产生了新的氢键,从而导致了L-丝氨酸晶体结构的改变。L-丝氨酸晶体在15.5~17.5 GPa之间,由于没有发现直接证据证明其发生结构相变,只是在拉曼波数随压力变化中,发现其在17.5 GPa时出现拐点,因此推测L-丝氨酸晶体在15.5~17.5 GPa之间可能发生结构相变。     

激光辐照对氧化锌光谱学性能的影响

本文以拉曼光谱,PL光谱等表征手段研究准分子激光辐照氧化锌晶格微结构及其光谱性能的影响。当能量密度超过一定阈值时,会造成晶格畸变,诱导产生附加的拉曼振动模式:布里渊区A点的TA模,位于70cm-1左右以及500～600cm-1之间的LO模。准分子激光辐照与未辐照区之间存在晶格畸变逐渐减弱的过渡区。采用共聚焦的方法,Z-向逐点扫描,可以估算一定激光能量密度下,辐照对氧化锌材料的影响区深度。     

KBrO_3在高压下拉曼光谱和结构的研究（英文）

利用原位高压拉曼散射和X射线衍射技术,研究了KBrO3在高压下晶格振动和晶体结构演化行为。最高压力达30.9GPa。通过拉曼光谱发现,在高压下拉曼峰位除了单调移动,没有其它变化,表明KBrO3在研究的压力范围没有发生相变。原位高压X射线衍射实验数据显示,其在高压下依然保持常压的六方结构。通过进一步分析,分别得到了体弹模量B0=25.9(2)GPa(B′0=5.68(0.38))和部分拉曼峰的Grüneisen参数。     

Re_3N的变温拉曼散射与高压同步辐射研究

本工作通过高压固相复分解反应(HPSSM)合成块体Re_3N。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量色散X射线分析(EDS)对高压样品进行结构表征与元素成分确定,结果表明利用HPSSM法合成的Re_3N具有较高的晶体质量。在77K到873K温度范围内利用拉曼散射研究Re_3N的晶格振动特性。基于三(四)声子耦合模型,研究Re_3N拉曼声子模频率的红移和拉曼峰的宽化现象,结果表明高温条件下Re_3N拉曼散射效应中三声子耦合过程占主导。高压同步辐射研究表明Re_3N具有很高的体弹模量(B0=417GPa),是一种潜在的超硬材料。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.