二维限制多模干涉器自镜像效应分析

采用导模传输分析法对二维限制多模干涉器的自镜像效应进行分析，并用三维作矢量光束传输法对其分析结果作了进一步的验证。分析表明，一维限制多模干涉器的自镜像效应可以完全拓展到二维上。     

多模干涉耦合器一般成像位置分析

自映像效应是多模波导的一个重要特性,利用多模波导自映像效应制成的多模干涉耦合器被广泛地应用于集成光学回路中。然而根据以往的文献要得出多模干涉耦合器的成像位置要经过一系列复杂的计算。根据多模干涉耦合器的自映像原理,对多模干涉耦合器的成像位置进行分析。成像位置与输入场位置和位置数密切相关,给出了成像位置的解析表达式,得出奇数、偶数的位置数的成像位置分别对应相同,并且奇、偶数的位置数所对应的成像位置之和为多模波导宽度的成像规律。用导模传输分析法验证了表达式和成像规律的正确性。根据成像位置的表达式和成像规律可以直接得出任意输入场位置和位置数所对应的成像位置。为一维和二维限制的多模干涉耦合器的设计提供了理论基础。     

采用三维波束传输法的多模干涉耦合器成像位置的数值计算

多模干涉(MMI)耦合器需要精确定位成像位置,以便器件的设计制作。针对强限制和弱限制的三维多模波导干涉耦合器,采用三维交替方向隐式有限差分光束传输法(BPM),数值计算得出多模波导长度、输入波导和输出波导位置。首先通过对对称干涉多模干涉耦合器的数值分析求得多模干涉耦合器的等效宽度Weq及最低二阶模之间的拍长Lc,然后将这些参量结合光束传输法直接用于器件设计。计算显示该方法得到的成像位置和导模传输分析法(MPA)的理论预测比较接近,但Weq和Lc却是由光束传输法计算得到的,导模传输分析法理论只能在得到Weq和Lc的前提下才能得到成像位置。该方法直接针对三维波导进行,没有采用基于等效折射率方法的从三维波导到二维波导的简化处理,并且也没有采用导模传输分析法所采用的近似,保证了计算精度,对于实际多模干涉器件的设计制作可起参考作用。     

基于二维多模干涉效应的N×N光开关模型

报道了由两个N×N三维多模干涉耦合器和一段阵列相移波导组成的三维光开关.首先利用导模传输法分析了三维多模干涉耦合器的一般成像原理,并推导出了其成像位置以及相位矩阵.在此基础上,通过场传输矩阵法建立了光开关的传输方程.利用该传输方程计算得到了光开关工作时,阵列相移波导的相位条件,并通过三维有限差分光束传输法进行仿真验证,...     

基于多模干涉耦合器的阵列波导光栅设计研究

研究了基于多模干涉(MMI)耦合器的阵列波导光栅(AWG).通过模式传输分析方法,分析了多模干涉耦合器及阵列波导;并给出在硅基底上的二氧化硅波导上四通道100 GHz-AWG普通结构和紧凑结构的设计结果.     

多模干涉耦合器中重叠像相干相消现象分析

根据多模干涉耦合器的自映像原理和重叠成像的规律, 首次提出多模干涉耦合器中存在重叠像相干相消现象, 推导了重叠像相干相消现象出现的条件. 在此基础上, 对对称干涉和成对干涉两种特殊重叠成像做出解释, 得出对称干涉和成对干涉成像个数及成像位置的表达式. 用实例证明了重叠像相干相消现象并不只存在于成对干涉和对称干涉两种特殊情况, 并总结了重叠像相干相消随位置数变化的规律. 用导模传输分析法验证了所得表达式和成像规律的正确性. 关键词： 集成光学 多模干涉耦合器 相干相消 导模传输分析法     

SOI通道转换型多模干涉耦合器的研究

设计和制作了基于SOI的通道转换型多模干涉耦合器。用二维BPM方法分析了耦合器的性能与多模波导宽度和长度的依赖关系.制作出的耦合器能实现良好的通道转换,器件的功率转换比为73,附加损耗为2.2 dB.提高器件制作的精度将能进一步改善耦合器的性能.     

多模干涉马赫曾德尔光开关模型

根据N×N多模干涉耦合器的基本原理 ,确定了多模干涉耦合器的结构参数。通过分析多模干涉耦合器的输入光场与其映像间的相位关系 ,提出了模传输矩阵的分析方法 ,并用此方法分析了N×N普通干涉多模干涉耦合器、N×N相移器以及N×N普通干涉多模干涉马赫 曾德尔光开关 ,得到了它们的模场传输方程 ,分析了光开关在光场从任一输入端输入 ,从任一输出端输出时开关的驱动条件。用上面的方法分析了 4× 4光开关的结构及驱动条件     

基于二维多模干涉效应的N×N光开关模型

报道了由两个N×N三维多模干涉耦合器和一段阵列相移波导组成的三维光开关.首先利用导模传输法分析了三维多模干涉耦合器的一般成像原理,并推导出了其成像位置以及相位矩阵.在此基础上,通过场传输矩阵法建立了光开关的传输方程.利用该传输方程计算得到了光开关工作时,阵列相移波导的相位条件,并通过三维有限差分光束传输法进行仿真验证,给出了光开关工作时的插损、串扰指标,以及光开关输出功率随相移波导相位变化的关系.     

不同衬底折射率的多模干涉耦合器

设计了一种具有不同衬底折射率的新型多模干涉耦合器,在多模波导区引入了更强的光场限制,激发更高阶的导模,从而提高映像质量.采用二维有限差分波束传播方法模拟了这种新型的结构,结果表明:与传统结构相比,以功率均衡性和附加损耗为衡量标准的映像质量有了明显提高.这种结构可以应用于三维SOI脊形波导中.     

Two-dimensional overlapping-image multimode interference couplers

The overlapping-imaging effect of one-dimensional (1D) multimode interference (MMI) coupler is widened to study the two-dimensional (2D) MMI coupler. 2D overlapping-image MMI couplers permit uniform and nonuniform 2D power splitting. Analytical formulas are derived for the intensities and phases of the overlapping-images at the end of MMI section. The overlapping-imaging properties in 2D MMI couplers are also concluded. And the guided-mode propagation analysis method is used to confirm the analytical results.     

A hybrid modeling for the theoretical analysis of reflections in a multimode-interference coupler based on silicon-on-insulator nanowires

A hybrid method combining the three-dimensional (3D) beam propagation method (BPM) and a 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is presented for the simulation of multimode-interference (MMI) couplers based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires. This hybrid method makes it possible to have a robust analysis for the reflection properties while avoiding a time-consumed computation with a simplex 3D-FDTD simulation. The reflected power is sensitive to both the length and the width of the MMI coupler and thus one should choose the optimal values for good self-imaging. Furthermore, the reflection could be reduced by introducing tapers between the MMI section and the access waveguides.     

M MI功分器结构参量的优化设计

基于精确模式传输分析方法(MPA),提出等效宽度的概念,在此基础上重新修正了自成像理论中有关多模干涉(MMI)功分器的输入(出)波导位置和干涉区长度.并且以1×4,4×4耦合器为例,对各个结构参量进行扫描,证明修正后的耦合器结构使耦合器分光均匀性提高,附加损耗减小,具有实际应用价值.     

The 650-nm variable optical attenuator based on polymer/silica hybrid waveguide

Visible light variable optical attenuators(VOA) are essential devices in the application of channel power regulation and equalization in wavelength-division multiplexing cross-connect nodes in plastic optical fiber(POF) transmission systems.In this paper, a polymer/silica hybrid waveguide thermo–optic attenuator based on multimode interference(MMI) coupler is designed and fabricated to operate at 650 nm. The single-mode transmission condition, MMI coupler, and transition taper dimensions are optimized through the beam propagation method. Thermal analysis based on material properties provides the optimized heater placement angle. The fabricated VOA presents an attenuation of 26.5 dB with a 21-mW electrical input power at 650 nm. The rise time and fall time are 51.99 and 192 μs, respectively. The time–stability measurement results prove its working reliability.     

Analysis of multiple reflections in hybrid photonic crystal multimode interference coupler

In this paper the analysis of multiple reflections in photonic crystal (PhC) multimode interference (MMI) couplers using eigen-mode expansion method is presented. The analysis is conducted on a hybrid PhC structure which consisted of 1-D PhC multimode waveguide sandwiched between 2-D PhC input/output waveguides. In PhC multimode waveguide, where the mechanism of wave confinement is not due to total internal reflection but due to photonic bandgap properties, the reflectivity at 2-D PhC facet wall would be very large for all the guided modes in the waveguide when ever the image formed due to MMI effect does not coincides with the output access waveguide.     

Steering light into logic patterns with two-dimensional cascaded multimode waveguide

Steering light into logic patterns with two-dimensional cascaded multimode waveguide is demonstrated. By employing the imaging properties of 2D multimode interference (MMI) and partial phase modulation method, the design ideas and the implementing methods of the 2^(2×2) bits type spatial logic steering are discussed; therefore the structure of logical pattern is proposed. Numerical simulation is carried out to verify the design in detail by using the beam propagation method. It is expected to realize logic coders by using the integrated optical methods and exploit their potential applications in the field of optical logic.     

Optimal design for a flat-top AWG demultiplexer by using a fast calculation method based on a Gaussian beam approximation

Passband broadening of an AWG (array waveguide grating) demultiplexer with an MMI (multimode interference) coupler connected at the end of a tapered input waveguide is considered. An explicit formula based on the field propagation of an approximate Hermit-Gaussian beam is used to calculate quickly and reliably the spectral response of the AWG demultiplexer. The widths of the input waveguide, the output waveguides and the MMI coupler are optimized. The optimal design is verified with the experimental measurement.