前言

我在北京的碧云寺、武汉的归元寺、杭州的净慈寺和成都的宝光寺都见到了一种"神仙"聚会的地方--"罗汉堂",数百位雕塑得栩栩如生、形态各异的罗汉"欢聚"一堂,让参观者仿佛置身于众神仙的保佑之中,从而得到了安全感、满足感和幸福感.     

前言

我在北京的碧云寺、武汉的归元寺、杭州的净慈寺和成都的宝光寺都见到了一种"神仙"聚会的地方--"罗汉堂",数百位雕塑得栩栩如生、形态各异的罗汉"欢聚"一堂,让参观者仿佛置身于众神仙的保佑之中,从而得到了安全感、满足感和幸福感.     

邮票上的科学家——佼佼者之路

前言 我在北京的碧云寺、武汉的归元寺、杭州的净慈寺和成都的宝光寺都见到了一种"神仙"聚会的地方--"罗汉堂"，数百位雕塑得栩栩如生、形态各异的罗汉"欢聚"一堂，让参观者仿佛置身于众神仙的保佑之中，从而得到了安全感、满足感和幸福感。     

《相对论、宇宙与时空》连载⑦——相对论预言的天体(黑洞)(上)

地球上真有一个叫"黑洞"的地方,在印度的加尔各答.那是一栋建筑内的一间石砌的囚室,英国殖民者用来关押犯人,通常可以关押3～4人.1757年围绕这栋建筑发生了一场可怕的战斗.武装的印度民众与英军进行了血战.战斗结束后,死伤惨重的胜利者愤怒地把146名战败者塞进了这间囚室,关押了10个小时.第二天早晨,只有23名俘虏从"黑洞"中活着出来[1,2].     

"新工科"背景下工科物理实验室的建设与探索

论述了我国地方高校在"新工科"的历史背景下改革专业实验室对创新性工程人才培养的重要意义。针对传统地方高校工科实验室在培育学生创新能力、提升学生综合素质的教学过程中存在的学生参与度低、学-研融合不足等一系列问题,从实际教学情况出发,在实验室建设理念、建设模式、软环境等方面深入探讨"新工科"背景下地方高校工科物理实验室建设的新方向、新模式。论证了创新性实验室的改革建设对学生培养创新精神与自我管理意识、提升创新性人才培养质量的重要意义。     

《相对论、宇宙与时空》连载(14)——时间的性质(下)

8 时间测量的基础--"约定光速" 相对论诞生之后,人们逐渐认识到不仅时间的测量有问题,空间的测量也存在问题.一根尺在不同的地方,长度是否一样,尺子在移动过程中长度会不会改变,都成了需要深思的问题.     

大学物理学生自主学习教学环节的探索与实践

介绍了在地方院校大学物理课堂教学方法改革中,实施"学生课堂自主提问"教学环节的做法和需解决的问题,促成师生互动双赢的局面.     

主编不编与主编不主

闲下翻阅地方杂志,有标明主编也有不标的。这倒各随其规而悉听其便。但也有令人疑惑的事,比如记忆中某人在某部门任行政要职,突然间成为一个地方杂志的主编(并非顾问或名誉主编)。是同名还是改了行?无意中渐渐知道,有一些确系既未改行也未重名的,是在"遥控"机制中兼了职。     

主编不编与主编不主

闲下翻阅地方杂志,有标明主编也有不标的。这倒各随其规而悉听其便。但也有令人疑惑的事,比如记忆中某人在某部门任行政要职,突然间成为一个地方杂志的主编(并非顾问或名誉主编)。是同名还是改了行?无意中渐渐知道,有一些确系既未改行也未重名的,是在"遥控"机制中兼了职。     

主编不编与主编不主

闲下翻阅地方杂志,有标明主编也有不标的。这倒各随其规而悉听其便。但也有令人疑惑的事,比如记忆中某人在某部门任行政要职,突然间成为一个地方杂志的主编(并非顾问或名誉主编)。是同名还是改了行?无意中渐渐知道,有一些确系既未改行也未重名的,是在"遥控"机制中兼了职。     

Closed-orbit theory of spatial density oscillations in finite fermion systems

We investigate the particle and kinetic-energy densities for N noninteracting fermions confined in a local potential. Using Gutzwiller's semiclassical Green function, we describe the oscillating parts of the densities in terms of closed nonperiodic classical orbits. We derive universal relations between the oscillating parts of the densities for potentials with spherical symmetry in arbitrary dimensions and a "local virial theorem" valid also for arbitrary nonintegrable potentials. We give simple analytical formulas for the density oscillations in a one-dimensional potential.     

Local definiteness,primarity and quasiequivalence of quasifree Hadamard quantum states in curved spacetime

We prove that the GNS-representations of quasifree, Hadamard states on the Weyl-algebra of the quantized Klein-Gordon field propagating in an arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetime are locally quasiequivalent. We also show that these representations satisfy local primarity and local definiteness if the spacetime is assumed to be ultrastatic. This implies that the local von Neumann algebras associated with these representations are typeIII ₁-factors for sufficiently small regions in ultrastatic spacetimes.Supported by the DFG, SFB 288 Differentialgeometrie und Quantenphysik     

Axiomatic Conformal Theory in Dimensions >2 and AdS/CT Correspondence

We formulate axioms of conformal theory (CT) in dimensions >2 modifying Segal’s axioms for two-dimensional CFT. (In the definition of higher-dimensional CFT, one includes also a condition of existence of energy-momentum tensor.) We use these axioms to derive the AdS/CT correspondence for local theories on AdS. We introduce a notion of weakly local quantum field theory and construct a bijective correspondence between conformal theories on the sphere S^d and weakly local quantum field theories on \({H^{d+1}}\) that are invariant with respect to isometries. (Here \({H^{d+1}}\) denotes hyperbolic space = Euclidean AdS space.) We give an expression of AdS correlation functions in terms of CT correlation functions. The conformal theory has conserved energy-momentum tensor iff the AdS theory has graviton in its spectrum.     

Complementarity between local and nonlocal topological effects

In certain topological effects the accumulation of a quantum phase shift is accompanied by a local observable effect. We show that such effects manifest a complementarity between nonlocal and local attributes of the topology, which is reminiscent but different from the usual wave-particle complementarity. This complementarity is not a consequence of noncommutativity, rather it is due to the noncanonical nature of the observables. We suggest that a local/nonlocal complementarity is a general feature of topological effects that are "dual" to the Aharonov-Bohm effect.     

Discontinuous freezing-out of local order

A soft impurity in a host crystal undergoing a second-order displacive phase transition may induce a freezing-out of local order at temperatures above the bulk transition temperature [1]. We show that in MFA this local phase transition is of first order, i.e. the local order appears discontinuously, and the stability limit of the disordered phase against local ordering lies below the stability limit of the locally ordered phase, if the representation of the impurity coordinate contains a third-order invariant, but the space-group representation of the soft optical phonon does not. This situation occurs for example for anE _g -type impurity coordinate coupling to a soft zone-edge or zone-corner phonon driving an antiferrodistortive transition. The theory is applied to the specific case of a Jahn-Teller impurity in a non-Jahn-Teller host crystal.     

Zero-Temperature Dynamics in the Dilute Curie–Weiss Model

We consider the Ising model on a dense Erd?s–Rényi random graph, \({\mathcal {G}}(N,p)\), with \(p>0\) fixed—equivalently, a disordered Curie–Weiss Ising model with \(\hbox {Ber}(p)\) couplings—at zero temperature. The disorder may induce local energy minima in addition to the two uniform ground states. In this paper we prove that, starting from a typical initial configuration, the zero-temperature dynamics avoids all such local minima and absorbs into a predetermined one of the two uniform ground states. We relate this to the local MINCUT problem on dense random graphs; namely with high probability, the greedy search for a local MINCUT of \({\mathcal {G}}(N,p)\) with \(p>0\) fixed, started from a uniform random partition, fails to find a non-trivial cut. In contrast, in the disordered Curie–Weiss model with heavy-tailed couplings, we demonstrate that zero-temperature dynamics has positive probability of absorbing in a random local minimum different from the two homogenous ground states.     

The Repulsive Lattice Gas, the Independent-Set Polynomial, and the Lovász Local Lemma

We elucidate the close connection between the repulsive lattice gas in equilibrium statistical mechanics and the Lovász local lemma in probabilistic combinatorics. We show that the conclusion of the Lovász local lemma holds for dependency graph G and probabilities {p_x} if and only if the independent-set polynomial for G is nonvanishing in the polydisc of radii {p_x}. Furthermore, we show that the usual proof of the Lovász local lemma – which provides a sufficient condition for this to occur – corresponds to a simple inductive argument for the nonvanishing of the independent-set polynomial in a polydisc, which was discovered implicitly by Shearer⁽⁹⁸⁾ and explicitly by Dobrushin.^(37,38) We also present some refinements and extensions of both arguments, including a generalization of the Lovász local lemma that allows for soft dependencies. In addition, we prove some general properties of the partition function of a repulsive lattice gas, most of which are consequences of the alternating-sign property for the Mayer coefficients. We conclude with a brief discussion of the repulsive lattice gas on countably infinite graphs.     

Confinement and lattice quantum-electrodynamic electric flux tubes simulated with ultracold atoms

We propose a method for simulating (2+1)D compact lattice quantum-electrodynamics, using ultracold atoms in optical lattices. In our model local Bose-Einstein condensates' (BECs) phases correspond to the electromagnetic vector potential, and the local number operators represent the conjugate electric field. The well-known gauge-invariant Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian is obtained as an effective low-energy theory. The field is then coupled to external static charges. We show that in the strong coupling limit this gives rise to "electric flux tubes" and to confinement. This can be observed by measuring the local density deviations of the BECs, and is expected to hold even, to some extent, outside the perturbative calculable regime.     

Long-range nonlocal flow of vortices in narrow superconducting channels

We report a new nonlocal effect in vortex matter, where an electric current confined to a small region of a long and sufficiently narrow superconducting wire causes vortex flow at distances hundreds of intervortex separations away. The observed remote traffic of vortices is attributed to a very efficient transfer of a local strain through the one-dimensional vortex lattice (VL), even in the presence of disorder. We also observe mesoscopic fluctuations in the nonlocal vortex flow, which arise due to "traffic jams" when vortex arrangements do not match a local geometry of a superconducting channel.