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用液态簧振动力学谱方法对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的系列样品进行了测量. 在升温过程中所测温区范围内,结果表明邻苯二甲酸二甲酯样品相继发生了动力学玻璃化转变、过冷液态的结晶、晶体—液态相变和挥发过程,而在邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯样品中仅仅发生了动力学玻璃化转变和挥发过程. 上述实验结果与分析表明,液态簧振动力学谱方法是研究拥有液态过程的可靠和有效的方法,并且能够提供物质变化的丰富信息. 相似文献
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激光辐照液态工质,在激光能量密度较高时将出现特有的"飞溅"现象,该过程消耗了大量的工质。选取室温下甘油作为实验研究对象,针对烧蚀甘油发生飞溅过程中产生的力学效应,设计了流场显示和推力测量集成装置,使用YAG激光作为能量源,对甘油进行烧蚀。将得到的流场测量结果与推力曲线比对,找到发生飞溅对应的推力曲线部分,积分计算甘油发生飞溅对烧蚀总冲量贡献的比例。结果表明飞溅所消耗的大量甘油工质使用效率极低,未带来相应的冲量,是液态工质比冲过低的主要原因。因此,在以液体为工质的激光烧蚀推进技术中必须克服飞溅现象。最后给出一种通过碳掺杂来控制液体飞溅的方法,结果表明碳掺杂可以有效减少液体飞溅。 相似文献
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在本文中我们将讨论从液态到非晶态(玻璃态)的转变,非晶态金属的结构弛豫、结晶及其动力学. 一、从液态到非晶态的转变 由熔体淬火凝固而形成的玻璃态金属可以认为是一种冻结的液态结构,它的性质和结构与其热历史有关.为了说明液态金属-非晶态金属的转变,图1给出了容易形成玻璃 相似文献
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YBa2Cu3O7—δ外延薄膜的电流—电压特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别测量了不同磁场及其位形下I-V曲线随温度的变化关系。实验结果表明,在磁通玻璃转变温度以下,logI-logV曲线具有正曲率,在磁通玻璃转变温度以下,logI-logV曲线具有负英率;不同温度下的I-V曲线能够很好地被标度到两条曲线上,表明样品中存在磁通液态到玻璃态的转变。 相似文献
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UV laser microdrilling of high-aspect-ratio holes has been studied by using an intense beam with a low numerical aperture (KrF laser). The UV laser ablation produces a minimum of thermal or mechanical damage on the target. Under some particular experimental conditions (many high-fluence pulses), it is shown that long deep holes are obtained with reproducible aspect ratio (up to K/d길) in a variety of materials. Experiments with polymers (PMMA, PC, PET, PI, PS, PEEK) show that the more absorbing the polymer is, the better the resolution. However highly absorbing materials exhibit a low ablation rate. These promising results on laser microdrilling can be extended to new applications, for example, when the beam/target relative movement is computer driven. For instance this approach can be applied to cutting micro-objects with complicated shape or to machining fragile or brittle materials. 相似文献
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自从石墨烯被发现以来,机械解理技术已经成为制备高质量二维材料的重要方法之一,在二维材料本征物性的研究方面展现出了独特的优势.然而传统机械解理方法存在明显的不足,如制备效率低、样品尺寸小等,阻碍了二维材料领域的研究进展.近些年我们在机械解理技术方面取得了一系列的突破,独立发展了一套具有普适性的新型机械解理方法.这种新型机械解理方法的核心在于通过改变解理过程中的多个参数,增强层状材料与基底之间的范德瓦耳斯相互作用,从而提高单层样品的产率和面积.本文着重以石墨烯为例,介绍了该技术的过程和机理.相比于传统机械解理方法,石墨烯的尺寸从微米量级提高到毫米量级,面积提高了十万倍以上,产率大于95%,同时石墨烯依然保持着非常高的质量.这种新型机械解理方法具有良好的普适性,目前已经在包括MoS2,WSe2,MoTe2,Bi2212等几十种材料体系中得到了毫米量级以上的高质量单层样品.更重要的是,在解理过程中,通过调控不同的参数,可以在层状材料中实现一些特殊结构的制备,如气泡、褶皱结构等,为研究这些特殊材料体系提供了重要的物质保障.未来机械解理技术还有很多值得深入研究的科学问题,该技术的突破将会极大地推动二维材料领域的研究进展. 相似文献
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设计了基于静态光谱分析的目标识别遥测方法。针对机械扫描式干涉方法结构复杂、稳定性差、主动监测隐蔽性差等问题,采用静态遥测技术取代机械扫描光程,应用光谱分析方法,对大范围视场内进行光谱探测,从而在恶劣的环境中实现了目标识别。经仿真计算,得到温度、波长及空气透射率与光谱辐亮度之间的函数关系。采用AViiVA-M2型CCD相机、静态傅里叶干涉具、1 m×1 m的铁板作为待测目标等做相关实验,分别在一天中不同时间、不同探测距离、不同背景的条件下,得到了各种情况下整个系统的探测极限位置。通过实验数据及计算结果表明,静态干涉方法应用于目标识别是可行的,由差谱特征反演得到的目标识别平均概率达到92.8%。 相似文献
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In the present work, a comparatively new method of quality control of materials based on measuring the parameters of electromagnetic emission under mechanical excitation is theoretically substantiated. Promising directions of investigations of this phenomenon are also outlined. 相似文献
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在材料科学和材料工程领域,对受热材料温度分布测量的需求一直在持续增长。这主要是因为对于材料的各种特性和行为,温度都是其重要参量。本文设计一种新的声表面波测量方法测量在加热或冷却过程中的材料表面的温度梯度。这种方法涉及到超声波回波测量和导热反问题的分析方法来得到材料中沿超声传播方向的一维温度场分布。为了证明方法的可行性,文章使用铝板进行了实验并得到了准确的材料表面温度场分布图像。超声测温技术将作为一种新型的热点技术,将有很大潜力被用在工业材料高温操作过程中的表面温度场成像。 相似文献
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We report a new method for fabricating rare-earth-doped silica glasses for laser materials obtained by sintering nanoporous silica glasses impregnated with rare-earth-doped ions. The fabricated materials have no residual pores and show good optical and mechanical properties. Good performance from a Nd3+ -doped silica microchip laser operating at 1.064 microm is successfully demonstrated, suggesting that the fabricated silica glasses have potential for use as active materials for high-power solid-state lasers. 相似文献
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M. N. Krivosheina E. V. Tuch Yu. A. Khon 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2012,76(1):80-84
The effect of averaging the properties of a target material on the results from calculations of target deformation and destruction
by means of numerical modeling and the possibility of applying such averaging to the properties of elastic and strength constant
materials of targets made of orthotropic composite materials are investigated. Numerical investigations are performed for
materials with high degrees of anisotropy in their mechanical properties using the example of an organoplastic. 相似文献
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We present a new pump-probe mode-mismatched thermal lens method for pulse excitation aimed to the measurement of nonlinear absorption coefficient in optical materials. We develop a theoretical model based on the Fresnel diffraction approximation and their predictions are verified experimentally with samples of Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B in ethanol solution. The principal advantage of this technique is that it does not require any mechanical movement during measurement. Below we perform the new type of thermal lens experiment in the pulse regime for the measurement of nonlinear absorption coefficient in transparent samples and we demonstrate the validity of theoretical predictions using an alternative method to the classical thermal lens technique. 相似文献
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《中国物理 B》2019,(10)
Structure prediction methods have been widely used as a state-of-the-art tool for structure searches and materials discovery, leading to many theory-driven breakthroughs on discoveries of new materials. These methods generally involve the exploration of the potential energy surfaces of materials through various structure sampling techniques and optimization algorithms in conjunction with quantum mechanical calculations. By taking advantage of the general feature of materials potential energy surface and swarm-intelligence-based global optimization algorithms, we have developed the CALYPSO method for structure prediction, which has been widely used in fields as diverse as computational physics, chemistry, and materials science. In this review, we provide the basic theory of the CALYPSO method, placing particular emphasis on the principles of its various structure dealing methods. We also survey the current challenges faced by structure prediction methods and include an outlook on the future developments of CALYPSO in the conclusions. 相似文献