偶偶Ge和Se同位素核的形变HF态及负宇称带研究

将具有负宇称的fp轨道空间扩大到包含具有正宇称的1g_9/2轨道,采用修正的表面δ相互作用,对⁶⁴Ge,⁶⁶Ge,⁶⁸Ge,⁷⁰Se,⁷²Se和⁷⁴Se等6个偶偶核做了形变HF计算.得到了基态和一些激发态的解.同时,还用近似角动量投影形变Hartree-Fock(PDHF)方法,对⁶⁴Ge和⁷⁴Se进行了能谱计算,得到其正、负宇称带的解,计算结果与实验谱基本一致.     

1h11/2轨道对A～100区偶偶核形状影响的系统研究

采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对^102—114Ru,^102—116Pd和^104—116Cd等22个偶偶核分别在gds和gdsh两种不同的组态空间中作了形变HF计算.得到了长、扁椭球等基态或激发态的解.结果表明在质量数为102—116间的原子核存在形状过渡和形状共存现象,且单粒子能级随质量数及组态的不同而不同.两种不同组态空间中的计算结果的对比表明,形变HF计算中1h_11/2轨道的介入及填充与否对A～100区偶偶核的单粒子能谱及形状有较大影响     

DHF方法对A～100区偶偶核形状的系统研究

采用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI),对^102—114Ru、^102—116Pd和^104—116Cd等22个偶偶核作了形变HF计算.得到了长椭球、扁椭球等基态或激发态的解.结果表明,在质量数为102—116间的原子核存在形状过渡、形状共存现象,且单粒子能级随质量数及组态的不同而不同.同时发现质子数的多少以及3S_1/2轨道的开始填充对形状过渡起着重要作用.     

锕系核集体运动的负宇称态

从锕系区40多个核的正负宇称态的实验数据,如激发能、J^π、电偶极跃迁等,得到一系列与核结构有关的物理量,如宇称劈裂能级差δE_I,正负宇称带的第一和第二类转动惯量J⁽¹⁾和J⁽²⁾及第一负宇称态的电偶极跃迁强度比等,以及它们与角动量I或转动角频率ω的动力学和核子数A的系统行为,从而为研究锕系核负宇称态的产生机制及动力学特点提供了信息.     

巨偶极共振相互作用玻色子模型的连续变量表示解

本文应用动力学群表示的生成坐标方法(DGR-GCM)推导并讨论了IBM(s,p,d)的连续变量表示;分析了^148,150Nd和^152,154Sm的静态势能,得到各核的形变参量β₀;求解相应的等效哈密顿量的本征方程,得到了能量本征值和本征函数,并得到了形变核的巨偶极共振劈裂以及纵向的与横向的电偶极强度之比(S₊/S_－)小于2的结论,这与从IBM(s,p,d)的代数分析结果相一致.     

Rn-Th偶偶核的八级形变研究

用推转壳模型在多维形变空间系统研究了Rn-Th偶偶核的基态性质及高自旋情形下的性质, 其中选取的形变自由度为β₂, β₃, β₄和β₅. 计算结果很好的再现了实验提取的转动惯量值. 势能面的研究表明, 随中子数的增加, 基态形状由近球形(N≈130)逐渐演变为八极形变(N≈136)后又发展成为稳定的四极形变(N≥140). 推转计算表明Rn-Th偶偶核的八极形变非常软, 在推转到高自旋情形下, 逐渐变为反射对称形变.     

125Ba高自旋态的测量

通过¹⁰⁹Ag(¹⁹F,3n)核反应布局了¹²⁵Ba核的激发态.使用带BGO康普顿抑制的高纯锗探测器阵列和常规在束γ实验技术,测量了它的高自旋态.建立在h_11/2中子支壳上的负宇称带和建立在g_7/2中子支壳上的正宇称带分别被延伸到了35/2^－和23/2⁺态.负宇称带显示出明显的正负Signature劈裂,而正宇称带则几乎没有这种劈裂.负宇称正负Signature带均出现反弯,其反弯处转动频率与¹²⁴Ba晕带反弯频率相近.正宇称带出开始出现反弯迹象.     

135La高自旋态的实验研究

利用在束γ谱实验技术,通过¹²⁸Te(¹⁰B,3n)¹³⁵La反应研究了¹³⁵La的高自旋态.基于γγ符合关系、γ射线的相对强度和各向异性度的测量结果,建立了¹³⁵La的能级纲图.在hω≈0.40MeV附近,观测到基于πh_11/2质子轨道上的负宇称带的带交叉.比较N=78同中子素链能级结构的系统性,认为该带交叉是由一对h_11/2准质子发生转动顺排造成的.在高自旋态处,观测到具有很强M1跃迁、Signature劈裂很小的ΔI=1负宇称带,根据系统性认为该带是建立在πh_11/2(νh_11/2)²组态上的γ≈–60°的扁椭球形变带.     

76Se三声子态成员的候选者

通过⁷⁶Br (T_1/2=16.2h)β⁺/EC衰变方法得到⁷⁶Br衰变纲图, 并确认了Muller等通过核反应⁷⁶Se(p, p′)方法发现⁷⁶Se能级纲图中1791.31keV能级. 不过, Muller等当时并没有指出该条能级的自旋和宇称, 以及应该属于哪一个声子态的成员. 经过分析我们认为1791.31keV能级可以作为⁷⁶Se三声子态的一个候选成员. 此外, 为了研究这个介于强形变和球形核之间的过渡区核的形变, 对它的正宇称态进行了采用推转壳模型形式的总转动能面计算.     

Cd偶同位素集体能谱与价质子空穴激发特性

采用以玻色子展开和MJS(ModifiedJancovici-Schiff)代换为基础的微观IBM-2方案,用直接对角化的计算方法,研究^108—118Cd偶同位素集体能谱.计算结果与实验能谱作了比较,并对近满壳偶偶核中价质子空穴激发特性及影响能谱结构的因素作了讨论.     

偶偶Pd同位素核的HF态及能谱研究

采用修正的表面δ相互作用（ＭＳＤＩ），对１０６Ｐｄ、１０８Ｐｄ、１１０Ｐｄ、１１２Ｐｄ、１１４Ｐｄ和１１６Ｐｄ等６个偶偶核做了形变ＨＦ计算．得到了长椭球、扁椭球和一些激发态的解．结果表明，在质量数为１０６到１１６间的原子核存在形状过渡，且单粒子能级随质量数及组态的不同而不同．同时，还用近似角动量投影形变Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ（ＰＤＨＦ）方法对１１０Ｐｄ进行了能谱计算，其计算结果与实验谱基本一致，并且发现投影谱具有γ软性核谱的特征． By using modified surface delta interaction, the deformed Hartree Fock calculations are performed for the six nuclei: 106 Pd, 108 Pd, 110 Pd, 112 Pd, 114 Pd and 116 Pd. The prolate, oblate and some particle hole excited configurations are obtained.The calculated results show that there is a form transition from mass number 106 to 116, and that single particle energy spectra are different not only for the nuclei with different mass...     

Systematic Research on Shapes of Even Even Nuclei Around A～100 Regions With DHF Method

Using modified surface delta interaction, the deformed Hartree-Fock calculations for twenty tWo nuclei: ^102—114Ru, ^102—116Pd and ^104—116Cd are performed.Prolate and oblate configurations are obtained. The calculated results show that there exist form transitions and shape coexistence from mass number 102 to 116, and that the single-particle energy spectra are different not only for different mass number but also for different configurations of nuclei. At the same time, it is also found that the numbers of proton and the 3s_1/2 orbit begining to fill with neutrons play important roles in the shape transitions.     

Influence of 1h11/2 Orbit on the Shapes of Even Even Nuclei Around A～100 Region

Using modified surface delta interaction, the deformed Hartree-Fock calculations for twenty two nuclei such as ^102—114Ru, ^102—116Pd,^104—116Cd etc. are performed in the gds and gdsh configuration space, respectively. Prolate and oblate configurations are obtained. It is shown that there exist shape transitions for the nuclei with the mass number from 102 to 116, the resultant single-particle energy spectrum is changed not only with the mass number but also with the configuration, and the results, by considering the 1h_11/2 orbit, are quite different from those obtained in the gds configuration space. Moreover, the number of protons in the nucleus and filling up the 1h_11/2 orbit, especially with neutrons, play important roles in the single-particle energy spectrum and the shape transition.     

APPLICATIONS OF THE MODIFIED SURFACE DELTA INTERACTION IN THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM PROJECTION DEFORMED HAREE-FOCK METHOD

In this paper a modified surface delta interaction with an angular momentum correction term is proposed.By using this interaction the deformed Hartree-Fock and the approximate angular momentum projection calculations are performed for even-even nuclei in mass region A=56—74.The single particle energy spectra of the ground state configurations obtained are more reasonable than that calculated with KB matrix elements.The agreement of the calculated binding energies and projection energy spectra with experimental ones is fairly good.     

原子核的反常宇称能谱研究

将具有负宇称的 fp 空间扩大到包含1g9/2 轨道, 采用修正的表面相互作用(MSDI), 对64Ge, 66Ge, 68Ge, 70Se, 72Se, 74Se, 76Kr 和 78Kr等偶偶核作了形变Hartree Fock计算, 得到了基态和一些激发态的解. 同时, 还用近似角动量投影形变Hartree Fock（PDHF）方法对偶偶核64Ge, 74Se和奇A核79Kr进行了能谱计算, 得到其正、 负宇称带的解, 计算结果与实验谱基本一致.Using modified surface delta interaction, enlarging the fp configuration space to include the 1g9/2 orbit with the abnormal parity, the deformed Hartree Fock calculations for the eight nuclei: 64Ge, 66Ge, 68Ge, 70Se, 72Se , 74Se, 76Kr and 78Kr are performed. The ground state and some particle hole excited configurations are obtained. The approximate angular momentum projected deformed Hartree Fock (PDHF) method is applied to even even nuclei 64Ge and 74Se and odd A nuclus 79Kr. Both of their normal and abnormal parity bands are obtained. The calculated energy spectra are consistent well with experimental spectra.     

Negative-parity spectra for mass-18 nuclei in the dynamic-interaction propagator approach

The energy spectra and two-particle strengths of negative-parity states in mass-18 nuclei are calculated by using a Green-function formulation which includes energy-dependent two-particle interactions. The energy dependence is induced by the dynamic exchange of the octupole phonon which appears at 6.13 MeV in ¹⁶O. This state is described within a normal static particle-hole RPA. The two-body interaction parameters are chosen to provide the correct phonon energy and reasonable negative parity mass-17 and positive-parity mass-18 spectra. The negative-parity states are then calculated in a parameter-free way. In order to avoid redundant solutions or ghosts, the fermion lines must be dressed in a way consistent with the phonon exchange.     

APPROXIMATE ANGULAR MOMENTUM PROJECTION OF THE DEFORMED HARTREE-FOCK STATE FOR K=1

Using our approximate angular momentum projection method with one parameter, the projection spectra of the axially symmetric Hartree-Fock intrinsic states are studied. The approximate and the exact projection matrix elements are obtained and compared each other. The projection integrals for angular momentum J=1 to 11 are given. The energy spectra of the nuclei ⁴⁴Ti and ⁵⁰Ti are calculated, and the results coincide with the observed energy levels fairly well.     

On the treatment of the center of mass motion in nuclear mean field theories

It is shown how the spurious components due to the center of mass motion can be eliminated from general Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov quasi-particle configurations with the help of projection techniques. The problem how to restore the additional symmetries being broken by such configurations is discussed. An explicit formulation is given for the spherical Hartree-Fock problem with center of mass momentum projection before the variation. As an example for the application of this method the ground state of⁴He is studied using two different interactions, a microscopic two-body one as well as a phenomenological one including a Skyrme-type three-body force. The results are compared to those of the usual approximate treatment of the center of mass motion in Hartree-Fock calculations. It turns out that, at least for the chosen example, the latter yields a rather reasonable approximation to the correct total energy, single particle energy and even the mass density provided that it is calculated from a translationally invariant density operator.