超重核的基态性质

用Skyrme Hartree Fock+BCS方法计算了超重核的基态性质,讨论了结合能、α衰变、形变、壳结构和自发裂变等问题.计算得到的结合能较好地反映了实验测量值,α衰变能与实验值符合很好.发现基本上有两种类型的超重核形变:在270108核附近的β2≈0.2的长椭球形变和在298114核附近的近球形形变.单粒子能级分布计算表明:在质子Z=108和中子N=162存在变形壳,在质子Z=114和中子N=184存在球形壳.用得到的α衰变能和Viola Seaborg公式估算了α衰变半寿命,能合理地符合实验测量值. The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are investigated using the Skyrme Hartree Fock model. The pairing correlation is treated by the BCS method with the pairing δ force. Binding energies, α decays, spontaneous fissions, shell structures and deformations are discussed. Our calculations reproduce experimential binding energies and α decay energies.It is found that superheavy nuclei can be grouped with two kinds of deformations: i) well deformed prolate shapes (β2≈0.2) around 270108...     

Rn-Th偶偶核的八级形变研究

用推转壳模型在多维形变空间系统研究了Rn-Th偶偶核的基态性质及高自旋情形下的性质, 其中选取的形变自由度为β₂, β₃, β₄和β₅. 计算结果很好的再现了实验提取的转动惯量值. 势能面的研究表明, 随中子数的增加, 基态形状由近球形(N≈130)逐渐演变为八极形变(N≈136)后又发展成为稳定的四极形变(N≥140). 推转计算表明Rn-Th偶偶核的八极形变非常软, 在推转到高自旋情形下, 逐渐变为反射对称形变.     

93Pd的β缓发质子衰变

通过⁵⁸Ni(⁴⁰Ca,3n2p)反应合成等待点核⁹³Pd,采用氦喷嘴带传输系统加p-γ符合,观测到了它的β缓发质子衰变,测得其半衰期为(1.3±0.2)s.采用统计模型计算拟合了实验测得的β缓发质子能谱和布居到质子发射体子核不同终态的分支比,指认了⁹³Pd的基态自旋为9/2.用Woods-Xason Strutinsky方法计算了⁹³Pd的核位能面,其结果表明93?Pd基态自旋宇称可能为9/2⁺.     

Spherical and Deformed Shell Closures in Superheavy nuclei

The structure of superheavy nuclei has been studied using the macroscopic-microscopic model. The macroscopic energy was calculated with the continuous medium model in which the energy is expressed as a function of nucleon densities. The deformations and structures of superheavy nuclei were systematically investigated. Calculations reproduce well the available data of experimental α-decay energies and half-lives. The investigation of single-particle levels shows that the shell structure is deformation and isospin dependent. Potential-energy-surface calculations display that superheavy nuclei have in general harder shapes than the nuclei of other mass regions.     

超重核的球形和变形壳结构

应用宏观 微观模型系统研究了超重核的形状和结构性质.其中,宏观能是由基于核子密度泛函的连续介质模型计算得到.计算结果很好地再现了超重核的结合能、α衰变能和寿命的实验数据.对单粒子能级的计算和分析表明超重核的壳结构是形变和同位旋相关的.位能曲面的计算结果显示,与其它区域的核相比,超重核的形状不易变化. The structure of superheavy nuclei has been studied by using the macroscopic-microscopic model. The macroscopic energy was calculated with the continuous medium model in which the energy is expressed as a functional of nucleon densities. The deformations and structures of superheavy nuclei were investigated systematically. Calculations reproduce well the available data of experimental α decay energies and half-lifes. The investigation of single-particle levels shows that the shell structure is deformed a...