双奇核184Au中πi13/2⊙νi13/2转动带的结构特征研究

利用重离子熔合蒸发反应和在束γ谱学实验方法,研究了双奇核184?Au的高自旋态能级结构.扩展了基于πh9/2ν7/2–[514]和πi13/2νi13/22准粒子组态下的转动带能级纲图,建立了两个转动带之间以及πh9/2ν7/2-[514]带与基态的谱学连接.从而确定了πi13/2νi13/2带能级的自旋和宇称,证实了此转动带在低自旋区出现旋称反转.分析了πi13/2νi13/2带和相邻核转动带的准粒子顺排特征,指出此带的第一回弯以及相邻核转动带在低频观测到的顺排异常可能与h9/2质子顺排有关.     

核科学百年讲座第五讲辐射化学与辐射加工

介绍辐射化学和辐射加工的发展与应用，以及基本原理，侧重介绍辐射加工在高分子辐射交联改性、食品的辐照处理和医疗用品消毒等方面的应用．     

超重核密度的计算

用Skyrme Hartree Fock模型计算了超重核的密度分布，并讨论了其形状和同位旋相关性。 以292120核为例，计算表明形变对密度分布有相当大的影响。     

超重核的基态性质

用Skyrme Hartree Fock+BCS方法计算了超重核的基态性质,讨论了结合能、α衰变、形变、壳结构和自发裂变等问题.计算得到的结合能较好地反映了实验测量值,α衰变能与实验值符合很好.发现基本上有两种类型的超重核形变:在270108核附近的β2≈0.2的长椭球形变和在298114核附近的近球形形变.单粒子能级分布计算表明:在质子Z=108和中子N=162存在变形壳,在质子Z=114和中子N=184存在球形壳.用得到的α衰变能和Viola Seaborg公式估算了α衰变半寿命,能合理地符合实验测量值. The ground state properties of superheavy nuclei are investigated using the Skyrme Hartree Fock model. The pairing correlation is treated by the BCS method with the pairing δ force. Binding energies, α decays, spontaneous fissions, shell structures and deformations are discussed. Our calculations reproduce experimential binding energies and α decay energies.It is found that superheavy nuclei can be grouped with two kinds of deformations: i) well deformed prolate shapes (β2≈0.2) around 270108...     

核科学百年讲座第七讲核科学技术在材料科学中的应用

核科学技术和材料科学的结合产生了一门新兴的交叉学科——核材料(也称核固体)，主要指核技术在材料分析、物质改性和新材料研制合成中的应用．文章介绍核技术在材料科学中的应用历史、现状及其前景，包括基本物理原理．     

原子核的振动与转动模型(Ⅲ)A～190区超形变带研究

应用推转玻尔-莫特逊哈密顿量导得了超形变带的转动谱公式,应用这一公式研究了在A～190区24个超形变带的跃迁能量和能级自旋,获得了满意的结果.     

双奇核~(170)Re高自旋转动带分析(英文)

通过重离子熔合蒸发反应142Nd(32S,1p3nγ)170Re布居了缺中子双奇核170Re的高自旋激发态,识别出了该核的一条转动带并建议了其组态为πh1/2 νi13/2。基于对同中子素能级系统性、旋称反转系统性、带内B(M1)/B(E2)、准粒子Routhians、动力学转动惯量和Total Routhian Surface(TRS)等带结构特征的详细分析和讨论,进一步确认了对A=170核区目前最缺中子双奇核高自旋转动带组态、宇称和自旋值的指定。     

Structure change of 156Yb at high-spin states

High-spin states of ¹⁵⁶Yb have been studied via the ¹⁴⁴Sm(¹⁶O,4n)¹⁵⁶Yb fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energy 102~MeV. The positive-parity yrast band and negative-parity cascade have been extended up to higher-spin states, respectively. The characteristics of the negative-parity sequence above the 25^－ state may related to the excitation from the nucleon in the Z=64, N=82 core. The E-GOS curve for the positive-parity yrast sequence in ¹⁵⁶Yb indicate that this nucleus may undergo an evolution from quasivibrational to quasirotational structure with increasing angular momentum. The Cranked Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky calculations by means of Total-Routhian-Surface (TRS) methods has been made to understand this structure change.     

Shell-model studies of the N=14 and 16 shell closures in neutron-rich nuclei

Shell-model studies on the N =14 and 16 shell closures in neutron-rich Be, C, O and Ne isotopes are presented. We calculate, with the WBT interaction, the excited states in these nuclei. The calculations agree with recent experiment data. Excited energies and B(E2) values are displayed to discuss the shell closures. Our results support the N =16 shell closure in these isotopes, while indicating a disappearance of N =14 shell closure in Be and C isotopes.     

A=190区奇奇核超形变带顺排涌动量的相加性

利用推转玻尔-莫特森模型指定的能级自旋,研究了A＝190区奇奇核194Tl和196Bi超形变带的顺排角动量的相加性．194Tl的6条超形变带中,有4条满足顺排角动量的相加性规则,而196Bi的超形变带不满足这个规则．