溶胶-凝胶法制备的高压电常数（Bi0.5Na0.5）1－xBaxTiO3系无铅压电陶瓷

测量了使用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的(Bi0.5Na0.5)1-xBaxTiO3(x=0.00，0.04，0.06，0.08,0.12)系陶瓷的介电、压电、铁电和热释电性能.由于使用了溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的粉料，因此所有样品的压电性能都得到了较大提高.其中(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷具有该系列最大的压电常数，d33=173×10-12C/N，与传统工艺相比，d33提高了近40%.同时，在一定范围内，随Ba含量的增加，材料的剩余极化Pr和矫顽场Ec逐渐减小，退极化温度逐渐降低.对于(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO.3系陶瓷，剩余极化和矫顽场分别为25μC/cm2和28kV/cm，退极化温度约为80℃. 关键词： 溶胶-凝胶 压电常数 剩余极化 矫顽场     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3陶瓷及其电学特性

用溶胶-凝胶工艺成功制备出Bi05Na05TiO3纳米微粉，并利用此微粉烧结出高致密度的Bi05Na05TiO3陶瓷.这种新工艺制备的Bi05Na05TiO3陶瓷，其压电性能远远高于普通方法制备的陶瓷，其中压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kt分别高达102×10-12C/N和58%.同时发现，对于这种Bi05Na05TiO3陶瓷，室温时只需施加100kV/cm左右的交变电场，就可得到矩形度极好的饱和回线，得到的剩余极化Pr和矫顽场Ec分别为32μC/cm2和61kV/cm.而在100℃以上只需施加35kV/cm的极化电场就可使样品充分极化.     

非化学计量和掺杂对(Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2))_(0.92)Ba_(0.08)TiO_3陶瓷电性能的影响

研究了非化学计量和掺杂对无铅压电陶瓷 (Na1 2 Bi1 2 ) 0 .92 Ba0 .0 8TiO3的压电性能及去极化温度的影响 .研究发现A位非化学计量可以提高陶瓷的压电性能 ;B位掺杂对材料电学性能的影响规律类似于Pb(Ti,Zr)O3系压电陶瓷的相关规律 ;由于非化学计量和掺杂会影响到A位离子对B位离子与氧离子形成的BO6 八面体的耦合作用 ,影响到畴的稳定性 ,从而影响到 (Na1 2 Bi1 2 ) 0 .92 Ba0 .0 8TiO3陶瓷的去极化温度 ;所研究的陶瓷样品的去极化温度越低 ,压电系数越高 .     

铋层化合物Sr1+xBi4-xTi4-xTaxO15(x=0—1)陶瓷的介电和铁电特性

研究了铋层化合物Sr1+xBi4-xTi4-xTaxO15(x=0—1)陶瓷的介电和铁电特性.研究发现随着x值的增大,材料的居里点由540℃降到30℃左右,但材料始终具有铁电性.对于SrBi4Ti4O15陶瓷施加120kVcm的电场仍无法得到饱和的回线,此时的剩余极化和矫顽场分别约为7μCcm2和73kVcm.对于x=04—05的材料由于它们同时具有较高的居里温度300℃—360℃,较大的剩余极化7—8μCcm2和较小的矫顽场37—47kVcm,因此是一类性能较为优良的铁电材料. 关键词： 居里温度 剩余极化 矫顽场     

高居里温度铋层状结构钛钽酸铋(Bi_3TiTaO_9)的压电、介电和铁电特性

随着现代信息技术的飞速发展,压电材料的应用范围进一步拓展,使用的温度环境越来越严苛,在一些极端环境下对压电材料的服役性能提出了新的挑战.因此研究具有高居里温度同时具有较强压电性能的压电材料,是迫切需要解决的问题.本文利用普通陶瓷工艺制备了高居里温度铋层状结构钛钽酸铋Bi_3TiTaO_9+x wt.%CeO_2(x=0—0.8,简写为BTT-10xCe)压电陶瓷,研究了钛钽酸铋陶瓷的压电、介电和铁电特性.压电特性研究表明,稀土Ce离子的引入可以提高BTT陶瓷的压电性能, BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷具有最大的压电系数d33～16.2 pC/N,约为纯的BTT陶瓷压电系数(d33～4.2 pC/N)的4倍.介电特性研究显示, BTT和BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷均具有高的居里温度, T_C分别为890℃和879℃,同时稀土Ce离子的引入降低了BTT陶瓷的高温介电损耗tand.铁电特性研究表明,稀土Ce离子的引入提高了BTT陶瓷的极化强度.在180℃温度下和110 kV/cm的电场驱动下, BTT和BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷的矫顽场Ec分别为53.8 kV/cm和57.5 kV/cm,剩余极化强度Pr分别为3.4μC/cm~2和5.4μC/cm~2.退火实验显示:稀土Ce离子组分优化的BTT压电陶瓷经800℃的高温退火后,仍具有优异的压电性能温度稳定性.研究结果表明, BTT-6Ce (x=0.6)陶瓷兼具高的居里温度T_c约为879℃和强的压电性能d33约为16.2 pC/N、较好的压电性能温度稳定性,是一类压电性能优异的高温压电陶瓷.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Sr2Bi4Ti5O18薄膜及其铁电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在氧气氛中和层层晶化的工艺条件下,成功地制备了沉积在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100)衬底上的铁电性能优良的Sr2Bi4Ti5O18(SBTi)薄膜,并研究了SBTi薄膜的微结构、表面形貌、铁电性能和疲劳特性.研究表明:薄膜具有单一的层状钙钛矿结构,且为随机取向;薄膜表面光滑,无裂纹,厚度约为725nm;铁电性能测试显示较饱和、方形的电滞回线,当外电场强度为275kV/cm时,其剩余极化2Pr和矫顽场2Ec分别为24.0μC/cm2和137.8kV/cm;疲劳测试发现薄膜经过4.4×1010次极化反转后,基本没有显示疲劳.     

单相Na0.5Bi0.5Ti1-xMnxO3陶瓷中的多铁性

溶胶凝胶法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5Ti1-xMnxO3(x=0,0.02,0.04)陶瓷样品,X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明陶瓷样品均形成了单一的钙钛矿(ABO3)型结构且没有杂质相的形成.随着Mn含量的增加,XRD峰向高角度方向移动,表明Mn离子进入Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3晶格.掺杂样品均表现出室温铁磁性和铁电性.磁测量表明样品中存在复杂的磁相互作用,包括铁磁,反铁磁和顺磁相互作用.以上结果表明,通过Mn的掺杂可以使铁电材料Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3转变为多铁材料.     

SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12复合铁电薄膜的制备与特性研究

采用溶胶凝胶工艺在p-Si衬底上制备了SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12复合铁电薄膜. 研究了SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12复合薄膜的微观结构与生长行为、铁电性能和疲劳特性. 研究表明: Si衬底Bi4Ti3O12薄膜易于沿c轴择优生长,并有利于SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12复合薄膜的生长.合理的SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12厚度配比能获得较好的铁电性能和优良的抗疲劳特性,SrBi2Ta2O9/Bi4Ti3O12厚度配比为1∶3的复合薄膜的剩余极化强度和矫顽电场分别为8.1 μC/cm2 和 130 kV/cm,其无疲劳极化开关次数达1011以上.     

Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3体系的电子结构与极化特性

采用自洽场离散变分X_α计算方法,研究了ABO₃型钙钛矿结构无铅压电陶瓷Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃体系的电子结构,分析了A,B位元素取代对Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃压电陶瓷极化性能的影响.结果表明:NBT体系压电陶瓷材料存在自发极化,B位离子位移使铁电性增强,Ba,Sr与Mn离子A,B位复合取代可降低矫顽场、提高自发极化强度,从而提高材料的铁电性能,并通过实验对此结论进行了验证.     

La,V共掺杂的Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)铁电薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能测试

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)工艺在Pt/TiO2/SiO2/p-Si(100)衬底上制备出Bi4Ti3O12(BIT)和Bi3.25La0.75Ti2.97V0.03O12(BLTV)铁电薄膜,研究了La,V共掺杂对BIT薄膜的晶体结构和电学性能的影响.BIT薄膜为c轴择优取向,BLTV薄膜为随机取向,拉曼光谱分析表明V掺杂降低了TiO6(或VO6)八面体的对称性,也增强了Ti—O键(或V—O键)杂化.BLTV薄膜的剩余极化Pr为25.4μC/cm2,远大于BIT薄膜的9.2μC/cm2,表现出良好的铁电性能.疲劳、漏电流测试显示BLTV薄膜具有优良的抗疲劳特性和漏电流特性,表明La,V共掺杂能有效地降低薄膜中的氧空位.     

Electrical and structural properties of (Pb0.5Fe0.5)Sr2(RE0.5Ca0.5)Cu2Oz (RE: rare-earth element)

(Pb_0.5Fe_0.5)Sr₂(Y_0.5Ca_0.5)Cu₂O_z is known to have so-called “1-2-1-2” crystallographic structure which is one of typical structures of high-temperature superconducting cuprates (HTSC’s). While it possesses structural characteristics of HTSC’s, superconductivity has not been reported so far. In this study, phase formation, electrical properties and structural characteristics of this compound are investigated. It is shown that this phase can be synthesized using several kinds of rare-earth element and that post-annealing in O₂ is effective for decreasing electrical resistivity. The latter suggests that this “1-2-1-2” can be made superconducting by appropriate carrier-doping into the [Cu–O₂] plane. Preliminary Rietveld structural refinement using powder X-ray diffraction data show that the initial structural model based on the nominal (Pb,Fe)Sr₂(Y,Ca)Cu₂O_z is basically correct except for true site-distribution of Fe and Cu.     

Dielectric loss of half-doped manganite La_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)MnO_3

The dielectric loss tanδ of half-doped manganite La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 is investigated using Green's function technique. The La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 is described by the Kondo-lattice model in the double exchange limit, taking into account the Jahn-Teller distortion and the super-exchange interaction between the localized electrons. It is found that the intensity of tanδ decreases with increasing | ε JT |, V, and U. It is also observed that the transition temperature T P rises as | ε JT | and U increase. It is worth noting that T P remains unchanged and the strength of tanδ increases with increasing g. The calculated dielectric loss results are explained theoretically, and these behaviors are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.     

自发有序Ga_（0．5）In_（0．5）P合金的拉曼光谱研究

自发有序Ｇａ＿（０．５）Ｉｎ＿（０．５）Ｐ合金的拉曼光谱研究李国华，刘振先，韩和相，汪兆平，董建荣（中国科学院半导体研究所，半导体扭晶格国家重点实验室北京１０００８３）（中国科学院半导体研究所，半导体材料科学实验室北京１０００８３））ＲａｍａｎＳｃａ...     

MOCVD生长Ga0.5In0.5P外延层光学性质的研究

本文用光致发光(PL)研究了MOCVD(金属氧化物化学气相沉积)生长的有序Ga_0.5In_0.5P外延层的光学性质.发现有序程度较强的Ga_0.5In_0.5样品的PL谱中一峰的能量随温度升高,先增大而后又减小.根据已有的报道和本文的实验结果,提出了一个有序Ga_0.5In_0.5P的模型,模型中将有序Ga_0.5In_0.5P看作阶宽随机分布的Ⅱ型多量子阱结构,能带边之下存在带尾态,并用该模型对实验结果进行了较好的解释.     

纳米晶稀土复合氧化物Dy_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-Y)的光谱特性研究

研究了纳米晶Dy0 5 Sr0 5 CoO3 Y 的光谱特性 ,结果表明 :当晶粒尺寸减小至纳米量级时 ,发射光谱的激子峰波长蓝移 ;XRD ,FTIR谱表明 ,与体材料相比 ,纳米晶的衍射峰宽化 ,纳米晶的红外谱带大劈裂和宽化 ,表现为纳米尺寸量子化效应。     

Phase transition and near-zero thermal expansion of Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)VPO_7

The Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)VPO_7 is successfully synthesized by the solid-state method with near-zero thermal expansion. Powder x-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermal dilatometry, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) are used to investigate the structure, the phase transition, and the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) of Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)VPO_7. The investigation results show that the samples are of the single cubic type with a space group of Pa3ˉ at room temperature(RT).It can be inferred that the superstructure is transformed from the 3 × 3 × 3 superstructure to the 1 × 1 × 1 ideal crystal in a temperature range between 310 K and 323 K. The CTE is measured by a dilatometer to be 0.59 × 10~(-6) K~(-1)(310 K–673 K). The values of intrinsic(XRD) and extrinsic(dilatometric) thermal expansion are both near zero. The results show that Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)VPO_7 has near-zero thermal expansion behavior over a wide temperature range.     

Comparison of band structure and superconductivity in FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) and FeS

The isovalent iron chalcogenides,FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) and FeS,share similar lattice structures but behave very differently in superconducting properties.We study the underlying mechanism theoretically.By first principle calculations and tightbinding fitting,we find the spectral weight of the d_(X~2-Y~2) orbital changes remarkably in these compounds.While there are both electron and hole pockets in FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) and Fe S,a small hole pocket with a mainly d_(X~2-Y~2) character is absent in FeS.We find the spectral weights of d_(X~2-Y~2) orbital change remarkably,which contribute to electron and hole pockets in FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) but only to electron pockets in FeS.We then perform random-phase-approximation and unbiased singular-mode functional renormalization group calculations to investigate possible superconducting instabilities that may be triggered by electron-electron interactions on top of such bare band structures.For FeSe_(0.5)Te_(0.5) ,we find a fully gapped s~±-wave pairing that can be associated with spin fluctuations connecting electron and hole pockets.For Fe S,however,a nodal dxy(or d_(x~2-y~2) in an unfolded Broullin zone)is favorable and can be related to spin fluctuations connecting the electron pockets around the corner of the Brillouin zone.Apart from the difference in chacogenide elements,we propose the main source of the difference is from the d_(X~2-Y~2) orbital,which tunes the Fermi surface nesting vector and then influences the dominant pairing symmetry.     

Crystal structure and spin state of Fe0.5Co0.5(NCS)2(bpa)2

Fe(NCS)₂(bpa)₂, Co(NCS)₂(bpa)₂, and Fe_0.5Co_0.5(NCS)₂(bpa)₂ were synthesized. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the structure was the same among the three complexes. Although the metal-ligand distance in the mixed crystals was shorter than the distance in Fe(NCS)₂(bpa)₂ and was similar to that in Co(NCS)₂(bpa)₂, the spin state remained temperature-independent Fe^II high-spin state in ⁵⁷Fe M?ssbauer spectra.     

First-Principles Investigations of Pb_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)TiO_3 Alloys Based on Structure Predictions

Crystal structure predictions of Pb_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)TiO_3 alloys under different pressures are performed based on the particle swarming optimization algorithm.The predicted stable ground-state and high-pressure phases are tetragonal ferroelectric(I4mm) and cubic para-electric(Fm3m),respectively,whose structural details have not been reported.The pressure-induced colossal enhancements in piezoelectric response are associated with the mechanical and dynamical instabilities instead of polarization rotation.The band gap of the tetragonal phase is indirect and that of the cubic phase is always direct.As pressure increases,the alloy displays the similar band-gap behaviors to PbTiO_3,while different from BaTiO_3,which is attributed to the different orbital contributions to the valence bands.Our calculated results are in good agreement with the available data.     

LaB0.5Mn0.5O3(B=Co,Fe)的磁性及电输运特性的研究

采用固相烧结工艺制备了钙钛矿锰氧化物LaCo0.5Mn0.5 O3和LaFe0.5 Mn0.5O3,系统研究了样品的磁性、电输运特性和磁电阻效应.室温下LaCo0.5M0.5O3和LaFe0.5Mn0.5O3均呈现顺磁行为.电子顺磁共振得到LaFe0.5Mn0.5O3样品的朗德因子g=1.9661,与Fe3+离子(g=...