强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的磁场测量与垫补

强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的主体是一台紧凑型回旋加速器,加速器主磁铁材料的不均匀性,磁铁加工和安装的非理想因素将引起中心平面的磁场的非理想分布,因此有必要对其中心平面的磁场进行测量和垫补.本文主要讲述该综合试验装置的霍尔感应磁场测量系统的设计和使用;通过磁场测量数据分析进行镶条的再加工,最终实现对等时性磁场和束流的纵向聚焦的垫补;研究与实践了一种对磁场一次谐波进行垫补的方法,垫补的结果满足了设计的要求.     

强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的设计与建造

为了试验研究强流回旋加速器的整机设计技术,主磁铁、束流诊断等关键部件的设计与加工工艺技术,以完成lOOMeV回旋的设计验证,并为今后逐步提高流强创造试验条件,自2004年以来,陆续研究、设计、加工了一些关键部件,先后实验研究达到了单项技术指标;目前,已集成为一套强流回旋加速器的综合试验装置.本文报告该试验装置的设计与设备制造情况、磁场测量与垫补结果、10-15mA负氢离子源、高频腔和注入系统实验研究、内靶束流调试等工作.     

强流回旋加速器综合试验装置的设计与建造

为了试验研究强流回旋加速器的整机设计技术, 主磁铁、束流诊断等关键部件的设计与加工工艺技术, 以完成100MeV回旋的设计验证, 并为今后逐步提高流强创造试验条件, 自2004年以来, 陆续研究、设计、加工了一些关键部件, 先后实验研究达到了单项技术指标; 目前, 已集成为一套强流回旋加速器的综合试验装置. 本文报告该试验装置的设计与设备制造情况、磁场测量与垫补结果、10—15mA负氢离子源、高频腔和注入系统实验研究、内靶束流调试等工作.     

小型回旋加速器全自动化磁场测量和精密垫补平台研制

针对核医学诊疗对PET医用放射性核素的需求,中国原子能科学研究院正在开展PET医用小型回旋加速器的产业化研究。磁场测量和垫补是回旋加速器生产中的必经环节,小型回旋加速器结构紧凑实现磁场测量仪的全自动化控制是一个难点,解决常规垫补方法加工成本高和周期长的问题是产业化生产的关键。本文详细介绍小型回旋加速器全自动化磁场测量和精密垫补平台的研制,通过多台小型回旋加速器的磁场测量和垫补实践,发展一套快速磁场测量和垫补流程,实现全自动化测量方法缩短磁场测量周期,采用精密垫补算法减少垫补次数。在保证磁场测量和垫补工作高效高质量完成的条件下,极大降低了时间和加工成本,为小型回旋加速器的产业化生产打下基础。目前,中国原子能科学研究院已经完成多台小型回旋加速器的商业化落地。     

正电子发射成像回旋加速器磁铁设计与测试

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所目前正在建造一台医用11 MeV回旋加速器,该加速器磁铁采用小气隙、深谷结构以提供更高的平均磁场和更强的聚焦能力。为实现510-4的测量精度,自行研发了一套磁场点测装置,该装置可实现二维极坐标下的精确测量。经过多次磁场垫补,束流的相位偏移控制在9,一次谐波幅值控制在0.001 T以内,满足了磁铁的设计需求。在束流调试过程中,成功实现了质子束的引出,表明回旋加速器磁铁建造成功。此外,还对磁铁研制过程中出现的磁场缺陷及磁测误差进行了讨论。     

CSR60°二极C型铁磁场特性的研究

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环主环注入线二极C型磁铁首次采用了磁极头中埋置垫补线圈调整磁场均匀度的设计.在其磁场测量中,使用了点测和积分测量的方法对其各方面特性参数进行了测量,并对积分场的测量结果以及内置垫补线圈对均匀场的垫补效果进行了详细的非线性分析.     

HIRFL-CSRe二极铁积分磁场测量

 介绍了兰州重力加速器冷却储存环实验环二极磁铁积分长线圈测磁装置的构成，描述了实验环二极铁的分散性测量、横向分布测量、传递函数等测量内容及测量方法。实验环二极铁采用不断地加减硅钢铁片垫补和加调整线圈电流的方法来调整二极磁铁的有效长度来改变分散性。通过垫补和测量，二极磁铁的分散性在优化磁场时达到±2×10^-4。同时给出了二极铁的横向分布和传递函数的测量结果。对二极铁的设计和加工进行了修正。     

兰州重离子治癌装置同步加速器切割磁铁研制

切割磁铁作为同步加速器注入引出的关键部件之一,对磁场及切割板结构都有严格的要求。介绍了兰州重离子治癌装置(HIMM)同步加速器切割磁铁的设计情况,基于磁场优化软件OPERA,对切割磁铁磁场均匀度及杂散场的分布进行了详细的分析。根据磁场要求优化结构设计,完成了磁铁的加工。磁场测量结果分析显示,有效场区范围内磁场均匀度优于设计结果。同时通过对磁铁端部屏蔽处理,在环内侧管道处杂散磁场降到2mT以内,满足物理设计要求。     

冷却储存环主环注入线二极磁铁测量

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环工程主环注入线二极磁铁的测磁系统和测磁结果。着重分析了垫补线圈和极头削斜两种手段对C型弯曲二极磁铁积分磁场径向分布均匀度的调节效果。并且分析了TOSCA三维磁场计算程序与实际测量结果之间的误差及其产生的原因。     

HIAF-BRing快脉冲二极磁铁磁场测量系统

介绍了强流重离子加速器装置HIAF(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility)项目增强器BRing(Booster Ring)快脉冲二极磁铁的性能指标、测量要求和测量方法,描述了快脉冲二极磁铁稳态磁场测量系统及动态磁场测量系统的构成。在稳态磁场测量中,为提高积分磁场测量精度和测量效率,长线圈测量系统采用了on fly技术;在动态磁场测量中,研制了用于磁场延迟及磁场畸变测量的矩阵线圈。通过样机磁铁的测量,完成了测量系统的性能指标验证和磁铁的稳态磁场测量。实测结果表明,样机磁铁的设计和制造均达到了预期指标,并依据测量数据完成了磁铁的二次削斜。     

基于虚拟样机的回旋加速器主磁铁设计与修正

 磁铁设计对于等时性回旋加速器极为关键。磁场分布需要满足粒子等时性加速和粒子径向、轴向聚集要求，同时避免危险的横向共振。提出了一种计算机辅助的自动化磁铁设计、建模和修正的方法，该方法在基于Python混合编程的虚拟样机集成设计环境中实现。详细描述了利用3维电磁场仿真软件TOSCA和自主开发的粒子束跟踪软件PTP对磁铁的优化过程，并给出了一个16 MeV负氢紧凑型回旋加速器的主磁铁设计实例。     

高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪匀场系统的设计与实现

磁场的高均匀性是高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪实现短弛豫时间样品和微弱信号核磁共振（NMR）检测的基本保障.该文以0.45 T双极型永磁体作为设计核心部件,在大范围磁体空间-25.4 mm球空间（DSV）内,基于目标场法设计了X、Y、Z、XY、XZ、YZ、Z²共7组有源匀场线圈,根据线圈供电要求,设计了可编程恒流电源,搭建了可用于高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪磁体的有源匀场系统,介绍了系统的基本结构、设计过程及匀场方法.实验测试结果验证了大范围磁体空间内该匀场系统的实用性.     

Active ferromagnetic shimming of the permanent magnet for magnetic resonance imaging scanner

This paper presents an approach of active ferromagnetic shimming for C-type permanent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet.It is designed to reduce inhomogeneity of magnetostatic field of C-type permanent magnet to meet the stringent requirement for MRI applications.An optimal configuration (locations and thicknesses) of active ferromagnetic pieces is generated through calculation according to the initial field map and the demanded final homogeneity specifications.This approach uses a minimisation technique which makes the sum of squared magnetic moment minimum to restrict the amount of the active ferromagnetic material used and the maximal thickness of pieces stacked at each hole location in the shimming boards.Simulation and experimental results verify that the method is valid and efficient.     

光学速调管改造后辐射段磁场垫补和测量

 合肥国家同步辐射实验室正在开展储存环相干谐波自由电子激光研究，并对原来的光学速调管进行了改造。磁场的垫补和测量方法由原来的整体测量改为分段进行，垫补的使用使各段积分场及位相误差都尽可能小。详述了合肥储存环的光学速调管辐射段磁场垫补的三种方式，测量了垫补前后不同间隙下积分场分布、位相误差及横向均匀度，各项指标都达到了要求。同样的方法将用于色散段和调制段磁场垫补与测量中，为相干谐波自由电子激光研究提供实验保障。     

An Optimized Passive Shimming Method for Bi-planar Permanent MRI Magnets

An optimized passive shimming method with iron shims is presented in this paper. First, the influence value of a single iron or magnetized shim is fast calculated and determined by analytic solution with a single practical measurement. Then, the correlation between the influence value and parameters of a single shim is analyzed, and the proper parameters, including the position, polarity, and size (radius and thickness), of the shimming pieces are well selected. Finally, the numbers and locations of the passive shims are optimized by mixed-integer linear programming method based on a modified central magnetic field. The optimized method is applied to a 0.5 T Bi-planar permanent magnet magnetic resonance imaging system, and the presented results prove the efficacy of this optimized passive shimming methodology.     

Combined passive and active shimming for in vivo MR spectroscopy at high magnetic fields

The use of high magnetic fields increases the sensitivity and spectral dispersion in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of brain metabolites. Practical limitations arise, however, from susceptibility-induced field distortions, which are increased at higher magnetic field strengths. Solutions to this problem include optimized shimming, provided that active, i.e., electronic, shimming can operate over a sufficient range. To meet our shim requirements, which were an order of magnitude greater than the active shim capacity of our 7T MR system, we developed a combined passive and active shim approach. Simple geometries of ferromagnetic shim elements were derived and numerically optimized to generate a complete set of second-order spherical harmonic shim functions in a modular manner. The major goals of the shim design were maximization of shim field accuracy and ease of practical implementation. The theoretically optimized ferro-shim geometries were mounted on a cylindrical surface and placed inside the magnet bore, surrounding the subject's head and the RF coil. Passive shimming generated very strong shim fields and eliminated the worst of the field distortions, after which the field was further optimized by flexible and highly accurate active shimming. Here, the passive-shimming procedure was first evaluated theoretically, then applied in phantom studies and subsequently validated for in vivo 1H MRS in the macaque visual cortex. No artifacts due to the passive shim setup were observed; adjustments were reproducible between sessions. The modularity and the reduction to two pieces per shim term in this study is an important simplification that makes the method applicable also for passive shimming within single sessions. The feasibility of very strong, flexible and high-quality shimming via a combined approach of passive and active shimming is of great practical relevance for MR imaging and spectroscopy at high field strengths where shim power is limited or where shimming of specific anatomical regions inherently requires strong shim fields.     

Shim coil design for Halbach magnet by equivalent magnetic dipole method

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet(2 MHz) is required for rock core analysis. However, due to its low field strength, it is hard to achieve a high uniform B_0 field only by using the passive shimming. Therefore, active shimming is necessarily used to further improve uniformity for Halbach magnet. In this work, an equivalent magnetic dipole method is presented for designing shim coils. The minimization of the coil power dissipation is considered as an optimal object to minimize coil heating effect, and the deviation from the target field is selected as a penalty function term. The lsqnonlin optimization toolbox of MATLAB is used to solve the optimization problem. Eight shim coils are obtained in accordance with the contour of the stream function. We simulate each shim coil by ANSYS Maxwell software to verify the validity of the designed coils. Measurement results of the field distribution of these coils are consistent with those of the target fields.The uniformity of the B_0 field is improved from 114.2 ppm to 26.9 ppm after using these shim coils.     

The physics design of magnet in 14 MeV cyclotron

The 14 MeV, 400 μA compact cyclotron is under construction at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The design of main magnet and the result of beam dynamics in the cyclotron will be described in this paper, including the choice of main parameters of magnet, the method of shimming isochronous field in the compact cyclotron and optimization of the magnetic field in central region. The beam will be accelerated to 14.6 MeV by optimizing the magnet structure.

     

High-order MR shimming: a simulation study of the effectiveness of competing methods, using an established susceptibility model of the human head

The first step in the process of shimming a magnetic field is to characterize it by obtaining a field map and decomposing that map into a convenient set of basis functions. The strength of each member of the set is then calculated. Finally, a set of correction elements which generate fields corresponding to the same spatial distribution as the basis functions is energized so that the sum of their fields and the error fields is substantially zero. The basis functions used typically are solutions to Laplace’s equation and have been shown to be very effective when the region of interest is substantially free space. This paper addresses issues associated with shimming the magnetic field in a region in which there is a distribution of materials with different susceptibilities and which therefore is not free space. In such a region, Laplace’s equation is no longer valid and in principle cannot be used to describe the magnetic field there. It is demonstrated that in spite of this, the same set of basis functions suffices for analyzing the field and the same set of elements suffices for correcting the field. The motivation for this study stems from the need to improve the magnetic field homogeneity when biological specimens are being imaged by magnetic resonance. In particular, this paper describes a study carried out by various simulated shimming strategies to improve the uniformity of the magnetic field over a multitissue model of susceptibility of the human head. The topics of magnetic susceptibility, the effect of shimming on MR images, shimming hardware and shimming methods are briefly reviewed. Two slices of the human head model were selected for detailed study, both offset inferior to the origin and including the base of the brain and the anterior sinus. The results of the study include comparisons between the strategies of global shimming, local slice-selective shimming and combinations of the two; the effects of shimming to various orders of spherical harmonics; and the effects of rotation and displacement of the head with respect to the shim frame of reference.