矩形光栅的衍射特性

本文采用严格的一阶耦合波理论,对矩形光栅的衍射特性进行了分析,给出了TE模和TM模同时具有很高的衍射效率时的光栅结构。计算表明:只有在满足Bragg衍射条件时,TE模和TM模才能达到峰值衍射效率。为了验证理论与编制程序的正确性,将计算结果与已有的资料进行了比较.     

光学波段量子点阵衍射光栅的衍射特性

 概述了量子点阵衍射光栅的原理及制作方法,并设计标定实验,研究了不同角度及不同波长入射情况下量子点阵光栅的衍射特性。研究结果表明：量子点阵光栅不存在高级衍射,只保留了±1级和0级衍射,具有理想的单级衍射模式。光学波段量子点阵衍射光栅的成功研制为研制紫外、X光波段具有单级衍射特征的光栅提供了契机。     

直尺衍射现象及分析

衍射是光的波动性的一个重要特征,而光栅衍射则是其中一类常见且重要的衍射现象.当激光束入射直尺边缘或表面时会出现半圆形衍射光斑,其产生机理并不清楚.针对直尺边缘与表面的半圆形衍射光斑,本文理论结合实验分析了其产生机理.研究发现,当直尺表面或侧面存在规则的类光栅结构时,其衍射光斑为半圆形.利用标准二值光栅模型分析了直尺衍射问题,发现半圆形衍射光斑起源于多套光栅衍射的叠加.     

光盘光学系统的矢量衍射理论分析

本文以完整的矢量衍射理论分析了光盘光学系统。首先将入射的聚焦光束分解为平面波谱 ,得到每个平面波的振幅矢量 ;然后计算光盘对每个平面波的衍射 ,得到衍射波的振幅矢量 ,从而得到了整个衍射波场的空间频谱 ;最后计算物镜光瞳上的能通量 ,得到光盘系统的读出信号。在衍射计算中 ,光盘被定义为二维金属光栅 ,根据信息符的不同模型 ,选用坐标变换方法、耦合波方法或模态方法。对于典型的 DVD光学系统来说 ,矢量理论的结论与标量理论相差甚远 ,要得到正确的结果就必须采用矢量衍射理论     

对称面形光栅TE模的衍射特性

本文采用耦合波方法计算了对称面形光栅的衍射效率,分析了光栅截面面形为正弦、三角形、矩形、梯形光栅衍射效率与光栅周期、沟槽深度的关系,计算了光栅的峰值衍射效率。理论计算表明:合理地选择光栅周期、沟槽深度,对称面形光栅都可以达到很高衍射效率,接近100%;光栅的峰值衍射效率基本出现在Bragg衍射且光栅的周期等于衍射波长时。     

平面透射光栅的菲涅耳衍射

从标量场的菲涅耳衍射理论出发,研究了球面波入射平面透射光栅的衍射场,导出菲涅耳衍射场的复振幅分布,并得到光栅菲涅耳衍射角的计算公式．结果表明,在理想情况下菲涅耳衍射的每一级衍射波都是一个球面波;在对菲涅耳衍射角进行新的定义后,衍射角的计算仍然可以采用夫琅禾费衍射的光栅方程．     

反射式单级衍射光栅

介绍了单级衍射光栅的发展趋势, 从理论上论证了单级衍射光栅的可行性, 引入了一种新型衍射光学元件—-准正弦反射式单级衍射光栅(QSRG). 它能有效抑制高级衍射, 可用于提高光谱系统的信噪比和精度. 而通过QSRG的实验结果也验证了此新型色散元件确实具有良好的单级衍射特性, 二级及以上的高级衍射被有效地抑制, 与理论预测几乎一致. 本文的结果可望在反射式光谱测量系统中得到广泛应用.     

锥形光栅衍射特性分析

针对光学绝对式编码器的分辨率和尺寸之间的矛盾,自行设计了一种锥形光栅进行高位细分.以夫琅和费衍射理论为基础,分析了锥形光栅的光学衍射特性,初步推导了利用锥形光栅实现光学细分的基本原理,并通过实验验证了上述的理论分析结果.     

用耦合波方法研究取样光栅的衍射特性

介绍了利用耦合波理论编写计算光栅衍射特性程序的基本思想和主要步骤.利用编写的程序计算并分析了一种用于激光取样光栅TE波和TM波的衍射特性.     

倾斜因子对夫琅禾费衍射强度的影响

利用傅里叶光学详细讨论了斜入射情况下的夫琅禾费衍射,导出了大角度斜入射和衍射下的光强理论分布,分析了倾斜因子对衍射花样的影响.利用该理论对平行光斜入射光栅衍射实验的衍射花样进行了理论模拟,理论与实验基本相符.     

光纤光栅带内色散特性的离散时域分析

采用多层介质的离散传输线模型表型光纤光栅响应特性，并利用数字信号处理方法对光纤光栅的相位特性进行了分析，研究了用于密集波分复用窄带滤波的变迹光纤光栅的带内色散特性，表明对称变迹光纤光栅的幅度响应与相位响应之间满足希尔伯特变换关系，幅度响应越接近理想的矩形，带内色散越大。并采用耦合模理论数值计算了对称变迹的光纤光栅的反射相位响应和带内群时延情况，验证了分析结果。     

亚微米光栅的制作和零级衍射效率滤波特性的验证

从亚微米光栅的特点出发,分析了应用于防伪技术领域的亚微米光栅的各项关键制作技术和特点,制作了具有零级衍射效率滤波特性和用于光变色防伪的亚微米光栅,光栅零级衍射效率滤波特性的测量结果与使用耦合波理论计算得到的结果是完全一致的。由此可以根据防伪技术所需要的滤波特性设计亚微米光栅的参数。     

Diffraction gratings: aberrations and applications

Diffraction grating is an optical instrument, which is advantageously used for scientific research in spectroscopy and spatial filtering. It has many other applications in science and technology such as wavelength selectors for tuneable lasers, selective surfaces for solar energy, masks for photolithography, beam sampling mirrors for high power lasers, spectrometers in extreme UV and X-ray regions for space optics, metrology, phase measuring interferometry and pattern recognition, etc. Although the holographic gratings have many advantages over the ruled gratings but they have not yet eliminated completely the classical ruled gratings as the ruled gratings have their own importance in many applications. Therefore, in this article, both the ruled and holographic gratings will be discussed, in particular, their focusing properties, aberrations, and their applications.     

Study on tapered crossed subwavelength gratings by Fourier modal method

Fourier modal method incorporating staircase approximation is used to study tapered crossed subwavelength gratings in this paper. Three intuitive formulations of eigenvalue functions originating from the prototype are presented, and their convergences are compared through numerical calculation. One of them is found to be suitable in modeling the diffraction efficiency of the circular tapered crossed subwavelength gratings without high absorption, and staircase approximation is further proven valid for non-highly-absorptive tapered gratings. This approach is used to simulate the ``moth-eye' antireflection surface on silicon, and the numerical result agrees well with the experimental one.     

凹面光栅衍射效率的研究进展

凹面光栅因同时具有聚焦和色散功能而广泛应用于各类紫外、可见和红外波段的光谱分析仪器中,尤其是平场凹面光栅可以结合线阵或面阵探测器来实现即时分析。凹面光栅衍射效率的高低直接影响光谱仪器的信噪比和信号采集,其相关研究也逐渐为人们所关注。介绍了凹面光栅衍射效率的研究进展,比较了由机械刻划法和全息法制作的凹面光栅在掠入射下衍射效率的差别,分析了现有计算衍射效率方法的优缺点,并且对凹面光栅衍射效率的研究趋势做了简要预测,提出了需要同时在凹面光栅的主截面和非主截面内考虑光束对其衍射效率的影响。     

Identifying a dot-matrix hologram by checking the intersecting angles of its gratings

Three features about the intersecting state of two gratings are used to identify dot-matrix holograms created by two-beam writers in this paper. The first feature is the intersection angle of the fringes of two gratings. The second feature is the ratio of the pitches of two lowest-order moiré-patterns formed by overlapping two gratings. The third feature is the length ratio of the two diagonal lines of a parallelogram constructed by two neighboring fringes of a first grating and two neighboring fringes of a second grating. All the three features are equivalent, i.e. they are all relative to the intersection angle of two gratings. Because the grating orientations of grating dots cannot be accurately reproduced for the orientation uncertainties of the components used by a two-beam writer, the intersection angles of the gratings of grating dots cannot be easily counterfeited. Therefore, the proposed methods are practical and feasible for the anti-counterfeiting applications of dot-matrix holograms.     

间隔叠合式双层亚波长光栅

提出了一种应用价值较高的防伪光栅结构-间隔叠合式双层亚波长光栅,可以展宽基本光栅的光谱峰值带宽、改善光谱线形和光变效果.分析了亚波长光栅光谱峰值带宽展宽和线形改善的原理,用矢量衍射理论验证了理论分析的合理性,并对特定防伪光变设计要求的双层光栅进行了参量优化和光变特性分析.结果表明,满足同相位条件的光谱线形与基本光栅相同,带宽为基本光栅的两倍;满足反相位条件的光谱线形为准矩形,带宽大于基本光栅;亚波长光栅在传统和非传统照明条件下倾斜均能产生彩色光变效果,且传统照明情况下的光变速率较大,利用这种光变速率差可以制作各向异性光变效果.     

Nonsinusoidal absorption gratings in photographic materials

The diffraction efficiencies of pure absorption gratings are investigated in photographic materials using a coupled multiwave analysis with a realistic photographic film model. It is, for example, shown that the maximum efficiency of the order +1 of non-sinosoidal absorption gratings is almost independent of the generally used regime indicator Q′. Examples of diffraction characteristics for thin absorption gratings are included.     

Analysis of Complex Dielectric Phase Gratings by Hybrid FEM-Gaussian Mode Expansion Technique

Hybrid technique of finite element method (FEM) and Gaussian mode expansion method is implemented for the analysis of transmission property of dielectric phase gratings used in holographic power combining systems. It takes advantages of the versatility of FEM and the simplicity of the mode expansion method. Apparently, this hybrid method is well suited for the analysis of phase gratings with complex profiles, which provide more degrees of structural freedom than those of classical rectangular groove gratings. The transmitted fields of an array of two and three fundamental Gaussian beams through the multi-stepped and curved gratings are calculated by the hybrid method. Numerical results show that much less phase distortion can be fulfilled for the reconstructed pseudo-plane wave by the modified phase gratings, especially the curved ones. This is advantageous for improving the combining efficiency in spatial millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave power combining systems.     

用于位移传感器的全息平面变间距光栅设计与制作研究

简述了全息变间距光栅的几何理论.利用遗传算法对记录光路进行了优化计算，提出在目标函数中考虑记录参数误差的影响，推导了目标函数的积分形式，提高了计算效率.针对用于位移传感器的平面变间距光栅，分别计算了球面波干涉及球面波与非球面波干涉情况下的全息记录参数，给出了线密度误差曲线.制作出全息平面变间距光栅，并成功应用于位移传感器中. 关键词： 全息光栅 变间距光栅 遗传算法