基于感光栅极GaN高迁移率晶体管的新型探测器制备与优化（英文）

利用GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)的栅控特性和锆钛酸铅(PZT)铁电薄膜的光伏效应,在HEMT器件的栅极处沉积一层PZT铁电薄膜,提出了一种新型的(光敏感层/HEMT)探测结构.为制备出光伏性能优异的薄膜,对不同的溅射功率和退火温度制备的PZT铁电薄膜进行表面形貌和铁电性能分析.发现200 W溅射功率、700℃的退火温度制备的薄膜表面晶粒生长明显,剩余极化强度为38.0μC·cm-2.工艺制备GaN基HEMT器件并把PZT薄膜沉积到器件栅极上.在无光和365nm紫外光照射下对有、无铁电薄膜的HEMT探测器的输出特性进行测试.结果显示,在光照时,有铁电薄膜的HEMT器件相较于无光时,源-漏饱和电压最多降低3.55V,饱和电流最多增加5.84mA,表明新型感光栅极HEMT探测器对紫外光具有优异的探测效果.为实现对新型探测器的结构进行优化的目的,对栅长为1μm、2μm和3μm等不同栅长的探测器进行光照测试.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,三种探测器的漏极饱和电流分别为23mA、20mA和17mA,所以栅长越长器件的饱和电流越小,探测性能越差.     

感光栅极GaN基HEMT器件的制备与栅极优化

铁电材料作为感光功能薄膜的红外器件研究近年来十分活跃,其良好的压电、铁电、热释电、光电及非线性光学特性以及能够与半导体工艺相集成等特点,在微电子和光电子技术领域有着广阔的应用前景。实验将铁电材料锆钛酸铅作为感光层与GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)相结合,成功地制备出了感光栅极GaN基HEMT器件,并在波长为365 nm的光照下进行探测,经大量实验测试后发现器件在该波段的光照下饱和电流达到28 mA,相比无光照时饱和电流提高12 mA。另外,通过合理改变器件结构尺寸,包括器件栅长以及栅漏间距,发现随着栅长的增大,器件的饱和输出电流依次减小,而栅漏间距的变化对阈值电压以及饱和电流的影响并不大。由此可知,改变器件结构参数可以达到提高器件性能的目的并且可以提高探测效率。     

高场应力及栅应力下AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件退化研究

采用不同的高场应力和栅应力对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件进行直流应力测试,实验发现：应力后器件主要参数如饱和漏电流,跨导峰值和阈值电压等均发生了明显退化,而且这些退化还是可以完全恢复的;高场应力下,器件特性的退化随高场应力偏置电压的增加和应力时间的累积而增大;对于不同的栅应力,相对来说,脉冲栅应力和开态栅应力下器件特性的退化比关态栅应力下的退化大.对不同应力前后器件饱和漏电流,跨导峰值和阈值电压的分析表明,AlGaN势垒层陷阱俘获沟道热电子以及栅极电子在栅漏间电场的作用下填充虚栅中的表面态是这些不同应 关键词： AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件 表面态(虚栅) 势垒层陷阱 应力     

AlGaN表面坑状缺陷及GaN缓冲层位错缺陷对AlGaN/GaN HEMT电流崩塌效应的影响

利用金属有机气相外延(MOVPE)技术生长了具有不同AlGaN表面坑状缺陷和GaN缓冲层位错缺陷密度的AlGaN/GaN 高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)样品,并对比研究了两种缺陷对器件栅、漏延迟电流崩塌效应的影响.栅延迟测试表明,AlGaN表面坑状缺陷会引起栅延迟电流崩塌效应和源漏电阻的增加,而且表面坑状缺陷越多,栅延迟电流崩塌程度和源漏电阻的增加越明显.漏延迟测试显示,AlGaN表面坑状缺陷对漏延迟电流崩塌影响不大,而GaN缓冲层位错缺陷主要影响漏延迟电流崩塌.研究结果表明,AlGaN表面坑状缺陷和Ga 关键词： AlGaN/GaN HEMT 电流崩塌 坑状缺陷 位错缺陷     

Al2O3绝缘层的AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT器件研究

在研制AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的基础上,采用ALD法制备了Al2O3 AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT器件.通过X射线光电子能谱测试表明在AlGaN/GaN异质结材料上成功淀积了Al2O3薄膜.根据对HEMT和MOSHEMT器件肖特基电容、器件输出以及转移特性的测试进行分析发现:所制备的Al2O3,薄膜与AlGaN外延层间界面态密度较小,因而MOSHEMT器件呈现出较好的栅控性能;其次,该器件的栅压可以加至 3 V,此时的最大饱和电流达到800 mA/mm,远远高于肖特基栅HEMT器件的最大输出电流;而且栅漏反偏状态下的泄漏电流却减小了两个数量级,提高了器件的击穿电压,通过进一步分析认为泄漏电流主要来源于Fowler-Nordheim隧穿.     

60Co γ射线辐射对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的影响

采用⁶⁰Co γ射线辐射源对非钝化保护的AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件进行了1 Mrad(Si)的总剂量辐射,实验发现辐射累积剂量越大,器件尺寸越小,器件饱和漏电流和跨导下降越明显,同时辐射后器件栅泄漏电流明显增大,而阈值电压变化很小. 对辐射前后器件的沟道串联电阻和阈值电压变化的分析表明,辐射感生表面态负电荷的产生是造成AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件电特性退化的主要原因之一. 关键词： AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件 γ射线辐射 表面态     

AlGaN/GaN双异质结F注入增强型高电子迁移率晶体管

理论模拟了不同GaN沟道厚度的双异质结(AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN/GaN)材料对高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)特性的影响,并模拟了不同F注入剂量下用该材料制作的增强型器件的特性差异.采用双异质结材料,结合F注入工艺成功地研制出了较高正向阈值电压的增强型HEMT器件.实验研究了三种GaN沟道厚度制作的增强型器件直流特性的差异,与模拟结果进行了对比验证.采用降低的F注入等离子体功率,减小了等离子体处理工艺对器件沟道迁移率的损伤,研制出的器件未经高温退火即实现了较高的跨导和饱和电流特性.对14 nm GaN沟道厚度的器件进行了阈值电压温度稳定性和栅泄漏电流的比较研究,并且分析了双异质结器件的漏致势垒降低效应.     

具有高阈值电压和大栅压摆幅的常关型槽栅AlGaN/GaN金属氧化物半导体高电子迁移率晶体管（英文）

介绍了一种具有高阈值电压和大栅压摆幅的常关型槽栅AlGaN/GaN金属氧化物半导体高电子迁移率晶体管。采用原子层淀积(ALD)方法实现Al_2O_3栅介质的沉积。槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的栅长(Lg)为2μm,栅宽(Wg)为0.9 mm(0.45 mm×2),栅极和源极(Lgs)之间的距离为5μm,栅极和漏极(Lgd)之间的距离为10μm。在栅压为-20 V时,槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的栅漏电仅为0.65 nA。在栅压为+12 V时,槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的栅漏电为225 nA。器件的栅压摆幅为-20~+12V。在栅压V_(gs)=+10 V时,槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT电流和饱和电流密度分别达到了98 mA和108 mA/mm(Wg=0.9 mm),特征导通电阻为4 mΩ·cm2。槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的阈值电压为+4.6 V,开启与关断电流比达到了5×108。当V_(ds)=7 V时,器件的峰值跨导为42 mS/mm(Wg=0.9 mm,V_(gs)=+10 V)。在V_(gs)=0 V时,栅漏间距为10μm的槽栅常关型AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT的关断击穿电压为450 V,关断泄露电流为0.025 mA/mm。     

60Co γ射线辐射对AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的影响

采用60 Co γ射线辐射源对非钝化保护的AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)器件进行了1 Mrad(Si)的总剂量辐射,实验发现辐射累积剂量越大,器件尺寸越小,器件饱和漏电流和跨导下降越明显,同时辐射后器件栅泄漏电流明显增大,而阈值电压变化很小. 对辐射前后器件的沟道串联电阻和阈值电压变化的分析表明,辐射感生表面态负电荷的产生是造成AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件电特性退化的主要原因之一.     

具有p-GaN岛状埋层耐压结构的横向AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)相对较低的击穿电压严重限制了其大功率应用.为了进一步改善器件的击穿特性,通过在n-GaN外延缓冲层中引入六个等间距p-GaN岛掩埋缓冲层(PIBL)构成p-n结,提出一种基于p-GaN埋层结构的新型高耐压AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件结构.Sentaurus TCAD仿真结果表明,在关态高漏极电压状态下,p-GaN埋层引入的多个反向p-n结不仅能够有效调制PIBL AlGaN/GaN HEMT的表面电场和体电场分布,而且对于缓冲层泄漏电流有一定的抑制作用,这保证了栅漏间距为10μm的PIBL HEMT能够达到超过1700 V的高击穿电压(BV),是常规结构AlGaN/GaN HEMT击穿电压(580 V)的3倍.同时,PIBL结构AlGaN/GaN HEMT的特征导通电阻仅为1.47 m?·cm~2,因此获得了高达1966 MW·cm~(-2)的品质因数(FOM=BV~2/R_(on,sp)).相比于常规的AlGaN/GaN HEMT,基于新型p-GaN埋岛结构的HEMT器件在保持较低特征导通电阻的同时具有更高的击穿电压,这使得该结构在高功率电力电子器件领域具有很好的应用前景.     

具有部分本征GaN帽层新型AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管特性分析

为了优化传统Al GaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(high electron mobility transistors,HEMTs)器件的表面电场,提高击穿电压,本文提出了一种具有部分本征GaN帽层的新型Al GaN/GaN HEMTs器件结构.新型结构通过在Al GaN势垒层顶部、栅电极到漏电极的漂移区之间引入部分本征GaN帽层,由于本征GaN帽层和Al GaN势垒层界面处的极化效应,降低了沟道二维电子气(two dimensional electron gas,2DEG)的浓度,形成了栅边缘低浓度2DEG区域,使得沟道2DEG浓度分区,由均匀分布变为阶梯分布.通过调制沟道2DEG的浓度分布,从而调制了Al GaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场.利用电场调制效应,产生了新的电场峰,且有效降低了栅边缘的高峰电场,Al GaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场分布更加均匀.利用ISE-TCAD软件仿真分析得出:通过设计一定厚度和长度的本征GaN帽层,Al GaN/GaN HEMTs器件的击穿电压从传统结构的427 V提高到新型结构的960 V.由于沟道2DEG浓度减小,沟道电阻增加,使得新型Al GaN/GaN HEMTs器件的最大输出电流减小了9.2%,截止频率几乎保持不变,而最大振荡频率提高了12%.     

阶梯AlGaN外延新型Al_(0.25)Ga_(0.75)N/GaNHEMTs击穿特性分析

为了优化AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件表面电场,提高击穿电压,本文首次提出了一种新型阶梯AlGaN/GaN HEMTs结构.新结构利用AlGaN/GaN异质结形成的2DEG浓度随外延AlGaN层厚度降低而减小的规律,通过减薄靠近栅边缘外延的AlGaN层,使沟道2DEG浓度分区,形成栅边缘低浓度2DEG区,低的2DEG使阶梯AlGaN交界出现新的电场峰,新电场峰的出现有效降低了栅边缘的高峰电场,优化了AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场分布,使器件击穿电压从传统结构的446 V,提高到新结构的640 V.为了获得与实际测试结果一致的击穿曲线,本文在GaN缓冲层中设定了一定浓度的受主型缺陷,通过仿真分析验证了国际上外延GaN缓冲层时掺入受主型离子的原因,并通过仿真分析获得了与实际测试结果一致的击穿曲线.     

阶梯AlGaN外延新型Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaNHEMTs器件实验研究

本文报道了作者提出的阶梯AlGaN外延层新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs结构的实验结果. 实验利用感应耦合等离子体刻蚀(ICP)刻蚀栅边缘的AlGaN外延层, 形成阶梯的AlGaN 外延层结构, 获得浓度分区的沟道2DEG, 使得阶梯AlGaN外延层边缘出现新的电场峰, 有效降低栅边缘的高峰电场, 从而优化了AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件的表面电场分布. 实验获得了阈值电压-1.5 V的新型AlGaN/GaN HEMTs器件. 经过测试, 同样面积的器件击穿电压从传统结构的67 V提高到新结构的106 V, 提高了58%左右; 脉冲测试下电流崩塌量也比传统结构减少了30%左右, 电流崩塌效应得到了一定的缓解.     

Optimization of two-dimensional electron gases and – characteristics for AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices

In this paper, we take account of the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization effect at the heterointerface in the AlGaN/GaN HEMT device, and one-dimensional Schrödinger–Poisson equations are solved self-consistently using a nonuniform mesh; using our findings, the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure conduction band and the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density are investigated. The dependences of the 2DEG characteristics on the Al fraction, the thickness of each layer, the donor concentration and the gate voltage are investigated through simulation. The output characteristics are simulated using a quasi-2D model; a saturation voltage and threshold voltage are also shown. The influence of the spacer layer width on the 2DEG density is calculated for the first time. An explanation and analyses are given.     

A unified drain current 1/f noise model for GaN-based high electron mobility transistors

In this work, we present a theoretical and experimental study on the drain current 1/f noise in the AIGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT）. Based on both mobility fluctuation and carrier number fluctuation in a two- dimensional electron gas （2DEG） channel of AlGaN/GaN HEMT, a unified drain current 1/f noise model containing a piezoelectric polarization effect and hot carrier effect is built. The drain current 1/f noise induced by the piezoelectric polarization effect is distinguished from that induced by the hot carrier effect through experiments and simulations. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Experiments show that after hot carrier injection, the drain current 1/f noise increases four orders of magnitude and the electrical parameter degradation Agm/gm reaches 54.9%. The drain current 1/f noise degradation induced by the piezoelectric effect reaches one order of magnitude; the electrical parameter degradation Agm/gm is 11.8%. This indicates that drain current 1/f noise of the GaN-based HEMT device is sensitive to the hot carrier effect and piezoelectric effect. This study provides a useful reliability characterization tool for the A1GaN/GaN HEMTs.     

Ni/Au Schottky gate oxidation and BCB passivation for high-breakdown-voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMT

A new AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) employing Ni/Au Schottky gate oxidation and benzocyclobutene (BCB) passivation is fabricated in order to increase a breakdown voltage and forward drain current. The Ni/Au Schottky gate metal with a thickness of 50/300 nm is oxidized under oxygen ambient at 500 C and the highly resistive NiO is formed at the gate edge. The leakage current of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is decreased from 4.94 μA to 3.34 nA due to the formation of NiO. The BCB, which has a low dielectric constant, successfully passivates AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by suppressing electron injection into surface states. The BCB passivation layer has a low capacitance, so BCB passivation increases the switching speed of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs compared with silicon nitride passivation, which has a high dielectric constant. The forward drain current of a BCB-passivated device is 199 mA /mm, while that of an unpassivated device is 172 mA /mm due to the increase in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) charge.     

Normally-off AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors with in-situ AlN gate insulator

AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) with p-GaN cap layer are developed for normally-off operation, in which an in-situ grown AlN layer is utilized as the gate insulator. Compared with the SiN_x gate insulator, the AlN/p-GaN interface presents a more obvious energy band bending and a wider depletion region, which helps to positively shift the threshold voltage. In addition, the relatively large conduction band offset of AlN/p-GaN is beneficial to suppress the gate leakage current and enhance the gate breakdown voltage. Owing to the introduction of AlN layer, normally-off p-GaN capped AlGaN/GaN HFET with a threshold voltage of 4 V and a gate swing of 13 V is realized. Furthermore, the field-effect mobility is approximately 1500 cm²·V^-1·s^-1 in the 2DEG channel, implying a good device performance.     

Al2O3绝缘层的AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT器件研究

在研制AlGaN/GaN HEMT器件的基础上,采用ALD法制备了Al₂O₃ AlGaN/GaN MOSHEMT器件.通过X射线光电子能谱测试表明在AlGaN/GaN异质结材料上成功淀积了Al₂O₃薄膜.根据对HEMT和MOSHEMT器件肖特基电容、器件输出以及转移特性的测试进行分析发现：所制备的Al₂O₃薄膜与AlGaN外延层间界面态密度较小,因而MOSHEMT器件呈现出较 关键词： 2O₃')" href="#">Al₂O₃ ALD GaN MOSHEMT     

Ferroelectric effect and equivalent polarization charge model of PbZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_3 on AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT

PbZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_3(PZT) gate insulator with the thickness of 30 nm is grown by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) in AlGa N/Ga N metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistors(MIS-HEMTs). The ferroelectric effect of PZT Al Ga N/Ga N MIS-HEMT is demonstrated. The polarization charge in PZT varies with different gate voltages. The equivalent polarization charge model(EPCM) is proposed for calculating the polarization charge and the concentration of two-dimensional electron gas(2 DEG). The threshold voltage(Vth) and output current density(IDS) can also be obtained by the EPCM. The theoretical values are in good agreement with the experimental results and the model can provide a guide for the design of the PZT MIS-HEMT. The polarization charges of PZT can be modulated by different gate-voltage stresses and the Vthhas a regulation range of 4.0 V. The polarization charge changes after the stress of gate voltage for several seconds. When the gate voltage is stable or changes at high frequency, the output characteristics and the current collapse of the device remain stable.     

基于GaN基HEMT结构的传感器件研究进展

GaN基高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)具有异质结界面处的高二维电子气(2DEG)浓度、宽禁带、高击穿电压、稳定的化学性质以及高的电子迁移率,这些特性使它发展起来的传感器件在灵敏度、响应速度、探测面、适应恶劣环境上具备了显著的优点。本文首先围绕GaN基HEMT的基本结构发展起来的两类研究成熟的传感器,对其结构、工作机理、工作进展以及优缺点进行了探讨与总结;而后,着重从改变器件材料及优化栅结构与栅上材料的角度,阐述了3种GaN基HEMT新型传感器的最新进展,其中,从材料体系、关键工艺、探测结构、原理及新机理方面重点介绍了GaN基HEMT光探测器;最后,探索了GaN基HEMT传感器件未来的发展方向。