等梯度加速结构中的尾场计算研究

带电粒子束在穿过加速结构时激起的尾场, 会导致束流能散和发射度的增大. 准确计算尾场对正确估计尾场效应对束流性能的影响具有重要意义. 本文对等梯度加速结构中短程尾场、中长程尾场和超长程尾场的计算方法进行了较系统的研究, 并首次给出了超长程尾场的计算公式. 此外, 本文还给出了BEPCⅡ直线加速器等梯度加速结构中短程尾场、中长程尾场以及超长程尾场的计算结果, 并对多种方法计算结果的一致性和在某些范围内的差别做了分析说明.     

SXFEL阻抗壁尾场对束流相空间畸变的影响（英文）

X射线自由电子激光器（FEL）由于其超高亮度、超短脉冲等特点,在世界范围内得到广泛应用。基于尾流场理论,我们计算了上海X射线自由电子激光器（SXFEL）中从直线加速器出口到波荡器末端,束流在245 m不锈钢传输线和波荡器中的阻抗壁尾场。通过对两种不同的阻抗壁尾场的叠加,发现将导致束流纵向相空间的畸变。在SXFEL上进行束流物理的实验,并得到与理论预测非常吻合的实验结果。结合之前对主要直线加速器部分的详细模拟和实验研究,为后续FEL整体束流优化提供了参考。     

SXFEL阻抗壁尾场对束流相空间畸变的影响

X射线自由电子激光器（FEL）由于其超高亮度、超短脉冲等特点,在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 基于尾流场理论,我们计算了上海X射线自由电子激光器（SXFEL）中从直线加速器出口到波荡器末端,束流在245 m不锈钢传输线和波荡器中的阻抗壁尾场。通过对两种不同的阻抗壁尾场的叠加,发现将导致束流纵向相空间的畸变。在SXFEL上进行束流物理的实验,并得到与理论预测非常吻合的实验结果。 结合之前对主要直线加速器部分的详细模拟和实验研究,为后续FEL整体束流优化提供了参考。     

X波段失谐加速结构的计算

 采用Mafia程序设计X波段失谐加速结构，同时利用Largrange插值的方法计算了加速结构的尺寸，得到了加速结构的特性参数和尾场特性。结果表明，失谐加速结构的品质因子（7 926.0~8 012.2）和分路阻抗（89.7~125.1MΩ/m）比较高，与等阻抗加速结构相比，可以使尾场明显下降，从而降低束流崩溃发生的可能性。     

X波段2维金属光子晶体的加速结构

 光子晶体加速结构能够有效地阻尼高频率加速管中的尾场,对高能加速器中因尾场引起的束流不稳定性起到抑制作用。探索了X波段2维金属光子晶体微波加速结构的研制方法,用机械加工的方式制作了较高品质因数的2维光子晶体结构谐振腔。理论计算表明,在光子晶体结构谐振腔外围放置吸波材料,可有效地吸收加速结构中的类TM11偶极模等高次模,而对加速主模类TM01模影响较小。设计和制作了工作频率为11.42 GHz,由4个腔构成的X波段2维金属光子晶体行波加速器,实验结果与数值模拟计算值吻合较好。     

CSNS/RCS中的阻抗和束流不稳定性

中国散裂中子源（CSNS）的快循环同步加速器（RCS）是一台强流质子加速器,其束流平均功率达到100 kW。在此强流加速器中,真空部件的阻抗是引起束流不稳定的主要原因,它严重限制了束流强度及品质。对CSNS/RCS设计中的各种真空部件阻抗进行了详细计算,并以计算结果为出发点,理论分析了各种不稳定性强弱,确定了各种不稳定性发生的阻抗阈值,为真空部件结构设计提供了参考。对比较严重的电阻壁阻抗,采用阻抗壁尾场模型进行跟踪模拟,得到不稳定性增长率与理论计算值符合较好。自然色品有助于束流稳定,加入自然色品后模拟,电阻壁不稳定性消失。     

多狭缝法测量激光尾场电子束发射度的模拟研究

发射度是描述束流品质的重要物理量,根据发射度和传输矩阵可以准确计算束流包络和发散角的变化。在考察传统加速器束流发射度测量方法的基础上,提出采用多狭缝法对激光尾场产生的电子束发射度进行测量。采用宽度为20 m的多狭缝板对发射度为0.05 mmmrad的激光尾场加速电子发射度进行测量,数值模拟结果表明采用多狭缝法测量的相对误差可以控制在5%以内。并给出了不同狭缝参数对测量精度的影响,模拟结果表明狭缝宽度对发射度测量精度影响最大。狭缝宽度越窄,测量精度越高,反之,则越低。     

BEPCII直线注入器的尾场效应

BEPCII直线注入器中的强流、短束团的尾场效应将损害束流的性能.用分析解和数值模拟计算的方法,系统地研究了尾场对纵向和径向束流动力学的影响,包括单束团的短程尾场和多束团的长程尾场对束流能量、能散、发射度、轨道和初级电子束在正电子产生靶上束斑尺寸的影响等.研究了有效抑制这些尾场效应的措施     

HIAF-BRing束团合并过程中的束流负载效应模拟

强流重离子加速器HIAF-BRing在加速完成后进行束团合并，为研究BRing中的束流负载效应对束团合并的影响，对238U35+束流进行了粒子跟踪模拟。模拟结果显示，在束团合并过程中，束流负载效应引起束团长度和束团中心位置的振荡，导致束流动量分散和束团长度的增长。束团合并过程中尾场电压以及不同束团间尾场的耦合导致的势阱畸变，是引起束团长度和束团中心振荡及束流发射度增长的原因。为了降低束流负载效应的影响，采用多谐波前馈系统进行补偿，达到了补偿束团合并过程中的束流负载效应的目的，从而确保了BRing中引出束流的品质，同时根据模拟结果确定了前馈系统需要覆盖的频率范围和需要补偿的最大尾场电压。     

BEPCⅡ直线注入器的尾场效应

BEPCⅡ直线注入器中的强流、短束团的尾场效应将损害束流的性能．用分析解和数值模拟计算的方法，系统地研究了尾场对纵向和径向束流动力学的影响，包括单束团的短程尾场和多束团的长程尾场对束流能量、能散、发射度、轨道和初级电子束在正电子产生靶上束斑尺寸的影响等．研究了有效抑制这些尾场效应的措施．     

Axial electric wake field inside the induction gap exited by the intense electron beam

While an intense electron beam passes through the accelerating gaps of a linear induction accelerator, a strong wake field will be excited. In this paper a relatively simple model is established based on the interaction between the transverse magnetic wake field and the electron beam, and the numerical calculation in succession generates a magnetic wake field distribution along the accelerator and along the beam pulse as well. The axial electric wake field is derived based on the relation between field components of a resonant mode. According to some principles in existence, the influence of this field on the high voltage properties of the induction gap is analyzed. The Dragon-I accelerator is taken as an example, and its maximum electric wake field is about 17 kV/cm, which means the effect of the wake field is noticeable.     

Axial electric wake field inside the induction gap exited by the intense electron beam

While an intense electron beam passes through the accelerating gaps of a linear induction accelerator,a strong wake field will be excited.In this paper a relatively simple model is established based on the interaction between the transverse magnetic wake field and the electron beam,and the numerical calculation in succession generates a magnetic wake field distribution along the accelerator and along the beam pulse as well.The axial electric wake field is derived based on the relation between field components of a resonant mode.According to some principles in existence,the influence of this field on the high voltage properties of the induction gap is analyzed.The Dragon-I accelerator is taken as an example,and its maximum electric wake field is about 17 kV/cm,which means the effect of the wake field is noticeable.     

直线感应加速器加速间隙对发射度的影响

文中用解析方法计算了直线感应加速器加速间隙对发射度的影响。考虑了存在轴向引导磁场,加速电场,束流分裂以及多个加速间隙的作用。这种解析方法也适用于射频直线加速器的情形。     

介质壁加速腔加速结构优化

为了在介质壁加速器中增大轴向加速电场, 提高加速梯度的同时抑制径向电场对束包络的扩张, 提出了在每个加速电极上添加金属栅网结构。采用基于粒子云网格方法的电磁粒子模拟软件对不加栅网与添加栅网的电极结构进行了数值仿真, 分析了不同结构下加速管道中的电场分布和束包络变化。通过实验对比了两种不同结构下经过相同的加速长度获得的粒子能量。结果表明:添加金属栅网结构相对于不加栅网的金属小孔式结构, 轴向加速电场强度提高20%, 同时径向电场得到有效抑制;栅网结构下, 被加速的粒子束在自由漂移空间中的径向发散基本得到抑制;在相同的加速长度下加速H3+粒子, 栅网结构得到的能量增益提高了一倍。     

大功率辐照加速器的研制

介绍了10MeV/20kW大功率辐照加速器的设计. 该加速器采用返波型行波加速结构加速管, 综合了常规行波加速结构微波反射小、频率稳定性好和驻波加速结构分流阻抗高的优点. 加速器工作于S波段, 中心频率为~2856MHz. 利用自编的模拟程序AccDesign进行物理设计, 设计输出电子束能量为10MeV, 脉冲流强300mA, 加速管总长1.5m, 模拟计算结果显示微波至电子束的转换效率为66%. 同时利用计算机仿真程序对加速腔的温度和应力分布进行了计算, 得到了微波功率损耗对加速腔频率的影响.     

介质壁加速器加速场建立过程中波传输分析

 介绍了介质壁加速器(DWA)的原理和几种可能实现的结构。通过对多层介质圆柱的平面波电磁散射的研究,用FORTRAN语言编写程序计算和分析了DWA加速管三层介质柱体结构的平面波电磁散射的散射宽度与几何结构参数、材料参数的关系,用以优化设计介质壁加速管结构。计算结果表明：当加速管材料和等势环介电常数一定时,平面波电磁散射宽度随半径增大而增大;当加速管内外径一定时,加速管材料和等势环介电常数增大时散射宽度变化不明显,但最小散射宽度显著减小。当加速管半径和材料一定时,总能找到使散射宽度达到最小的等势环介质厚度。     

High-gradient millimeter-wave accelerator on a planar dielectric substrate

We report the first high-gradient studies of a millimeter-wave accelerator, employing for the first time a planar dielectric accelerator, powered by means of a 0.5-A, 300-MeV, 11.424-GHz drive electron beam, synchronous at the 8th harmonic, 91.392 GHz. Embedded in a ring-resonator circuit within the electron beam line vacuum, this structure was operated at 20 MeV/m, with a circulating power of 200 kW, for 2 x 10(5) pulses, with no sign of breakdown, dielectric charging, or other deleterious high-gradient phenomena. We also present the first measurement of the quadrupolar content of an accelerating mode.     

Wakefield radiation generated by an electron bunch in a rectangular dielectric waveguide

Vavilov-Cerenkov radiation generated by a relativistic electron bunch in a rectangular waveguide with a transverse-inhomogeneous dielectric filling is analyzed. A method is proposed for constructing an orthogonal basis of the transverse operator, which can be subsequently used for determining the wakefield of the relativistic bunch moving parallel to the waveguide axis. The dispersion equation for the structure is derived and the expressions for the wake field produced by such a bunch are obtained. The formalism described here forms the basis for calculating parameters of the accelerating structure for generator bunches of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) at the Argonne National Laboratory and the FACET complex of the SLAC accelerator. It is shown that using such structures, accelerating field gradients higher than 150 MV/m can be generated at frequencies 20?C35 GHz and exceeding 1 GeV/m in the frequency range ??1 THz.     

Nonlinear Plasma Dynanics in the Plasma Wakefield Accelerator

Excitation of nonlinear plasma oscillations by an ultrarelativistic electron beam is considered in this paper. It is shown, by analytical solutions of the fully relativistic nonlinear fluid equations in one dimension, that under certain conditions on the relative densities of the electron beam and the plasma, extremely large longitudinal electric fields can be generated in the wake of the beam. This scheme can be considered as a nonlinear regime of the plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA), and is seen to have the advantage that the transformer ratio, the ratio of the maximum amplitude of the accelerating field behind the driving beam over the maximum amplitude of the decelerating field inside of the beam, can be made arbitrarily large, dependent only on the length of the driving beam. The effects of beam loading on the efficiency of this scheme are considered, and are shown to be equivalent to those predicted in the linear regime.