Design of magnet and control of the beam emittance for Penning H－ ion source

The design requirement and principle of the deflection magnet for Magnetron and Penning H^－ ion source are discussed. It is proved that there exists a maximum emittance for the beam that may be transformed by the magnet into a state with equal Twiss parameters of α_r=α_y and β_r=β_y, which is the requisite condition to get a minimum emittance at the entrance of RFQ after transporting by a LEBT with solenoids. For this maximum emittance, the corresponding magnetic field gradient index is 1.     

Effect of Co-Substitution on Magnetic Properties in Spinels GeNi2O4 Systems

The magnetic properties of spinel GeNi_2-2xCo_2xO₄ systems in the range 0≤x≤1 are studied by mean field theory and high-temperature series expansions. The nearest neighbouring and the next-neighbouring super-exchange interactions J₁ (x) and J₂(x) are evaluated for these systems in the range 0≤x≤1, by using the first theory. The intra-planar and the inter-planar interactions and the exchange energy are deduced. The second theory is applied in the spinel GeNi_2-2xCo_2xO₄ systems, combined with the Padé approximants method, to determine the magnetic phase diagrams (T_N versus dilution x) in the range 0≤x≤1. The obtained theoretical results are in agreement with experimental data obtained by magnetic measurements. The critical exponents associated with the magnetic susceptibility γ and the correlation lengths ν are deduced.     

Hypernuclear Magnetic Moments and λ--N Interaction in 17λO

Hypernuclear magnetic moment and λ--N interaction in ¹⁷_λO has been studied within relativistic mean field theory. Without core polarization, the relativistic results are found to fit the Schmidt value well and not be sensitive to λ--N interaction. The relativistic magnetic moment is enhanced with nearly equal contributions of the relativistic and free masses. When λ hyperon occupies the l=0 or l=1 orbit, the effect of λ--N interaction on the magnetic moment of valence proton is different.     

Magnetoresistance in Parent Pnictide AFe2As2(A=Sr, Ba)

Magnetoresistances of SrFe₂As₂ and BaFe₂As₂ in the magnetic ordered state are studied. Positive magnetoresistance is observed in the magnetic fields H applied in the azimuthes of θta = 0°and 30° with respect to the c-axis. The magnetoresistance can reach 20% for SrFe₂As₂ and 12% for BaFe₂As₂ at H = 9 T with θ= 0°(H || c). Above the magnetic transition temperature, the magnetoresistance becomes negligible. The data in the magnetic ordered state could be described by a modified two-band galvanomagnetic model including the enhancement effect of the applied magnetic field on the spin-density-wave gap. The field enhanced spin-density-wave gaps for different types of carriers are different. Temperature dependencies of the fitting parameters are discussed.     

Strange magnetic moments of octet baryons under SU (3) breaking

Magnetic moments of octet baryons are parameterized to all orders of the flavor SU(3) breaking with the irreducible tensor technique in order to extract the contribution of each flavor quark to the magnetic moments of the octet baryons. The not-yet measured magnetic moment of ∑⁰ is predicted to be 0.649μ_N. Our parameterized forms for the magnetic moments are explicitly flavor-dependent, and hence each flavor component of the magnetic moments can be evaluated directly via the flavor projection operator. It is found that the strange magnetic moment of the nucleon is suppressed due to the small isoscalar anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleon. In particular, the strange magnetic form factor of the nucleon turns out to be positive, G_N^s(0)=0.428μ_N, which is consistent with recent data.     

Design and end chamfer simulation of PEFP beam line curved dipole magnets

The design, fabrication and field measurement of 11 DC curved dipole magnets for the PEFP Beam Line have been completed. In this paper, a design method for a complex end chamfer using OPERA-3D is proposed. The conventional method for estimating chamfer shape is extended and applied to a curved dipole magnet by a coordinate transformation. Using the interface with CAD software, the complex end chamfer is modeled and fully determined by 3D simulation to meet the field uniformity requirement. The magnetic field measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation. The design considerations, field simulation results, end chamfer development process and measurement results are presented in detail.     

Field Dependence of π-Band Superconducting Gap in MgB2 Thin Films from Point-Contact Spectroscopy

We present the results of point-contact spectroscopy measurements on High-quality epitaxial MgB₂ thin films with injected current along the c-axis. The temperature and field dependences of π-band properties with the field parallel to (H_⊥) or perpendicular to (H_|| the c-axis are investigated in detail. When a magnetic field is applied, either parallel or perpendicular to the c-axis, the density of the quasiparticle state (DOS) of the π-band proliferates quickly with increasing field, while the gap amplitude of the π-band decreases slowly, which is different from the recent theoretical calculations, showing a field dependent competition between the interband scattering and the pair-breaking effects.     

Core Polarization and Tensor Coupling Effects on Magnetic Moments of Hypernuclei

Effects of core polarization and tensor coupling on the magnetic moments in ¹³_ΛC, ¹⁷_Λ, and ⁴¹_ΛCa Λ-hypernuclei are studied by employing the Dirac equation with scalar, vector and tensor potentials. It is found that the effect of core polarization on the magnetic moments is suppressed by Λ tensor coupling. The Λ tensor potential reduces the spin--orbit splitting of p_Λ states considerably. However, almost the same magnetic moments are obtained using the hyperon wavefunction obtained via the Dirac equation either with or without the Λ tensor potential in the electromagnetic current vertex. The deviations of magnetic moments for p_Λ states from the Schmidt values are found to increase with nuclear mass number.     

Investigation the positive moments on the M－T curve of YBCO films measured by using zero-field cooling

The superconducting transition of a YBCO film was measured by a MPMS-5 superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, using a zero-field cooling process. The experimental results have shown that there are positive magnetic moment and positive peak on the M－T curve. We have proven that these anomalous behaviours are due to measurement error, but not phase transition. We have proposed a simple formula to explain and to calculate quantitatively these anomalous behaviours. It was found that, provided dH>0.59H_p (dH is the inhomogeneous field of the remnant field, H_p is the fully penetrated field of the measured sample), the experimental results will be positive, not negative. If dH≥2H_p, the experimental results will be symmetrical to their real negative values. From the M－T curve, which has positive moment and positive peak below T_c (superconducting transition temperature), we found a new possible method to obtain H_p of the measured sample.     

NaI （Tl） calorimeter calibration and simulation for Coulomb sum rule experiment in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab

A precision measurment of inclusive electron scattering cross sections is carried out at Jefferson Lab in the quasi-elastic region for ⁴He, ¹²C, ⁵⁶Fe and ²⁰⁸Pb targets. The longitudinal (R_L) and transverse (R_T) response functions of the nucleon need to be extracted precisely in the momentum transfer range 0.55 GeV/c≤|q|≤1.0 GeV/c. To achieve the above goal, a NaI (Tl) calorimeter is used to distinguish good electrons from background, including pions and low energy electrons rescattered from the walls of the spectrometer magnets. Due to a large set of kinematics and changes in HV settings, a number of calibrations are performed for the NaI (Tl) detector. Corrections for a few blocks of NaI (Tl) with bad or no signal are applied. The resolution of the NaI (Tl) detector after calibration reached (δE)/√E ≈ 3% at E=1 GeV. The performance of the NaI (Tl) detector is compared with a simulation. The good calibration and background analysis for the NaI(Tl) detector are very important for the reduction of the systematic error of cross sections and the separation of R_L and R_T.     

Neutron diffraction study on composite compound Nd2Co7

The crystallographic and the magnetic structures of the composite compound Nd₂Co₇ at 300 K are investigated by a combined refinement of X-ray diffraction data and high-resolution neutron diffraction data. The compound crystallizes into a hexagonal Ce₂Ni₇-type structure and consists of alternately stacking MgZn₂-type NdCo₂ and CaCu₅-type NdCo₅ structural blocks along the c axis. A magnetic structure model with the moments of all atoms aligning along the c axis provides a satisfactory fitting to the neutron diffraction data and coincides with the easy magnetization direction revealed by the X-ray diffraction experiments on magnetically pre-aligned fine particles. The refinement results show that the derived atomic moments of the Co atoms vary in a range of 0.7 μ_B-1.1 μ_B and the atomic moment of Nd in the NdCo₅ slab is close to the theoretical moment of a free trivalent Nd³⁺ ion, whereas the atomic moment of Nd in the NdCo₂ slab is much smaller than the theoretical value for a free Nd³⁺ ion. The remarkable difference in the atomic moment of Nd atoms between different structural slabs at room temperature is explained in terms of the magnetic characteristics of the NdCo₂ and NdCo₅ compounds and the local chemical environments of the Nd atoms in different structural slabs of the Nd₂Co₇ compound.     

Recalculation of the HIRFL-SSC injection and extraction system

In order to further improve beam transmission efficiency at the SSC, the beam center trajectory and injection and extraction system are recalculated based on the program group used in the final design of the GANIL accelerator, with some necessary changes and the addition of some auxiliary programs. The two different types of injection and extraction elements (the bending magnet and the inductive septum) are distinguished, and their interaction with the ambient field is considered. More focus is placed on considering the differences in the magnet field inhomogeneity of the ambient field in the located area of the inductive septum where the ends are situated in the ambient field (between the main magnet poles). Thus the gradient magnetic field problem of the inductive septum is solved perfectly. As well as preparing the necessary auxiliary programs and taking the structural integration of the SSC magnetic field maps, the measured magnet field correction is completed. Therefore, the trajectory and a variety of injection and extraction system parameters are obtained. According to the recalculation results, the SSC beam transmission efficiency will be enhanced significantly.     

Design of a superconducting magnet for CADS

This paper describes a superconducting magnet system for the China Accelerator Driven System (CADS). The magnetic field is provided by one main, two bucking and four racetrack coils. The main coil produces a central field of up to 7 T and the effective length is more than 140 mm, the two bucking coils can shield most of the fringe field, and the four racetrack superconducting coils produce the steering magnetic field. Its leakage field in the cavity zone is about 5× 10^-5 T when the shielding material Niobium and cryogenic permalloy are used as the Meissner shielding and passive shielding respectively. The quench calculations and protection system are also discussed.     

Electromagnetic transition properties of Δ→Nγ in a hypercentral scheme

The electromagnetic transition properties of the decuplet to octet baryon (Δ→Nγ) is studied within the framework of a hypercentral quark model. The confinement potential is assumed as a hypercentral coloumb plus linear potential. The transition magnetic moment and transition amplitude f_M1 for the Δ→Nγ are in agreement with other theoretical predictions. The present result of the radiative decay width is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental values reported by the particle data group over other theoretical model predictions.     

Investigation of a method to calculate spontaneous radiation spectra from relativistic electrons in undulators

Undulators are key devices to produce brilliant synchrotron radiation at the synchrotron radiation facilities. In this paper we present a numerical computing method, including the computing program that has been developed to calculate the spontaneous radiation emitted from relativistic electrons in undulators by simulating the electrons＇ trajectory. The effects of electron beam emittance and energy spread have also been taken into account. Comparing with other computing methods available at present, this method has a few advantages with respect to several aspects. It can adopt any measured or arbitrarily simulated 3D magnetic field and arbitrary electron beam pattern for the calculation and it＇s able to analyze undulators of any type of magnetic structure. It＇s expected to predict precisely the practical radiation spectrum. The calculation results of a short period in-vacuum undulator and an Elliptically Polarized Undulator （EPU） at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） are presented as examples.     

Signals of the littlest Higgs model with T-parity at eγ and ep collisions

The littlest Higgs model with T-parity predicts the existence of the neutral, weakly interacting, new gauge boson B_H, which can be seen as an attractive dark matter candidate. We study production of the new gauge boson B_H via eγ and ep collisions. We find that B_H can be abundantly produced via the subprocesses e^－γ→L^－B_H and γq→B_HQ, which might give rise to characteristic signals. Some discussions about the SM backgrounds for this kind of signals are also given.     

Giant magnetic moment at open ends of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

The attractions of cantilevers made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)and secured on one end are studied in the non-uniform magnetic field of a permanent magnet.Under an optical microscope,the positions and the corresponding deflections of the original cantilevers(with iron catalytic nanoparticles at the free end)and corresponding cut-off cantilevers(the free ends consisting of open ends of MWNTs)are studied.Both kinds of CNT cantilevers are found to be attracted by the magnet,and the point of application of force is proven to be at the tip of the cantilever.By measuring and comparing deflections between these two kinds of cantilevers,the magnetic moment at the open ends of the CNTs can be quantified.Due to the unexpectedly high value of the magnetic moment at the open ends of carbon nanotubes,it is called giant magnetic moment,and its possible mechanisms are proposed and discussed.     

First Principles Study of Aluminium Vacancy in Wurtzite Aluminium Nitride

We report that the aluminium vacancy in wurtzite AlN brings about two impurity levels e and a₂ in the band gap, not just one single t₂ level. The aluminium vacancy carries a magnetic moment of 1μ_B in the ground state. The molecule orbit of the aluminium vacancy becomes e^↑↑a₂^↓ rather than e^↑↑a₂^↓. The calculation is carried out by using the CASTEP code. The intrinsic symmetry of wurtzite AlN is the driving force for this spin splitting. Finally the symmetry of wurtzite AlN results in an anti-ferromagnetic coupling between the aluminium vacancies, as is predicted. Our findings are helpful to gain a more through understanding of the structural and spin property of aluminium vacancy in wurtzite AlN.     

超导ECR离子源DECRIS-SC2

A new compact version of the"liquid He-free"superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source,to be used as an injector for the U-400M cyclotron,is presently under construction at the FLNR in collaboration with LHE(JINR).The axial magnetic field of the source is created by the superconducting magnet,and the NdFeB hexapole is used for the radial plasma confinement.The microwave frequency of 14GHz will be used for ECR plasma heating.The DECRIS-SC2 superconducting magnet is designed for the induction of a magnetic field on the axis of the source of up to 1.4T(extraction side)and 1.9T(injection side) at nominal current of 75A.Cooling of the coils is carried out by CM cryocooler with cooling power of 1W at the temperature 4.5K.The basic design features of the superconducting magnet and of the ion source are presented.The main parts of the source are in production.The first beam test of the source is expected in the beginning of 2007.     

Magnetic phase transition and the corresponding magnetostriction of intermetallic compounds RMnsGe2（R=Sm,Gd）

The temperature dependence of lattice constants a and c of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Sm, Gd) is measured in the temperature range 10－800K by using the x-ray diffraction method. The magnetoelastic anomalies of lattice constants are found at the different kinds of spontaneous magnetic transitions. The transversal and longitudinal magnetostrictions of polycrystalline samples are measured in the pulse magnetic field up to 25T. In the external magnetic field there occurs a first-order field-induced antiferromagnetism－ferromagnetism transition in the Mn sublattice, which gives rise to a large magnetostriction. The magnitude of magnetostrictions is as large as 10^-3. The transversal and longitudinal magnetostrictions have the same sign and are almost equal. This indicates that the magnetostriction is isotropic and mainly caused by the interlayer Mn－Mn exchange interaction. The experimental results are explained in the framework of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet with the negative exchange interaction in one of the sublattices by taking into account the lattice constant dependence of interlayer Mn－Mn exchange interaction.