实验探索原子核中手征与空间反射对称性的联立自发破缺

原子核的手征对称性和空间反射对称性研究是近来原子核结构研究的前沿热点问题,吸引了大量的实验和理论研究。通过在束伽玛谱学的实验方法,在原子核78Br中发现了两对宇称相反的手征双重带,以及它们之间表征八极关联的电偶极跃迁。这是首次在原子核中发现了八极关联的多重手征带,给出了原子核存在手征对称性和空间反射对称性联立自发破缺的实验证据。Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a fundamental concept in nature. Chiral Symmetry Breaking and reflection-asymmetry in nuclei has been a subject of intensive experimental and theoretical investigation. Two pairs of positive-and negative-parity doublet bands together with eight strong electric dipole transitions linking their yrast positive-and negative-parity bands have been identified in 78Br by means of in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy techniques. These four rotational bands are suggested as multiple chiral doublet bands with octupole correlations. This observation indicates that nuclear chirality can be robust against the octupole correlations. It is of highly scientific interest to search for the chirality-parity quartet bands in nucleus with both stable triaxial and octupole deformations.     

关于晶体空间群性质的证明的一个注记

本文指出了《群论及其在固体物理中的应用》一书中关于晶体空间群性质的证明中存在的一个错误,并给出了一个严格的证明.     

Spatial symmetry of head-related transfer function

Methods for analyzing the spatial symmetry of head-related transfer function (HRTF) are proposed. The influences of anatomical structures on the symmetry of HRTF are investigated using HRTFs measured on KEMAR mannequin and human subjects. Results show that for KEMAR mannequin, pinnae destroy the front-back symmetry of HRTF above 5 to 6 kHz, while for human subjects the frequency reduces to 2.5 kHz because of the locations of ears. Furthermore, at low and median frequencies, HRTF is approximately left-right symmetrical. While as frequencies increase, the asymmetry caused by the fine anatomical leftright differences appears. The starting frequency and the extent of the left-right asymmetry in HRTF depend on individuals. The analyses demonstrate the spatial symmetrical characteristics of HRTF and the frequency ranges in which the current binaural models are valid.     

均匀恒定磁场中带电狄拉克粒子的超对称性和本征能谱

基于狄拉克方程中γ矩阵有结构、可分解的观点, 把γ矩阵分解为自旋空间和正反粒子空间的算子的直积, 确定了均匀恒定磁场中带电狄拉克粒子的哈密顿量的动力学超对称性和可互易的完备的物理量算子集及其量子数集, 求得了用上述量子数完全集标志的该哈密顿量的解析的本征解,讨论了系统的哈密顿H的动力学超对称性中自旋对称性和正反粒子对称性破缺的不同情况,确定了自旋剩余超对称性导致的自旋简并子空间的超对称性变换群算子.     

对称性和热学

试图探索一条不同于传统做法的、概括和表述热学基本定律的途径,从理论上,把热学置于对称性原理的基础之上,加以概括和解释。     

(1+1)自由度para粒子的超对称量子力学

讨论了同阶p的一自由度para玻色子和一自由度para费米子所组成的para粒子系统的Fock态空间结构与超对称量子力学.发现除了四种退化的特殊情况之外,这个(1+1)自由度para粒子系统的态空间结构一般具有内禀二重简并性.进一步揭示了这个para量子系统除了具有动力学超对称性之外,还存在着一层隐藏的内禀超对称性,并且这种内禀超对称性对于整个系统超对称性的严格性起着十分关键的作用. 关键词： para统计 Fock态空间 超对称性     

Hojman Conserved Quantities for Birkhoffian Systems in Event Space

This paper focuses on studying a Hojman conserved quantity directly derived from a Lie symmetry for a Birkhoffian system in the event space. The Birkhoffian parametric equations for the system are established, and the determining equations of Lie symmetry for the system are obtained. The conditions under which a Lie symmetry of Birkhoffian system in the event space can directly lead up to a Hojman conserved quantity and the form of the Hojman conserved quantity are given. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

A new type of conserved quantity of Mei symmetry for relativistic nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space

In this paper, a new type of conserved quantity induced directly from the Mei symmetry for a relativistic nonholonomic mechanical system in phase space is studied. The definition and the criterion of the Mei symmetry for the system are given. The conditions for the existence and form of the new conserved quantity are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.     

New conserved quantities of Noether--Mei symmetry of mechanical system in phase space

This paper studies two new types of conserved quantities deduced by Noether Mei symmetry of mechanical system in phase space. The definition and criterion of Noether Mei symmetry for the system are given. A coordination function is introduced, and the conditions under which the Noether- Mei symmetry leads to the two types of conserved quantities and the forms of the two types of conserved quantities are obtained. An illustrative example is given. The coordination function can be selected according to the demand for finding the gauge function, and the choice of the coordination function has multiformity, so more conserved quantities deduced from Noether Mei symmetry of mechanical system can be obtained.     

事件空间中完整系统的Lie对称性与绝热不变量

研究事件空间中完整力学系统Lie对称性的摄动与绝热不变量.基于力学系统的高阶绝热不变量的概念，研究在小扰动作用下系统Lie对称性的摄动，得到了事件空间中完整力学系统的一类Hojman形式的高阶绝热不变量，给出了绝热不变量存在的条件及形式.并举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 事件空间 对称性 摄动 绝热不变量     

Hojman conserved quantity for nonholonomic systems of unilateral non-Chetaev type in the event space

Hojman conserved quantities deduced from the special Lie symmetry, the Noether symmetry and the form invariance for a nonholonomic system of the unilateral non-Chetaev type in the event space are investigated. The differential equations of motion of the system above are established. The criteria of the Lie symmetry, the Noether symmetry and the form invariance are given and the relations between them are obtained. The Hojman conserved quantities are gained by which the Hojman theorem is extended and applied to the nonholonomic system of the unilateral non-Chetaev type in the event space. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Perturbation to Noether-Lie Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Mechanical Systems in Phase Space

Based on the concept of adiabatic invariant, the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry and adiabatic invariants for mechanical systems in phase space are studied. The criterion of the Noether Lie symmetry for the perturbed system is given, and the definition of the perturbation to Noether-Lie symmetry for the system under the action of small disturbance is presented. Meanwhile, the Noether adiabatic invariants and the generalized Hojman adiabatic invariants of the perturbed system are obtained.     

Symmetries and Similarity Reductions of a New （2＋1）-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave System

The symmetries of a （2＋1）-dimensional shallow water wave system, which is newly constructed through applying variation principle of analytic mechanics, are researched in this paper. The Lie symmetries and the corresponding reductions are obtained by means of classical Lie group approach. The （1＋1） dimensional displacement shallow water wave equation can be derived from the reductions when special symmetry parameters are chosen.     

一维谐振子势阱中二全同粒子的空间关联

针对一维谐振子势阱中由两个全同粒子组成的体系,假设其空间波函数分别具有以下3种交换对称性:1)没有交换对称性,2)对于交换是反对称情况,3)对于交换是对称情况,讨论了二粒子空间相对位置的分布概率.并由此将量子力学教材中自由粒子情况下的结论推广至一维谐振子束缚态情形,即两个全同粒子无论是处于自由态还是束缚态,在空间波函数交换对称的情况下,两个粒子靠拢的概率最大,而交换反对称情况下,两个粒子靠近(r→0)的概率趋于零.论文结论有助于加深对量子力学中全同粒子交换对称性及其物理效应的理解.     

Energy Spectrum Symmetry of Heisenberg Model in Fock Space

We extend the BCS paring model with equally spaced energy levels to a general one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg model The two well-known symmetries of the Heisenberg model, i.e. permutational and spin-inversion symmetries, no longer exist. However, when jointing these two operations together, we find a new symmetry of energy spectrum between its subspace n and subspace L - n of the Fock space. A rigorous proof is presented.     

一类动力学方程的Mei对称性

研究一类动力学方程的Mei对称性的定义和判据，由Mei对称性通过Noether对称性可找到Noether守恒量.由Mei对称性通过Lie对称性可找到Hojman守恒量.同时，也可找到一类新型守恒量.     

电磁学教学中对称性分析的积极意义

爱因斯坦狭义相对论的提出,导致对称性观念在物理学研究中占有重要地位,对称性要求对自然定律的形式是一条强有力的限制,对称性成为现代物理中的主角．阐述了对称性分析在电磁学教学中的积极意义。     

事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether理论

研究事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether对称性与Noether守恒量.首先,建立了事件空间中Birkhoff系统的参数方程;其次,基于Pfaff作用量在无限小变换下的不变性,给出了事件空间中Birkhoff系统的Noether定理及其逆定理;最后,举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 事件空间 Birkhoff系统 Pfaff作用量 Noether对称性     

时空的对称性

 时空的对称性是大自然的奇妙特性之一,这种特性几乎是无处不在。例如,从宏观的角度看,人和动物的形体结构是左右对称的,植物的结构也是左右对称的,飘落的雪花的结构也是对称的。从微观的角度看,所有晶体都是对称排列的,水分子的排列也是具有严格的对称性。对称性无论在人们的日常生活中,还是在科学研究和应用技术领域,都具有非常重要的作用和地位;它潜移默化地影响着人类的观念和思维,这点可以从人类建筑的对称结构和人的对称审美观来说明;尤其在物理科学的研究中,例如基本粒子的研究、半导体物理的研究等等,时空对称性都是处于核心地位的重要概念。