胰岛素通过CREB调节肝脏糖异生的模型化研究

本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究胰岛素通过环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)调节肝糖异生的物理机制.理论模型考虑胰岛素通过CREB调节过氧化物酶体增活化受体γ辅助活化因子(PGC)联级信号,进而调控肝脏糖异生,影响糖代谢信号通路特性.研究发现,在异常胰岛素(Ginsulin)作用下CREB表达提升,进一步刺激了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶1(Pck1)表达.通过Pck1的调控,柠檬酸盐酯(citrate)、α-酮戊二酸(α-keto glutarate)、苹果酸酯(Malate)、草酰乙酸盐(Oxaloacetate)出现了不同的代谢水平.高表达的CREB会上调Pck1的表达水平,通过CREB、Pck1的调节作用,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(phosphoenolpyruvate)转化为白藜芦醇(Pyruvate)的水平提升,进而促使citrate、α-keto glutarate、Malate、Oxaloacetate大幅度升高,最终影响细胞葡萄糖代谢.在糖异生基因的调控作用下,较高浓度的葡萄糖(Glocose),使得phosphoenolpyruvate浓度提升,并且在Pck1的调控作用下,phosphoenolpyruvate转化为Pyruvate的量增多,也会使得citrate、α-keto glutarate、Malate、Oxaloacetate大幅度提升.理论结果进一步深刻揭示了胰岛素、CREB蛋白,以及糖异生基因对细胞糖代谢新的调控机理,可为设计阻断糖尿病转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据.     

模型化研究 HBx 与 CREB 诱发肝癌的一种物理机制

本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBx)通过与环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)相互作用促进肝癌(HCC)发生发展的一种物理机制.理论模型考虑HBx-CPAP (中心体P4.1相关蛋白)-AKT(蛋白激酶B)-GSK3(糖原合成酶激酶3)-P53通路信号传导特性.研究发现,CREB对HBx有扩增效应,较高浓度的CREB使得P53抑癌功能下降,并促使炎性因子(NF-κB)呈现出二次增长,为HBx诱发HCC提供了炎性微环境. CREB还会调控AKT呈现二次增长,影响细胞糖原代谢,在一定程度上促使了HCC的发生发展.理论结果符合实验,进一步揭示了HBx通过与CREB相互作用促进HCC发生发展的一种物理机制,可为设计阻断肝炎向肝癌转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据.     

胰岛素异常积累诱发转移性致癌通路激活的模型化研究

本文基于质量作用动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程建立理论模型,研究胰岛素异常积累诱发转移性致癌通路激活特性.理论模型考虑胰岛素通过激活PI3K-AKT-mTOR信号传导途径调控AKT-MDM2-P53-PTEN信号通路,以及胰岛素异常积累诱发JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌通路信号激活特性.研究发现,在JAK2/STAT5通路信号传导过程中,酪氨酸磷酸化的STAT5单体迅速转化为STAT5二聚体.随着异常胰岛素积累的增加,磷酸化的STAT5二聚体、酪氨酸磷酸化STAT5二聚体表达水平进一步提升.由此表明了,异常胰岛素积累诱发JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌通路激活.胰岛素异常积累通过直接提升JAK2的表达,导致了AKT的表达异常升高,致使细胞糖原代谢紊乱,P53蛋白抑癌作用降低,促进的癌症的发生发展. miR-378作为非常重要的抑癌因子,在JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌信号通路信号作用下,miR-378的抑癌效应被明显削弱,由此也表明了转移性癌症的复杂性.通过分析模型中各参数的敏感性,确定了JAK2/STAT5信号通路创设致癌微环境的灵敏性.本文理论结果符合实验理论观测,可为...     

糖原合酶激酶3(GSK3)介导的胰岛素对糖原 合酶2(GYS2)的抑制调节

本文基于Hill 动力学与 Michaelis-Menten 方程,建立理论模型研究肝癌(HCC)进展过程的微环境中,糖原合酶激酶3(GSK3)介导的胰岛素对糖原代谢的抑制调节,以及 P53 蛋白恢复调节糖原代谢异常的作用。分析了胰岛素激活 AKT 激酶影响 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性,以及 P53 通过抑制 AKT,对 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性异常的调节恢复特性。研究发现,胰岛素激活并提升 AKT 的表达水平,经过 AKT 的催化作用,GSK3 的表达被抑制减弱,进而增强了 GYS2 的磷酸化和失活。在胰岛素浓度较低的情况下,GYS2 去磷酸化激活的昼夜节律性会被改变,进而改变了 GYS2 昼夜节律的合成规律。在较高胰岛素浓度条件下,去磷酸化的 GYS2(dGYS2) 随时间演变的周期振荡性会被极大地改变,GYS2 昼夜节律的合成规律被破坏。改变 P53 的表达水平,我们发现,P53 对较低和较高胰岛素浓度条件下 dGYS2 异常的昼夜节律演化性,有明显的调节恢复作用。通过 P53 的调节,dGYS 随时间演化异常紊乱的昼夜节律性被还原,GYS2 恢复昼夜节律的合成。理论结果符合实验,并进一步分析了 GSK3 介导的胰岛素调节 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性的调节机理,以及 P53 对GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变异常的调节恢复特性,进而揭示了 HCC 发生发展的一种致癌、抑癌机理,可为设计阻断致癌转变的通路治疗方案提供理论依据。     

GYS2 与 p53 抑制 HBV 相关的肝癌进展

本文基于 Hill 动力学与 Michaelis-Menten 方程,建立理论模型研究糖原合酶2 (GYS2) 与 p53 蛋白抑制乙肝病毒(HBV)相关的肝癌进展。理论模型考虑乙肝病毒x蛋白 (HBx)、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶1 (HDAC1)与乙酰化的p53(p53AC) 结合形成复合体,抑制GYS2 表达,以及GYS2通过调控增强稳态 p53(Sp53) 表达,进而抑制肝癌(HCC)的发生发展。研究发现,GYS2 灵敏地调控 Sp53 表达上调,从而使得未乙酰化的Sp53(FSp53) 表达提升,抑制 HCC 的发生发展。部分 Sp53 经过 p300 蛋白乙酰化后与 HBx、 HDAC1 结合形成复合体,通过负反馈抑制 GYS2表达。通过考察不同浓度 HBx 条件下 GYS2 与 FSp53 的动力学特性,我们发现,较高浓度的 HBx 减弱了 GYS2 表达,进而弱化了下游 FSp53 的表达水平。另外,p300 与部分 Sp53 结合,也在一程度上调低了 FSp53 的表达水平,减弱了 FSp53 对 HCC 的抑制程度,从而促进了HCC 发生发展。理论结果符合实验,并进一步揭示 GYS2 与 p53调控的 HCC 的抑癌机理,可为设计阻断乙型肝炎向 HCC 转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据。     

Hes1调控 AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的一种物理机制

基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程，建立理论模型研究发状分裂相关增强子1(hairy and enhancer of split 1,Hes1)调控蛋白激酶B (Protein Kinase B,AKT)-鼠双微体2 (Murine Double Minute2,MDM2)-抗癌基因p53(p53)-第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)通路的一种物理机制.研究发现，Hes1通过与PTEN结合抑制PTEN表达，并调控AKT信号.表明了Hes1蛋白的合成，以及Hes1与PTEN相互作用调控AKTMDM2-p53-PTEN通路信号，将会有效地控制细胞结果 . Hes1作为AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN信号通路中上游调节的重要因素，还可以在一定程度上通过影响p53蛋白功能，改变p53对肿瘤的抑制性.理论结果可用于预测Notch通路信号异常诱导的致癌性，并进一步揭示了Notch信号通路影响细胞AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的激活...     

热纤梭菌中心代谢产物的归属及初步代谢组分析

热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)是一种能够高效利用木质纤维素的嗜热厌氧革兰氏阳性菌,是目前利用整合生物加工技术生产纤维素乙醇的最重要的候选菌株之一.代谢物组可以反映细胞和环境因子相互作用,是系统生物学的重要组成部分.目前,尚无使用核磁共振(NMR)方法对热纤梭菌的代谢组进行研究的报道,而对热纤梭菌代谢物的归属是进行代谢组研究的基础.该文通过1H NMR和2D NMR技术,对热纤梭菌的中心代谢产物进行了归属.在归属过程中,发现了若干特殊的重要代谢产物,包括纤维糊精、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、赤藓糖-4-磷酸等.这些代谢物对热纤梭菌的胞内代谢具有特殊的意义.利用已归属的代谢物,对热纤梭菌的野生型和乙醇耐受菌株进行初步的代谢组分析表明,热纤梭菌乙醇耐受性的获得,可能与纤维二糖主动合成纤维糊精途径、非氧化磷酸戊糖途径的增强及糖酵解路径的抑制密切相关.     

Nogo-B诱导oxLDL降解与肝癌基因激活

本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究内质网定位的蛋白Nogo-B诱导调节氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL))降解与肝癌基因激活.理论模型考虑oxLDL*(降解的oxLDL)-Nogo-B-Yes-associated protein (YAP)通路,研究发现,oxLDL的降解,促进了大量的Lysopho-sphatidic acid (LPA)产生,之后便会提高Hippo信号通路YAP活性,激活了癌基因的表达;经过约5小时Nogo-B表达上调,Nogo-B决定着Nogo-B与Autophagy-related 5 gene(ATG5)的复合体NA,NA调控oxLDL的降解,未降解的oxLDL会诱导Nogo-B表达上调,激活了oxLDL*-Nogo-B-YAP通路,理论结果符合实验结果,并揭示非酒精性脂肪肝病诱发的肝癌的致病机理,可以为设计阻断肝炎向肝癌转变的通路治疗方案提供理论依据.     

乘性和加性α稳定噪声环境下的过阻尼单稳随机共振现象

本文将α稳定噪声与单稳随机共振系统相结合,研究了乘性和加性α稳定噪声环境下的过阻尼单稳随机共振现象,探究了α稳定噪声特征指数α(0α2)、对称参数β(-1β1),单稳系统参数a及乘性α稳定噪声放大系数D对共振输出效应的作用规律.研究结果表明,在不同分布的α稳定噪声环境下,在一定范围内通过调节a或D均可诱导随机共振来实现单个或多个高、低频微弱信号的检测,且a和D分别存在一个最优值可使系统产生最佳的随机共振效应;不同α或β均可对系统共振输出效应产生规律性的影响,且α或β在高、低频微弱信号检测中的作用规律相同;在研究α稳定噪声环境下单、多频单稳随机共振现象时所得结论是相同的.本研究结果可为实现α稳定噪声环境下单稳随机共振系统参数的自适应调节奠定基础.     

VPRBP 蛋白与Abl 激酶诱发、抑制前列腺癌的 一种物理机制

在本文基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程,建立理论模型研究VPRBP蛋白与Abl激酶诱发、抑制前列腺癌的一种物理机制.研究发现,DNA损伤使得ATM(共济失调毛细血管扩张症突变)很快激活,并激活上调p53蛋白表达,DNA损伤的后续破坏会在很大程度上通过p53表达上调而被抑制. VPRBP通过上调MDM2蛋白的激活水平,使得p53表达水平异常,进而无法正常抑制前列腺癌的发生发展.通过考察Abl在前列腺癌进程中的作用发现,Abl使得AKT的表达水平下调,由于Abl对AKT的抑制作用,致使在AKT信号通路中MDM2表达水平受到抑制,进而稳定p53表达.由此表明了,过少的Abl对AKT的抑制程度减弱,不仅使得细胞代谢出现紊乱,而且还会促使p53正常的周期表达水平异常,对DNA损伤诱发的肿瘤抑制性减弱,进而促进前列腺癌的发生发展.基于本文模型,可以预测VPRBP与Abl作为诱发、抑制前列腺癌的调节剂对现有和潜在的抗癌治疗较为敏感. VPRBP与Abl在诱发、抑制前列腺癌过程中的时滞效应,导致信号通路中p53与PTEN蓄积量增多、AKT蓄积量减少,以及Plk1周期振荡相位转移...     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.