Hes1调控 AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的一种物理机制

基于Hill动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程，建立理论模型研究发状分裂相关增强子1(hairy and enhancer of split 1,Hes1)调控蛋白激酶B (Protein Kinase B,AKT)-鼠双微体2 (Murine Double Minute2,MDM2)-抗癌基因p53(p53)-第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)通路的一种物理机制.研究发现，Hes1通过与PTEN结合抑制PTEN表达，并调控AKT信号.表明了Hes1蛋白的合成，以及Hes1与PTEN相互作用调控AKTMDM2-p53-PTEN通路信号，将会有效地控制细胞结果 . Hes1作为AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN信号通路中上游调节的重要因素，还可以在一定程度上通过影响p53蛋白功能，改变p53对肿瘤的抑制性.理论结果可用于预测Notch通路信号异常诱导的致癌性，并进一步揭示了Notch信号通路影响细胞AKT-MDM2-p53-PTEN通路的激活...     

GYS2 与 p53 抑制 HBV 相关的肝癌进展

本文基于 Hill 动力学与 Michaelis-Menten 方程,建立理论模型研究糖原合酶2 (GYS2) 与 p53 蛋白抑制乙肝病毒(HBV)相关的肝癌进展。理论模型考虑乙肝病毒x蛋白 (HBx)、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶1 (HDAC1)与乙酰化的p53(p53AC) 结合形成复合体,抑制GYS2 表达,以及GYS2通过调控增强稳态 p53(Sp53) 表达,进而抑制肝癌(HCC)的发生发展。研究发现,GYS2 灵敏地调控 Sp53 表达上调,从而使得未乙酰化的Sp53(FSp53) 表达提升,抑制 HCC 的发生发展。部分 Sp53 经过 p300 蛋白乙酰化后与 HBx、 HDAC1 结合形成复合体,通过负反馈抑制 GYS2表达。通过考察不同浓度 HBx 条件下 GYS2 与 FSp53 的动力学特性,我们发现,较高浓度的 HBx 减弱了 GYS2 表达,进而弱化了下游 FSp53 的表达水平。另外,p300 与部分 Sp53 结合,也在一程度上调低了 FSp53 的表达水平,减弱了 FSp53 对 HCC 的抑制程度,从而促进了HCC 发生发展。理论结果符合实验,并进一步揭示 GYS2 与 p53调控的 HCC 的抑癌机理,可为设计阻断乙型肝炎向 HCC 转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据。     

Mdm2生成速率调控的p53-Mdm2振子的全局动力学和稳定性

肿瘤抑制蛋白p53的动力学在一定程度上可以决定DNA损伤后的细胞命运.p53的动力学行为与p53信号通路中p53-Mdm2振子模块密切相关.然而,p53的负调控子Mdm2的生成速率的增加使其在一些癌细胞中过表达.因此探讨Mdm2生成速率对p53动力学的影响有重要意义.同时,PDCD5作为p53的激活子也调控p53的表达.因此,本文针对PDCD5调控的p53-Mdm2振子模型,通过分岔分析获得了Mdm2生成速率所调控的p53的单稳态、振荡以及单稳态与振荡共存的动力学行为,且稳定性通过能量面进行了分析.此外,噪声强度对p53动力学的稳定性有重要的影响.因此,针对p53的振荡行为,探讨了噪声强度对势垒高度和周期的影响.本文所获得的结果对理解DNA损伤后的p53信号通路调控起到一定的指导作用.     

糖原合酶激酶3(GSK3)介导的胰岛素对糖原 合酶2(GYS2)的抑制调节

本文基于Hill 动力学与 Michaelis-Menten 方程,建立理论模型研究肝癌(HCC)进展过程的微环境中,糖原合酶激酶3(GSK3)介导的胰岛素对糖原代谢的抑制调节,以及 P53 蛋白恢复调节糖原代谢异常的作用。分析了胰岛素激活 AKT 激酶影响 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性,以及 P53 通过抑制 AKT,对 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性异常的调节恢复特性。研究发现,胰岛素激活并提升 AKT 的表达水平,经过 AKT 的催化作用,GSK3 的表达被抑制减弱,进而增强了 GYS2 的磷酸化和失活。在胰岛素浓度较低的情况下,GYS2 去磷酸化激活的昼夜节律性会被改变,进而改变了 GYS2 昼夜节律的合成规律。在较高胰岛素浓度条件下,去磷酸化的 GYS2(dGYS2) 随时间演变的周期振荡性会被极大地改变,GYS2 昼夜节律的合成规律被破坏。改变 P53 的表达水平,我们发现,P53 对较低和较高胰岛素浓度条件下 dGYS2 异常的昼夜节律演化性,有明显的调节恢复作用。通过 P53 的调节,dGYS 随时间演化异常紊乱的昼夜节律性被还原,GYS2 恢复昼夜节律的合成。理论结果符合实验,并进一步分析了 GSK3 介导的胰岛素调节 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性的调节机理,以及 P53 对GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变异常的调节恢复特性,进而揭示了 HCC 发生发展的一种致癌、抑癌机理,可为设计阻断致癌转变的通路治疗方案提供理论依据。     

Nutlin-3a对p53-MDM2复合物稳定性影响

p53蛋白是一种与细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡有关的蛋白质.在受到细胞压力或环境扰动后, p53促进下游多个靶基因的转录,介导肿瘤抑制. MDM2是主要的E3泛素连接酶,也是p53的负调控因子. MDM2可促进p53的泛素化和核输出,抑制p53的抑癌活性.因此MDM2对p53的负调控始终是肿瘤治疗中急切需要解决的问题. Nutlin-3a是被证明可以有效抑制p53-MDM2相互作用的小分子抑制剂.本文使用全原子分子动力学模拟,研究Nutlin-3a对p53-MDM2复合物的稳定性的影响.结果表明,通过引起p53和MDM2间Phe19-Gln72的氢键和Glu17-Lys94的盐桥发生的断裂, Nutlin-3a可以削弱p53和MDM2间的相互作用.我们的工作对Nutlin-3a小分子抑制剂的作用机制进行了说明,揭示了抗癌药物Nutlin-3a介导的p53-MDM2复合物亲和力降低的分子机制,并为针对p53蛋白的有效抗癌治疗提供了理论基础.     

胰岛素异常积累诱发转移性致癌通路激活的模型化研究

本文基于质量作用动力学与Michaelis-Menten方程建立理论模型,研究胰岛素异常积累诱发转移性致癌通路激活特性.理论模型考虑胰岛素通过激活PI3K-AKT-mTOR信号传导途径调控AKT-MDM2-P53-PTEN信号通路,以及胰岛素异常积累诱发JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌通路信号激活特性.研究发现,在JAK2/STAT5通路信号传导过程中,酪氨酸磷酸化的STAT5单体迅速转化为STAT5二聚体.随着异常胰岛素积累的增加,磷酸化的STAT5二聚体、酪氨酸磷酸化STAT5二聚体表达水平进一步提升.由此表明了,异常胰岛素积累诱发JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌通路激活.胰岛素异常积累通过直接提升JAK2的表达,导致了AKT的表达异常升高,致使细胞糖原代谢紊乱,P53蛋白抑癌作用降低,促进的癌症的发生发展. miR-378作为非常重要的抑癌因子,在JAK2/STAT5转移性致癌信号通路信号作用下,miR-378的抑癌效应被明显削弱,由此也表明了转移性癌症的复杂性.通过分析模型中各参数的敏感性,确定了JAK2/STAT5信号通路创设致癌微环境的灵敏性.本文理论结果符合实验理论观测,可为...     

p53-MDM2相互作用的分子力学和动力学研究

p53-MDM2相互作用的抑制已经成为治疗癌症的新方法.本文特分子动力学模拟和MM-PBSA(molecular mechanics/passion-Boltzman surface area)方法结合起来研究MDM2-p53相互作用机制.结果证明范德华相互作用驱动了MDM2与p53的结合.基于残基-残基相互作用的计算不仅证明p53的三个残基Phe19’,Trp23’和Leu26’与MDM2有较强的相互作用,而且还发现另外两个残基Leu22’和Pro27’也与MDM2有较强的相互作用,这为抗癌药物的设计提供了新靶标.同时也证明CH-CH,CH-π和π-π相互作用驱动了p53在MDM2疏水性裂缝中的结合.     

p53-MDM2相互作用的分子力学和动力学研究

p53-MDM2相互作用的抑制已经成为治疗癌症的新方法. 本文将分子动力学模拟和MM-PBSA(molecular mechanics/passion-Boltzman surface area)方法结合起来研究MDM2-p53相互作用机制. 结果证明范德华相互作用驱动了MDM2与p53的结合. 基于残基-残基相互作用的计算不仅证明p53的三个残基Phe19′, Trp23′和Leu26′与MDM2有较强的相互作用,而且还发现另外两个残基Leu22′和Pro27′也与MDM2有较强的相互作用,这为抗癌药物的设计提供了新靶标. 同时也证明CH-CH,CH-π和π-π相互作用驱动了p53在MDM2疏水性裂缝中的结合.     

HBx 诱发肝脏糖原代谢的昼夜节律性异常

在本文中,基于Hill 动力学与 Michaelis-Menten 方程,建立理论模型研究乙肝病毒x蛋白(HBx)诱发肝脏糖原代谢的昼夜节律性改变。理论模型考虑：HBx、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶1 (HDAC1) 与乙酰化的p53(p53AC) 结合形成复合体,并抑制 GYS2 表达;CLOCK 基因通过调控昼夜节律mRNA(Circadian mRNA)和频率蛋白(FRQ)的表达合成,调节 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化的昼夜节律性。研究发现,在较低 HBx 浓度条件下,磷酸化的 GYS2 (pGYS2) 和去磷酸化的 GYS2 (dGYS2) 随时间演化,呈现了周期性的振荡特性。GYS2 通过磷酸化作用抑制其活性,通过去磷酸化,GYS2 被激活,这种磷酸化/去磷酸化转变保持了肝脏糖原代谢的昼夜节律性。在较高 HBx 浓度条件下,dGYS2 随时间演变的周期振荡节律性被改变,并且振荡幅度降低。由此表明,较高浓度的 HBx 则会在很大程度上改变 GYS2 去磷酸化的活性,GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性会被 HBx 破坏。另外,HBx 与 HDAC1、p53AC 形成复合体协同抑制 GYS2,也会在很大程度上改变 GYS2 磷酸化/去磷酸化转变的昼夜节律性。糖原代谢昼夜节律性的改变,导致肝脏内糖原代谢紊乱,进而促使肝癌(HCC)的发生发展。理论结果符合实验,并进一步揭示了 HBx 诱发肝脏糖原代谢紊乱,进而导致 HCC 的发生发展的一种致癌机理,可为设计阻断 HBV 向 HCC 转变通路的治疗方案提供理论依据。     

基于DNA损伤的蛋白调控网络研究

细胞生长的每个阶段都离不开蛋白质相互作用.研究细胞周期的功能、调控机理及参与调控的蛋白质之间的关系对生物工程等领域有重大的应用价值.本文通过研究电离辐射下生物体细胞的DNA损伤后,细胞内以p53为核心的扩展蛋白调控网络的功能、原理及其自修复机理,在现有蛋白网络基础上引入更多蛋白网络调控因子来建立蛋白调控网络,仿真模拟更为全面的细胞周期进程;并且从复杂网络图论和细胞周期调控两个方面分析扩展PMP调控网络的抗扰能力及自修复机理,结果表明:1)蛋白网络在对抗环境中出现的小扰动时具有较强的稳定性.但在面对蓄意攻击时网络的稳定性较差.2)受损的DNA能否被修复取决于p53蛋白的动力学行为,即低损伤与中损伤情况下,p53可诱导细胞周期进程阻滞来完成细胞的自修复;而当高损伤或过损伤时,p53蛋白浓度表现为周期振荡行为并诱导细胞凋亡.     

A mathematical model of a P53 oscillation network triggered by DNA damage

Taking the interaction between a DNA damage repair module, an ATM module, and a P53--MDM2 oscillation module into account, this paper presents a mathematical model of a P53 oscillation network triggered by a DNA damage signal in individual cells. The effects of the DNA damage signal and the delay time of P53-induced MDM2 expression on the behaviours of the P53 oscillation network are studied. In the oscillatory state of the P53--MDM2 oscillator, it is found that the pulse number of P53--P oscillation increases with the increase of the initial DNA damage signal, whereas the amplitude and the period of P53--P oscillation are fixed for different initial DNA damage signals, and the period numbers of P53--P oscillations decrease with the increase of time delay of MDM2 expression induced by P53. These theoretical predictions are consistent with previous experimental results. The combined negative feedback of P53--MDM2 with the time delay of P53-induced MDM2 expression causes oscillation behaviour in the P53 network.     

Insight into binding modes of p53 and inhibitors to MDM2 based on molecular dynamic simulations and principal component analysis

Inhibition of the p53–MDM2 interaction is a new therapeutic strategy to activate the wild-type function of p53 in tumors. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and calculations of binding free energies were performed to investigate the binding mechanisms of p53 and two inhibitors PMI and VZV to MDM2. The results show that van der Waals interaction is the main force to control the bindings of ligands to the hydrophobic cleft of MDM2, which basically agrees with the previous calculated and experimental studies. The results from the RMSF calculation, cross-correlation analysis and principal component (PC) analysis prove that the ligand bindings produce a significant effect on the conformation of the binding cleft of MDM2. In addition, the calculations of residue-based free energy decomposition suggest that the CH–CH, CH–π, and π–π interactions dominate the bindings of p53 and inhibitors to MDM2. This study can provide significant help for the design of potent inhibitors targeting the p53–MDM2 interaction.     

Effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7)

The study aimed to correlate cell proliferation inhibition with oxidative stress and p53 protein expression in cancerous cells. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) is the essential component of inorganic composition in human bone. It has been found to have obvious inhibitory function on growth of many kinds of tumor cells and its nanoparticle has stronger anti-cancerous effect than macromolecule microparticles. Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were cultured and treated with HAP nanoparticles at various concentrations. Cells viability was detected with MTT colorimetric assay. The morphology of the cancerous cells was performed by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of a cell apoptosis related gene (p53) was determined by ELISA assay and flow cytometry (FCM). The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in HAP exposed cells was measured by H₂DCFDA staining. DNA damage was measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA. The cellular proliferation inhibition rate was significantly (p < 0.05) increasing in a dose-dependent manner of HAP nanoparticles. Cell apoptotic characters were observed after MCF-7 cells were treated by HAP nanoparticles for 48 h. Moreover, ELISA assay and FCM shows a dose-dependent activation of p53 in MCF-7 cells treated with nanoHAP. These causative factors of the above results may be justified by an overproduction of ROS. In this study, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of intracellular ROS in HAP-treated cells was observed. This study shows that HAP inhibits the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells as well as induces cell apoptosis. This study shows that HAP NPs Induce the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and activate p53, which may be responsible for DNA damage and cell apoptosis.     

The role of p53 in the response of tumor cells to sonodynamic therapy in vitro

p53 plays a pivotal role in apoptosis. In addition, p53 is currently extensively investigated as a promising strategy for highly specific anticancer therapy in chemotherapeutics and photodynamic therapy. However, the role of p53 in the response of tumor cells to sonodynamic therapy treatment is still unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the activation of p53 in sonodynamic therapy. Three murine tumor models with distinct aggressiveness (S180, H-22 and EAC) were treated with 1.75 MHz continuous ultrasound at an acoustic intensity (I_SATA) of 1.4 W for 3 min in the presence of 20 μg/ml hematoporphyrin. The DNA fragment and nuclear damage were observed by TUNEL and single cell gel electrophoresis. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of p53, PUMA, Bax and Fas. Then we checked the translocation of p53 by confocal microscopy. DNA sequencing was used to determine the status of p53 gene in three tumor cell lines. Our results indicated that the level of p53 protein and mRNA increased significantly, and p53 activated the expression of its downstream pro-apoptosis gene PUMA, Bax and Fas in the S180 and H-22 cells. Meanwhile, p53 protein translocated onto mitochondria. In the EAC cells, expression and translocation of p53 was not found; the level of PUMA, Bax and Fas remained unaltered. The S180 cells showed most serious DNA fragment and nuclear damage with 77.43% TDNA; H-22 cells in the middle with 58.85% TDNA; whereas EAC cells appeared less nuclear material lost with just 15.82% TDNA. The results of DNA sequencing showed that the sequences of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene of S180, H-22 and EAC cells were the same with the sequences of wild-type p53 provided by NCBI. These results primarily demonstrated that: (1) p53 was activated to promote SDT-induced apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways in the S180 and H-22 cells; (2) cellular responses of different cells to SDT were distinct, the aggressive S180 cells were much more sensitive than H-22, whereas EAC cells were relatively less sensitive. The discrepancy among the cell lines may be due to different activation time of p53 protein.     

Oscillatory expression and variability in p53 regulatory network

The effect of delay, nonlinearity and noise on oscillatory motion is of permanent interest for theoretical and experimental research. Here we explore a negative feedback loop between p53 and Mdm2 with a time delay, which is a key circuit in the response of cells to damage. This circuit shows noisy sustained oscillations in individual human cells following DNA damage, and damped oscillations at the cell population level. We demonstrate the effect of delay on the oscillation, and the correlation in time course. In a multi-species system, the events at different time points which span a time delay are coupled even when the delay is large compared with the other characteristic times of the system. We also clarify that the dynamics at the single-cell level appears to be coherent resonance, and the origin of the damped oscillation at the macroscopic level out of the sustained ones at the single-cell level can be ascribed to the dephasing process which is induced by the interplay between nonlinearity and noise. The findings are consistent with experimental observations and advance our understanding of the dynamics of the p53 network.