基于可微收缩函数与自适应阈值的小波去噪

为进一步提升高斯噪声的去噪效果,提出了基于可微收缩函数与自适应阈值的图像去噪方法。根据高斯噪声的小波系数具有幅值小、服从高斯分布的特征,提出一种自适应于信噪强度的阈值,以准确地区分噪声系数与图像系数。根据自然图像的小波系数具有平滑连贯的特征,提出了一种可微的收缩函数,与自适应阈值结合对含噪的小波系数进行量化处理,以有效地去除噪声系数,保持和恢复图像的系数。实验结果证明,相对于现有的最新提出的小波阈值去噪方法,所提出的方法既能更加有效地去除噪声,又能更好地保持和恢复图像的细节和纹理结构。     

基于小波阈值函数与改进中值滤波融合的抑制图像混合噪声算法

针对图像处理中存在椒盐噪声和高斯噪声的问题,提出了一种新的小波阈值函数与改进中值滤波融合的噪声抑制算法。依据椒盐噪声与其周围邻域像素灰度值存在的明显差异,估计椒盐噪声,采取3×3模板进行反复迭代滤除椒盐噪声。对高斯噪声,利用极限思想提出了一种新的小波阈值函数,并引入三个控制变量,通过调节控制变量使所构成的小波系数在一定阈值范围内无限接近原小波系数。实验结果表明,提高了峰值信噪比,减小了均方误差,较好的保留了图像细节。     

小目标识别的小波阈值去噪方法

为改善小目标识别的滤噪效果并提高其信噪比,构造了新的阈值函数并采用局部方差估计法来计算阈值对小目标进行去噪处理。对小波分解层次中各高频子带选取不同的阈值,其中大于阈值的小波系数采用改进的双曲线函数作为阈值函数,小于阈值的小波系数采用指数函数与对数函数相互组合的方式作为阈值函数。对采用的阈值函数进行了理论推导,并与软、硬阈值法进行了实验对比。计算机仿真结果表明：经本文阈值法处理后,信噪比相对于含噪图像提高了70.8%,而软、硬阈值法分别提高了49.8%和59.7%。光学实验进一步证实：该方法能更有效地提高信噪比,增强联合变换相关器对于小目标的识别能力。     

小波变换和模糊聚类的SAR图像斑点噪声去除

合成孔径雷达SAR图像的相干成像特性,不可避免的形成特有的相干斑点噪声,严重影响图像的地物信息提取和分类,需要进行去噪预处理。针对SAR图像斑点噪声的特点,针对SAR图像斑点噪声的特点,对图像进行小波变换分解,提出模糊聚类和软阈值收缩去噪的方法,利用模糊C均值聚类将小波系数分成包含信号能量和只包含斑点噪声能量两大类,对前一类小波系数进行软阈值降噪处理,而对后一类小波系数直接置零。实验结果的目视效果和评价指标均表明,小波模糊聚类和软阈值收缩有效地去除了SAR图像斑点噪声,图像视觉效果清晰,较好地保持地物目标的边缘等图像细节信息,去噪效果优于小波软阈值收缩。     

小波阈值去噪的一种改进方法

白噪声的方差和幅值随着小波变换尺度的增加会逐渐减小,而信号的方差和幅值与小波变换的尺度变化无关。本文在Donoho的软、硬阈值去噪方法基础上,提出了一种新的阈值函数,并把它们应用在图像的去噪上。该阈值函数具有物理意义清晰、表达式简单、计算方便等优点。实际噪声图像测试结果表明,这种经改进的方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论是在视觉效果上还是在信噪比和均方误差定量指标上均明显优于常用的软、硬阈值去噪算法以及改进的软硬阈值折中算法。     

小波阈值降噪算法在光电探测器信号 处理中的应用

针对光电探测器传统降噪处理中软、硬阈值函数存在的缺点,提出了一种含参数的阈值函数和逐层变化的阈值相结合的小波阈值降噪算法.该算法可以调整参数使生成的阈值函数于软、硬阈值函数之间,且在临界阈值处平滑过渡,保留部分有用信号.应用过程中阈值可随着分解层数的改变而改变,对各个分解层有自适应特征,减少小波系数阈值处理中的固定偏差,从而在保留原有信号的同时减除不必要噪声.仿真及实测结果表明,采用该小波阈值降噪算法处理的信号信噪比较高、均方误差较小,有效地抑制噪声对光电探测器输出信号的干扰.     

基于小波的超声斑纹噪声抑制与对比度增强

提出了一种基于小波变换的降低超声图像斑纹噪声,同时完成对比度增强的非线性处理新方法。斑纹噪声属于乘性噪声,是造成超声图像质量退化的主要原因,采用Jain提出的斑纹噪声模型,完成对数化处理后的超声图像的小波变换,然后在最细分辨级上完成小波变换系数的软阈值方法处理,而在中间分辨级上采用硬阈值方法处理,并采用GAG特性曲线对图像细节特征进行增强。算法在预处理阶段还采用了平滑滤波器对最粗分辨级的平滑小波系数进行滤波,以减少脉冲能量对处理结果的干扰。对多幅超声图象的实验结果显示,相对于现有的去噪方法,该方法可以同时实现降噪与局部特征增强的两重目的,具有更佳的适用性。     

超声医学图像降噪处理中的软阈值方法

通过二维离散小波变换将超声医学图像投影到小波变换域 ,利用Donoho软阈值技术方法进行降噪处理 ,可快速有效地去除图像的斑点噪声     

一种改进的小波阈值去噪方法

提出了一种新的阈值函数,它高阶可导,便于各种数学运算。与硬阈值函数相比,它在阈值点处是连续的;相比于软阈值函数,减小了估计小波系数存在时的恒定偏差,更好地保留了图像边缘等局部特征。选用平移不变小波变换,结合新提出的阈值函数,给出了一种新的去噪方法。仿真实验结果证明了此方法的优越性。     

一种新的基于小波变换的图像去噪方法

根据图像小波分解的特点和小波分解后高频小波系数的统计特性,构造了一种新阈值函数的去噪算法。与传统的硬阈值、软阈值函数相比,新阈值函数考虑了图像能量分布的特点,对于每一小波系数乘以一个与自身大小相关的降噪因子,并且新阈值函数简单易于计算,具有较强的自适应性。实验结果表明,采用新阈值函数的去噪结果能够有效地抑制图像的马赛克效应,无论在视觉效果上,还是在信噪比增益上均优于传统的软、硬阈值方法。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.