Control application of a superconducting magnet power supply based on EPICS

The superconducting quadrupole magnets （SCQs） are powered by 16 power supplies in the inter- action region of the BEPC Ⅱ. The control application of these power supplies must be interlocked with the quench protection system to protect the superconducting magnet and relevant devices. This paper describes the development procedures of this control application using EPICS and the operating result with the quench protection system on-site.     

ADS注入器Ⅱ低温恒温器控制系统

设计了用于ADS注入器Ⅱ超导腔的低温恒温器控制系统。采用了基于EPICS 的分布式控制系统架构,以PLC 和串口服务器等为核心控制硬件,用PID 算法实现了恒温器内氦压和液氦量的自动控制,压力控制精度约为100 Pa,液氦高度误差约10 mm。利用EPICS 和LabVIEW 在局域网发布过程数据,实现了操作员界面对低温恒温器分布式系统的统一管理,控制系统设计性能满足使用需求,已经在ADS注入器Ⅱ超导高频腔水平测试中发挥了重要作用。Cryogenic module provides important low temperature environment for half wave resonance superconducting cavity in C-ADS injector Ⅱ, to ensure the effective operation of cryogenic module, a remote control system which is based on the physical and experimental industrial control systems (EPICS) is introduced in this paper. PLC and serial port server are used as field controllers. Host computer runs EPICS and LabVIEW which are capable of getting and releasing data in local area net. Operators manage all the equipments through a CSS interface which is linked to local area net. The control system which is simple structure and reliable work, has played an important role in the level test of HWR superconducting cavity.     

Upgrade of Control System for the BEPCII

The BEPC will increase its luminosity ten times with upgrade of both the machine and detector,which is the project BEPCII,The project will be started at beginning chine and detector,which is the project BEPCII.The project will be started at beginning of 2002 and finished within 3-4 years.In order to reach the goal of the BEPCII,a number of new equipment will be added in the system,such as the superconducting RF cavities,new magnet power supplies and beam feedback system,and the BEPC control system has to be upgraded.The BEPC control system was built in 1987 and was upgraded in 1994.It is an Open VMS and CAMAC based-system,some equipment is controlled by PCs.We are going to upgrade the existing system by EPICS.Several VME IOCs will be added in the system with feildbus,PLCs for the new equipment control.And we will keep the existing system in use,such as CAMAC hardware ,PC based sub-control and application programs,which will be merged into the EPICS system.Recently the development of the EPICS prototype has been started.Regard some slow control,commercial SCADA product can be chosen as the development tool.We have just finished a prototype with the SCADA product Wizcon.This paper will describe the system design and development issues.     

Study on cooling process of cryogenic system for superconducting magnets of BEPCⅡ

In the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCⅡ), three superconducting magnets are employed to realize the goal of two orders of magnitude higher luminosity. A cryogenic system with a total capacity of 0.5~kW at 4.5~K was built at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) to support the operations of these superconducting devices. For preparing the commissioning of the system, the refrigeration process was simulated and analyzed numerically. The numerical model was based on the latest engineering progress and focused on the normal operation mode. The pressure and temperature profiles of the cryogenic system are achieved with the simulation. The influence of the helium mass flow rates to cool superconducting magnets on the thermodynamic parameters of their normal operation is also studied and discussed in this paper.     

Optimization of a Cryogenic System at Temperature 2 K for the PKU-FEL Facility

The conceptual design of a cryogenic system at temperature 2 K for the Peking University Free Electron Laser （PKU-FEL） facility is carried out. In order to minimize the scale of the cryogenic system and the running cost, the superconducting accelerator and the superconducting injector will mainly run at a long-pulsed mode. Optimization of the 2-K cryogenic system is carried out based on the heat load estimation and running parameters. Total cooling power of 52.5 W for the long-pulsed mode is necessary for the PKU cryogenic system. The PKU cryogenic system will be the first 2-K system for accelerators in China and will provide experience for similar facilities.     

Design of BEPCⅡ bunch current monitor system

BEPCⅡ is an electron-positron collider designed to run under multi-bunches and high beam current condition. The accelerator consists of an electron ring, a positron ring and a linear injector. In order to achieve the target luminosity and implement the equal bunch charge injection, the Bunch Current Monitor (BCM) system is built on BEPCⅡ. The BCM system consists of three parts: the front-end circuit, the bunch current acquisition system and the bucket selection system. The control software of BCM is based on VxWorks and EPICS. With the help of BCM system, the bunch current in each bucket can be monitored in the Central Control Room. The BEPCⅡ timing system can also use the bunch current database to decide which bucket needs to refill to implement ``top-off' njection.     

Control system for the CSNS ion source test stand

A penning plasma surface H- ion source test stand for the CSNS has just been constructed at the IHEP. In order to achieve a safe and reliable system, nearly all devices of the ion source are designed to have the capability of both local and remote operation function. The control system consists of PLCs and EPICS real-time software tools separately serving device control and monitoring, PLC integration and OPI support. This paper summarizes the hardware and software implementation satisfying the requirements of the ion source control system.     

A tuning system for BEPCⅡ

The tuning system plays a very important role when a superconducting cavity is in operation. It cooperates with other control loops to adjust the cavity frequency with high precision, reduce the reflection power, guarantee the stability of beam, and ensure the safety of the superconducting cavity. This paper focuses mainly on the tuning system working principle, the working state and problems that Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC ) has encountered during operation.     

Modified read-out system of the beam phase measurement system for CSNS

The customized beam phase measurement system can meet the requirement of beam loss control of the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ). However, its read-out part cannot satisfy the requirement of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). CSNS uses the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) as its control system. So it is necessary to develop the EPICS read-out system consisting of EPICS IOC databases, driver support and OPIs. The new system has been successfully tested in the RFQ. In the future, it will be applied to the beam diagnostics of CSNS.     

Design of a superconducting magnet for CADS

This paper describes a superconducting magnet system for the China Accelerator Driven System (CADS). The magnetic field is provided by one main, two bucking and four racetrack coils. The main coil produces a central field of up to 7 T and the effective length is more than 140 mm, the two bucking coils can shield most of the fringe field, and the four racetrack superconducting coils produce the steering magnetic field. Its leakage field in the cavity zone is about 5× 10^-5 T when the shielding material Niobium and cryogenic permalloy are used as the Meissner shielding and passive shielding respectively. The quench calculations and protection system are also discussed.     

Design and development of the CSNS ion source control system

Now that the CSNS ion source test stand has been stably working for years, an online control system for the CSNS ion source which aims to be more stable and reliable is now under development. F3RP61-2L, a new PLC CPU module running an embedded Linux system, is introduced to the system as an IOC, to function together with the I/O modules of FA-M3 PLC on the PLC-bus. The adoption of the new IOC not only simplifies the architecture of the control system, but also improves the data transmission speed. In this paper, the design and development of the supervisory and control system for the CSNS ion source are described.     

Amplitude and phase stability studies in a DC superconducting injector

The DC superconducting injector will be used in the PKU-THz facility which consists of a DC-gun and a 3+1/2-cell superconducting cavity. The cavity must accelerate the electron beam to 5.82 MeV which is susceptible to perturbations because of its narrow bandwidth. In this paper, the sources and influences of the perturbations in the 3+1/2-cell cavity are discussed. It is shown that the control system is essential for the cavity. The design of a feedback based digital RF low level control system for the 3+1/2-cell cavity is accomplished.     

The design simulation of the superconducting section in the ADS injector Ⅱ

The high-current superconducting proton linac is being studied for the accelerator-driven system (ADS) project undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The injector Ⅱ will be operated at 162.5 MHz, and the proton out from the RFQ with an energy of 2.5 MeV will be accelerated to 10 MeV by two cryo-modules, which are composed of eight superconducting half wave resonance cavities and nine solenoids. In this paper, the design and beam simulation of the superconducting section of the injector Ⅱ, the acceptance calculation and a stability analysis are presented.     

Creation of a diagnostic complex for the characterization of cryogenic laser-fusion targets using the tomography method with probing irradiation in the visible spectrum

We present our results on developing a diagnostic complex for high-precision characterization of the parameters of laser-fusion microobjects, such as microspheres and cryogenic targets (the microobject size is 1–2 mm). The complex operates based on the principle of tomography. The complex consists of (a) the scanning system providing a set of shadow projections of a microobject in the visible range of radiation and (b) specially developed software for 3D reconstruction of the microobject from the set of projections. The spatial resolution of the optical system is 1 μm for a probing-radiation wavelength of 490 nm. The distinctive features of the diagnostic complex are (1) operation with both free-standing and mounted targets and (2) the possibility of scanning the targets from room to cryogenic temperatures. The operation of the complex was demonstrated in the reconstruction of polystyrene microspheres by a large set (80–90) of shadow projections at room and cryogenic temperatures.     

Physical design of superconducting magnet for ADS injection Ⅰ

A superconducting solenoid prototype magnet for Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (ADS) Injection Ⅰ has been designed and fabricated, which has also been tested in a liquid Helium state inside a vertical Dewar in the Haerbin institute of Technology in November 2012. The design current was 210 A, when the test current reached 400 A no quench occurred so the solenoid magnet was forced to quench by the embedded heaters. The integral field strength, leakage field at the nearby upstream and downstream superconducting spoke cavities all meet the design requirements. At the same time, it also checked the reliability of the vertical test Dewar and the quenched detection system. The superconducting prototype magnet has accumulated valuable experiences for the coming batch magnets production and cryogenic test.     

Chaotic system optimal tracking using data-based synchronous method with unknown dynamics and disturbances

We develop an optimal tracking control method for chaotic system with unknown dynamics and disturbances. The method allows the optimal cost function and the corresponding tracking control to update synchronously. According to the tracking error and the reference dynamics, the augmented system is constructed. Then the optimal tracking control problem is defined. The policy iteration(PI) is introduced to solve the min-max optimization problem. The off-policy adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) algorithm is then proposed to find the solution of the tracking Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs(HJI) equation online only using measured data and without any knowledge about the system dynamics. Critic neural network(CNN), action neural network(ANN), and disturbance neural network(DNN) are used to approximate the cost function, control, and disturbance. The weights of these networks compose the augmented weight matrix, and the uniformly ultimately bounded(UUB) of which is proven. The convergence of the tracking error system is also proven. Two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed synchronous solution method for the chaotic system tracking problem.     

Charmonium results from BES

Using ～14×106ψ(2S) and ～58×106J/ψ data collected at BESⅡ/BEPC,the branching fraction of ψ(2S) →Ω+Ωˉ+ is measured with about 5σ statistical significance.The Λ electric dipole and Λ decay parameter are studied using the decay J/ψ→ΛΛ→ ppˉπ+π-.Using(106±3)×106 ψ(2S) decays collected at BESⅢ/BEPCⅡ,we have obtained some interesting physics results.The branching fractions of χcJ →π0π0,ηη are measured with precision improved.The mass and width of hc(11P1) state,together with the branching fractions of Br(ψ(2S) →π0hc) and Br(hc →γηc) are the first measurements.Surprisingly,the decays of χc1 →φφ,ωω,and ωφ are firstly observed in BESⅢ data.     

Tuner control system of Spoke012 SRF cavity for C-ADS injector I

A new tuner control system for spoke superconducting radio frequency(SRF) cavities has been developed and applied to cryomodule I of the C-ADS injector I at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We have successfully implemented the tuner controller based on Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)for the first time and achieved a cavity tuning phase error of ±0.7?(about ±4 Hz peak to peak) in the presence of electromechanical coupled resonance. This paper presents preliminary experimental results based on the PLC tuner controller under proton beam commissioning.     

Prototype of time digitizing system for BESⅢ endcap TOF upgrade

The prototype of a time digitizing system for the BESⅢ endcap TOF (ETOF) upgrade is introduced in this paper. The ETOF readout electronics has a distributed architecture. Hit signals from the multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) are signaled as LVDS by front-end electronics (FEE) and are then sent to the back-end time digitizing system via long shield differential twisted pair cables. The ETOF digitizing system consists of two VME crates, each of which contains modules for time digitization, clock, trigger, fast control, etc. The time digitizing module (TDIG) of this prototype can support up to 72 electrical channels for hit information measurement. The fast control (FCTL) module can operate in barrel or endcap mode. The barrel FCTL fans out fast control signals from the trigger system to the endcap FCTLs, merges data from the endcaps and then transfers to the trigger system. Without modifying the barrel TOF (BTOF) structure, this time digitizing architecture benefits from improved ETOF performance without degrading the BTOF performance. Lab experiments show that the time resolution of this digitizing system can be lower than 20 ps, and the data throughput to the DAQ can be about 92 Mbps. Beam experiments show that the total time resolution can be lower than 45 ps.     

Development of front-end readout electronics for silicon strip detectors

Front-end readout electronics have been developed for silicon strip detectors at our institute. In this system an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) ATHED is used to realize multi-channel energy and time measurements. The slow control of ASIC chips is achieved by parallel port and the timing control signals of ASIC chips are implemented with the CPLD. The data acquisition is carried out with a PXI-DAQ card. The software has a user-friendly GUI developed with LabWindows/CVI in the Windows XP operating system. The test results show that the energy resolution is about 1.14% for alpha at 5.48 MeV and the maximum channel crosstalk of the system is 4.60%. The performance of the system is very reliable and is suitable for nuclear physics experiments.