基于太赫兹时域光谱技术与PCA-BPN网络的转基因大豆鉴别（英文）

基于太赫兹波段内的光谱分析技术以及主成分特性分析与反向前馈神经网络建模,提出了一种转基因大豆鉴别方法.从光谱数据中提取累计方差贡献率达到97.582%的前8种主成分因子,并将其作为输入源导入神经网络模型,通过剔除冗余数据、降低数据维数,所建立的神经网络模型能准确识别校验集.该方法可以实现转基因大豆的快速、无损检测,在农业安全领域有广泛的应用前景.     

近红外光谱结合主成分分析和BP神经网络的转基因大豆无损鉴别研究

为探究无损鉴别转基因大豆的可行性,利用近红外光谱分析仪对大豆扫描得到反射光谱,应用主成分分析结合BP神经网络方法进行分析鉴别。首先应用主成分分析法,得到包含大豆99.03%的光谱信息的6个主成分,再将其作为BP神经网络的输入,对应的大豆种类作为输出,建立一个三层BP神经网络模型。该模型对于转基因大豆的正确识别率为100%,说明近红外光谱结合主成分分析和BP神经网络的方法能无损快速准确地鉴别转基因大豆。     

基于太赫兹时域光谱系统的转基因棉花种子主成分特性分析

运用太赫兹时域光谱技术对8种转基因棉花种子进行了探测研究.测量了转基因棉花种子在0.3~1.5THz频率范围的特征吸收谱,基于光谱分析,对比了8种转基因棉花种子吸收光谱的异同,并采用主成分分析法对其做了定性分析,得到了光谱分析的相关数据.提取了三种主成分因子,前三种主成分的累计方差贡献率达到了71.537%,从主成分得分图中可以明显区分不同类别的转基因棉花种子.太赫兹时域光谱技术能够实现对转基因棉花种子的无损检测,在农业选种、农业安全等领域将有广阔的应用价值.     

基于中红外光谱技术鉴别转基因大豆的方法研究

转基因技术对于实现粮食增产,保护生物多样性,减少化学农药使用量等方面有着重大意义,但也可能存在一定的安全隐患。因此,转基因作物检测鉴别技术的研究愈发受到重视。本文采用中红外光谱分析技术,研究对不同品种的转基因大豆及其亲本进行鉴别的可行性。实验采集了三种不同的非转基因大豆亲本(HC6, JACK和W82)及其转基因大豆品种在3 818～734 cm-1范围内的光谱信息。采用偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集的判别正确率分别为96.67%, 96.67%和83.33%,预测集的判别正确率分别为83.33%, 85%和85%。研究中采用X-loading weights、变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)和二阶导数(second derivative,2-Der)三种特征波数选择方法对光谱数据进行处理,并根据得到的特征波数分别建立PLS-DA模型进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集和预测集的判别正确率均超过76.67%和75%。采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和独立组分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)两种特征信息提取方法对光谱数据进行处理,分别建立PCA-PLS-DA和ICA-PLS-DA模型进行判别分析,三种大豆的建模集和预测集的判别正确率均超过80%和75%。研究表明中红外光谱分析技术可以较为准确地鉴别非转基因亲本与转基因品种,为转基因大豆的无损鉴别提供新的思路。同时结合特征波数选择方法与特征信息提取方法可以有效地降低模型复杂度,减少程序运算量。     

大豆叶面积指数的高光谱估算方法比较

叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)是重要的生物物理参数,亦是各种生态模型、生产力模型以及碳循环研究等的重要生物物理参量,因此具有重要的研究意义。通过分析大量实测数据,选用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)和比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)、主成分分析(principcal component analysis, PCA)、神经网络(neural network NN)三种方法对大豆使LAI进行了估算,比较分析了三种方法的估算结果。研究结果表明,植被指数法(NDVI,RVI),主成分分析,神经网络方法LAI都取得了较为理想的结果,验证模型的确定性系数分别达0.758和0.753, 0.954, 0.899,其中主成分分析方法和神经网络方法精度较高,主成分分析方法验证模型的稳定性更好,其验证模型的RMSE为0.267,明显低于两个植被指数(NDVI和RVI的RMSE分别为0.594和0.616)和神经网络(RMSE=0.413)。当叶面积指数较小时,植被指数能够较好地去除土壤、大气等条件影响,并精确估算LAI;当叶面积指数较大时,主成分分析能够弥补植被指数饱和的缺陷,得到很好的LAI估算效果。神经网络受LAI大小的影响效果居中,其对叶面积指数较小和较大时具有一致的估算效果,具有较好的应用潜力。     

基于紫外拉曼光谱的转基因大豆油快速识别方法研究

转基因技术对实现作物增产增质,降低农药使用量,降低生产成本等具有重要作用,但对生态环境也存在一定的潜在威胁。为了防止转基因大豆在食品化中的滥用,对转基因产品快速鉴别技术的研究尤为迫切。紫外拉曼光谱检测技术具备外场远距离无损遥测检测,简单高效,快速准确等优点,可有效用于物质遥测鉴别领域。基于紫外拉曼光谱的转基因/非转基因大豆油以及与其他类别食用油鉴别方法,采集了五种不同食用油(两种品牌转基因/非转基因大豆油各500组样本和一种稻米油100组样本,共2 100组样本)在3 500~400 cm-1(268~293 nm)范围内的日盲紫外拉曼光谱信息,为提高光谱数据的信噪比并保证分类识别的准确性,对上述光谱数据采用Savitzky-Golay滤波降噪、基于自适应迭代加权惩罚最小二乘法(airPLS)的基线校正以及多元散射校正(MSC)的光谱数据修正等预处理。根据大豆油的紫外拉曼指纹图谱,分析出主要化学成分包含脂肪类、蛋白质类、酰胺类。将每种大豆油样本按1∶1划分为训练集和测试集,输入训练集数据至支持向量机(SVM)进行训练,采用10折交叉验证建立最佳模型,识别准确率达99.81%,对转基因大豆油的判别效果显著;采用主成分分析法(PCA)进行数据降维处理,提取出8个主成分,累计贡献率为74.84%,可代表大部分原始数据特征。在此基础上,将预处理后的光谱数据按4∶1划分为训练集和测试集,采用偏最小二乘回归判别分析方法(PLS-DA),结合10折交叉验证法建立全谱的最佳PLS-DA模型(判别阈值设置为0.5),判别准确率达到70.95%。研究表明,紫外拉曼光谱分析方法可较为准确地鉴别非转基因/转基因大豆油,同时可鉴别大豆油与稻米油,实现对转基因大豆食品的快速无损鉴别,可望成为转基因大豆油及其食品的现场检测新的技术途径,对推动转基因产品遥测鉴别技术的发展具有进步意义。     

可见/近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别航天育种番茄

提出了利用可见/近红外光谱技术快速无损鉴别航天育种番茄品种的方法,采用偏最小二乘法对光谱特征信息进行提取,与神经网络结合建立番茄品种的鉴别模型.该模型将提取后的主成分作为神经网络的输入,加速了神经网络的训练速度.同时采用小波变换对大量光谱数据进行压缩,并结合神经网络建立番茄品种鉴别模型,该模型将压缩后的数据作为神经网络...     

一种新的线性神经网络多组分分析法及其在VC银翘片NIR定量分析中的应用

用红外光谱仪测量了VC银翘片的近红外谱图,然后将主成分分析法(PCA)和线性神经网络结合,分析VC银翘片中的对乙酰氨基酚和维生素C的含量。讨论了主成分数的选择及影响神经网络的各参数。为了比较算法的性能,作者又分别采用了偏最小二乘法、主成分分析结合BP神经网络进行数据处理。实验及数据处理结果表明,在3种多组分分析方法中,主成分分析结合线性神经网络的方法具有最高的预测精度。     

基于可见-近红外光谱技术的葡萄酒真伪鉴别的研究

研究收集了不同品牌的90个葡萄酒样品,为了消除各光谱基线不同带来的影响,对所有光谱曲线都进行了一阶求导,以一阶导数谱线作为有效数据,通过独立主成分(PC)分析可知,前两个主成分的贡献率达到80%以上,主成分聚类使得真伪葡萄酒样品明显分为两类;以前四个主成分作为BP神经网络的输入建立了一个三层人工神经网络的识别模型,该模型对葡萄酒样品的预测识别率达到100%。研究表明,可见-近红外透射光谱结合主成分分析建立的BP神经网络模型能为快速、无损鉴别葡萄酒真伪提供一种准确可靠的新方法。     

应用可见-近红外光谱技术进行白醋品牌和pH值的快速检测

提出了一种基于可见-近红外透射光谱技术快速判别白醋品牌和测定pH值的方法。应用可见-近红外透射光谱获取不同品牌白醋的透射光谱曲线,并对获得的原始光谱数据进行平滑、变量标准化以及一阶导数等预处理,然后利用主成分分析对原始光谱数据进行聚类分析,根据主成分的累计贡献率选取主成分数,并将所选取的主成分作为三层BP神经网络的输入。通过定标集样本对BP神经网络进行训练,得到三层优化神经网络结构：5输入层节点,6隐含层节点和2输出层节点,各层传递函数均采用Sigmoid函数。利用该模型对预测集样本进行预测。实验结果表明在阈值设定为±0.1的情况下该模型对预测集样本品牌鉴别准确率达到了100%,pH预测值与实际测量值偏差小于5%,得到了理想的结果。所以利用可见-近红外光谱技术结合主成分分析和神经网络算法能够快速准确的判定白醋品牌和pH值。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.