O(3P)+CD4反应的含时波包动力学计算

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面,运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法,对O(3P)+CD4反应体系进行了含时量子动力学计算,给出了该体系的总反应几率,散射截面和热速率常数等结果.通过对j=0时, v=0,1的反应几率的计算,看出D-CD3的振动激发,极大地提高了反应几率,而反应阈能明显降低,说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献. 而对于v=0时j=0,1,2,3的反应几率的计算,得出转动量子数j的增大,也会使反应几率有较大的提高,但反应阈能基本不变.     

原子-多原子分子反应的含时波包理论研究

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面,运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法,对D+CH4,O(3P)+CH4反应体系进行了含时波包动力学研究,计算得到了不同初始振动态的总反应几率,总散射截面和热速率常数.通过对j=0时,v=0,1的反应几率的计算,看出H-CH3的振动激发,极大地提高了反应几率,而反应阈能明显降低,说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献.     

原子-多原子分子反应的含时波包理论研究

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面，运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法，对D CH4，O(^3P) CH4反应体系进行了含时波包动力学研究，计算得到了不同初始振动态的总反应几率，总散射截面和热速率常数。通过对j=0时，v=0，1的反应几率的计算，看出H—CH3的振动激发，极大地提高了反应几率，而反应阈能明显降低，说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献。     

D+CD4→CD3+D2反应的量子含时动力学研究

运用半刚体振动转子靶(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型,利用含时波包法(TDWP method),对反应D+CD4→CD3+D2进行了量子含时动力学研究与计算.反应几率随平动能的变化图象,呈现出显著的量子共振特性.并通过对v=0时,j=0,1,2的反应几率以及j=0时,v=0,1的反应几率的计算,对该反应的空间效应进行了研究与分析.     

低碰撞能下H+HF(v=3,j=0)反应的量子动力学研究

报道了H原子和振动激发的HF(v=3,j=0)分子在低碰撞能下的量子反应动力学研究.计算结果表明:在低碰撞能下,散射主要以非反应过程为主;振动激发有利于反应的进行;在小于10-4eV碰撞能下,非反应非弹性散射截面和反应截面的比值约为3.在反应截面上发现了Feshbach共振现象,证实是由反应通道上紧邻反应势垒的H…HF(v=3,j=1～3)的范德瓦尔斯聚合体存在的准束缚态所形成.     

交叉分子束实验研究F+D_2(v=1,j=0)反应（英文）

本文使用交叉分子束方法研究了氟原子和振动激发态氖分子D_2(v=1,j=0)的反应.使用受激拉曼抽运的方法制备了振动激发的D_2分子.实验中未观测到来自于旋轨耦合激发态氟原子F*(~2P_(1/2))与振动激发态D_2分子的贡献.观测到来自于旋轨耦合基态氟原子F(~2P_(3/2))和振动激发态D_2的反应信号,相应的产物DF分子布居于u'=2,3,4,5振动态上.与振动基态反应F+D_2(v=1,j=0)相比,振动激发态反应F+D_2(v=1,j=0)生成的DF产物转动分布更"热".获得了振动激发反应的四个碰撞能在0.32至2.62 kcal/mol范围内的微分反应截面.在最低的碰撞能0.32 kcal/mol下,所有振动态的DF产物都以后向散射为主.随着碰撞能的增加,DF产物的角分布逐渐从后向转移到侧向.测量了DF(v'=5)产物的前向微分散射截面随碰撞能变化的曲线.前向散射的DF(v'=5)信号出现于1.0 kcal/mol.在2.62 kcal/mol碰撞能下DF(v'=5)主要为前向散射.     

碰撞能对O++DH (v=0, j=0)→OD++H的准经典轨线

运用准经典轨线的方法,基于RODRIGO势能面,研究反应体系O⁺+DH (v=0, j=0)→OD⁺+H的立体动力学性质. 对描述k-j′两矢量相关和k-k′-j′三矢量相关的分布函数P(θr)和P(φr)以及产物转动取向参数进行了详细的讨论,发现极化微分反应截面呈现有趣的现象. 计算了反应几率与反应截面. O⁺+DH (v=0, j=0)→OD⁺+H反应的立体动力学性质对体系的碰撞能非常敏感.     

Cl+CH4反应的含时量子动力学研究

基于新的势能面,运用半刚性振动转子靶(SVRT)模型和含时波包法对Cl+CH4→HCl+CH3反应体系进行了计算,给出了反应过程中体系的振动、转动及空间立体效应对该反应的反应几率和反应阈能的影响,并计算了基态的总散射截面和热速率常数.     

多原子分子在金属表面解离吸附的量子动力学研究

利用SVRT模型计算CD4在Ni(100)表面的解离几率随动能的变化关系, 给出对应初始状态(v=1, 2, 3, j=1)和(v=2, j=1, 3, 5)时的计算结果, 画出了解离关系曲线.     

利用新构建势能面3A研究S(3P)+H2→HS+H反应含时波包量子散射

利用高精度从头算能量点构建三重态³A' 势能面. 单点能计算采用的方法是完全活性空间自洽场和多组态相互作用,计算中所用的基组是aug-cc-pV5Z,并利用多体展开方法结合AP函数形式对所有能量点进行了拟合. 在新构建的势能面基础上,在平动能0.8～2.2 eV进行了含时波包散射计算,计算中同时采用了离心突然近似和紧耦合方法. 另外还对初始振动态ν=0～3(j=0)情况下的总反应几率进行了计算,结果发现初始振动激发对该体系有很大的增强作用.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.