All-fiber ring-cavity based frequency swept laser source for frequency domain OCT

<正>We develop a high-speed tunable,quasi-continuous-wave laser source for frequency domain(FD) optical coherence tomography(OCT).The laser resonance is realized within a unidirectional all-fiber ring cavity consisting of a fiber coupler,two fiber isolators,a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA),and a fiber FabryPerot tunable filter(FFP-TF) for frequency tuning.Light output from the coupler is further amplified and spectral shaped by a booster SOA terminated at both ends with two isolators.The developed laser source provides up to 8000 sweeps per second over a full-width wavelength tuning range of 120 nm at center wavelength of 1320 nm with an average power of 9 mW,yielding an axial resolution of 13.6μm in air and a maximum sensitivity of about 112 dB for OCT imaging.The instantaneous linewidth is about 0.08 nm,enabling OCT imaging over an axial range of 3.4 mm in air.For optimization consideration based on this custom-built swept laser,experimental study on imaging quality relevant parameters of the swept laser with sine and ramp driving waveforms to the FFP-TF is conducted,and investigation of the swept laser on the cavity length is done.Implementing the laser source in our established swept source based OCT(SS-OCT) system,real-time structural imaging of biological tissue is demonstrated.     

A 1550-nm linearly tunable continuous wave single-mode external cavity diode laser based on a single-cavity all-dielectric thin-film Fabry Pérot filter

A 1550-nm linearly tunable continuous wave (CW) single-mode external cavity diode laser (ECDL) based on a singlecavity all-dielectric thin-film Fabry-Pérot filter (s-AFPF) is proposed and realized in this paper. Its internal optical components as well as their operation mechanisms are introduced first, and then its longitudinal mode output characteristic is theoretically analyzed. Afterwards, we set up the experimental platform for the output characteristic measurement of this tunable ECDL; under different experimental conditions, we execute accurate and real-time measurements for the output central wavelength, output optical power, output longitudinal mode distribution, and the line-width of the tunable ECDL in its tuning process. By summing up the optimal experimental condition from the measured data, we obtain the optimal tunable ECDL relevant parameters: the tunable ECDL has a linear mode-hop-free wavelength tuning region of 1547.203 nm-1552.426 nm, a stable output optical power in the range of 40 μW-50 μW, and a stable output longitudinal mode distribution of a single longitudinal mode with a line-width in the range of 100 MHz-150 MHz. This tunable ECDL can be used in environmental gas monitoring, atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy research, precise measurements, and so on.     

Wavelength tunable passively Q-switched Yb-doped double-clad f iber laser with graphene grown on SiC

A passively Q-switched tunable Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser is demonstrated with graphene epitaxially grown on SiC.The spectral tuning of the Q-switched fiber laser is implemented by rotating a quartz plate filter inside the cavity.The central wavelength of the fiber laser can be continuously tuned from 1038.54 to 1056.22 nm.The maximum pulse energy of 0.65 μJ is obtained at the pump power of 4.08 W,and the corresponding pulse duration and average output power are 1.60 μs and 35 mW,respectively.     

A Dual-Wavelength Cladding-Pumped Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ Codoped Fibre Laser System with More Than 2 W Output and Tunable Wavelength Spacing

A dual-wavelength laser system with wideband tunable wavelength spacing and more than 2 W output power is proposed and demonstrated. The operation principle of the laser system is based on the saturation gain characteristic of a cladding-pumped Era＋ /yba＋ co-doped fibre amplifier combining with a wideband tunable fibre laser with fiat power spectrum. The tuning range of the wavelength spacing is continuous within a 35 nm spectral range, and the power difference between both lasing wavelengths can be easily adjusted and controlled by a variable optical attenuator. The total output power can approximately keep unchangeable when the wavelength spacing and the power difference between both lasing wavelengths are continuously tuned and changed. The maximum total output power of the laser system is about 2.22 W.     

High-Efficiency Spectral-Beam-Combined 930 nm Diode Laser Source

Spectral beam combining is an effective way to achieve high-brightness direct diode laser output.We present an experimental study on spectral beam combining with external cavity based on transmission grating.Using a series of cylindrical transform lenses with different focal lengths,spectral beaming combining efficiency is greatly improved,and the results of wavelength intervals are consistent with the theoretical calculations.With the injection current of 90 A,a 75.1 W cw 930 nm output power with wavelength span of 18.6 nm and spectral beam combining efficiency of 92.7% is achieved,the beam parameter product is 5.77 mm·mrad.     

Linearly polarized operation of Yb-doped fiber laser by Brewster's angle-polished fiber end

<正>A new method to obtain linear polarization operation by Brewster's angle-polished fiber end is demonstrated. By using the special polarization operation technique together with introducing a narrow-linewidth fiber grating into the laser cavity,a cladding-pumped linear polarization and single-transverse-mode (M~21.1) Yb-doped fiber laser with narrow linewidth whose full-width at half-maximm(FWHM) is less than 0.2 nm,is obtained in a simple configuration.The output power is up to 10 W which is continuouswave output at 1085 nm,and the slope efficiency is 63%with respect to the coupled pump power and 75%with respect to the absorbed pump power,respectively.The measured 21-dB polarization extinction ratio does not degrade with the output power.The simplicity of such an approach is highly beneficial for a number of applications,including the use of a fiber laser for the nonlinear wavelength conversion (especially for the intracavity frequency doubling) and for the coherent and spectral beam combination.     

Hybrid femtosecond laser system based on a Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier for N_P polarization

We report a hybrid femtosecond laser system based on a femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser and a Yb-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate(Yb:KGW) regenerative amplifier. To match the central wavelength of the seed source, a Yb:KGW crystal is used in the regenerative amplifier for N_p polarization. We study and optimize the dynamics of nonlinear amplification to alleviate the gain narrowing effect. With optimization, the system can output 270 fs pulses with 21 μJ pulse energy at a 60 kHz repetition rate.     

Ultra-broadband supercontinuum generated in dispersion-flattened fiber

With 4.28-km dispersion-flattened fiber (DFF), more than 254.9-nm 10-dB bandwidth on the right side of zero-dispersion wavelength and a 190.4-nm wide spectral region with the uniformity of within ±0.5 dB are obtained. While on the opposite side, 198.4-nm 10-dB bandwidth and 62.3-nm spectral region with the uniformity of within ±0.5 dB are obtained. More than 88 channels spaced at 2.52 nm on the long wavelength side are generated using Fabry-Perot (F-P) filter. The output supercontinuum (SC) characteristic is also analyzed by spectrum carving.     

Spectral polarization-encoding of broadband laser pulses by optical rotatory dispersion and its applications in spectral manipulation

We propose a kind of spectral polarization-encoding(SPE) for broadband light pulses, which is realized by inducing optical rotatory dispersion(ORD), and decoded by compensating ORD. Combining with polarization-sensitive devices, SPE can not only work to control polarization-dependent transmission for central wavelength or bandwidth-tunable filtering, but also can be used for broadband regenerative or multi-pass amplification with a polarization-dependent gain medium to improve output bandwidth. SPE is entirely passive thus very simple to be designed and aligned. By using an ORD crystal with a good transmission beyond 3-μm mid-infrared region, e.g., Ag Ga S_2, SPE promises to be applied for the wavelength tuning lasers in mid-infrared region, where the tunning devices are rather under developed compared with those in visible and near-infrared region.     

Characteristics of stable L-band SFS using dual-forward synchronous pumping technique

We investigate the characteristics of the dual-forward synchronously pumped L-band erbium-doped su- perfiuorescent fiber source （SFS）. The effects of pump ratio and fiber length arrangements on the output characteristics of the L-band SFS in terms of mean wavelength, spectral linewidth, and output power are analyzed. It is shown that the optimized pump ratio and fiber length arrangements provide broadening spectral linewidth and enhanced pumping efficiency, while the synchronous pump ensures stable mean wavelength operation. A new single-forward pumping scheme with a section of unpumped fiber is pro- posed to achieve a mean wavelength stable L-band SFS with a broadening linewidth of 50.4 nm and a pumping efficiency of 33.5%.     

AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体光谱传递函数的研究

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪是集图像、光谱及偏振信息为一体的新型探测仪器,仪器的光谱传递函数是衡量仪器性能的一项重要指标。介绍了单AOTF型和双AOTF型成像光谱仪的工作原理,利用光学域光谱透过函数,推导了以波数Δv表示的单、双型AOTF光谱传递函数,在工作波段为400 nm~900 nm内,计算对比了单、双AOTF型光谱传递函数,并对影响双AOTF型光谱传递函数的因素进行了仿真分析,最后对仪器参数的选取进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:在入射光极角30°, 声光互作用长度5 mm工作波段下,当双AOTF型成像光谱仪工作中心波长相等时,相比同一工作中心波长时的单AOTF型成像光谱仪,光谱传递函数提高了68%;当工作中心波长不相等时,双AOTF型光谱传递函数并不绝对优于单AOTF型,存在临界值。     

利用AOTF多光谱成像系统实现伪装目标的识别

针对传统分光器件存在移动部件以及不能快速实时选择波长的不足,搭建了用声光可调滤光器(AOTF)作为分光器件的多光谱成像系统。系统由光学镜头、AOTF、AOTF驱动器、CCD摄像机和图像采集系统组成。本系统能够在(500~1000)nm的光谱范围内成像。通过对AOTF的控制可以任意选择系统的光谱,从而有目的地选择具有典型目标特性的不同波段的光谱波长,形成同一目标在不同光谱波长下的不同图像。采用迷彩布、头盔以及自然花草进行多次目标特性识别试验,得到了能突出目标特性的具有典型光谱特性的图像。证实了基于AOTF的多光谱成像系统灵敏度高、体积小、无移动部件,并且能够快速实时地改变和选择光谱波段,在所成的多光谱图像中能提高目标与背景的对比度,对伪装目标有明显的探测和识别能力,能将伪装目标与背景区分开。     

声光滤光器性能指标的计算和讨论

以可调谐声光滤光器为元件所制造的光谱分析仪,利用声光谱光器的电调谐分光作用,辅以计算机控制,以完成信息的实时处理,其中声光滤光器性能指标的好坏将直接影响光谱分析仪的设计制造本文对用不同切向的氧化碲晶体所制成几种声光滤光器的几项性能指标进行计算的讨论,使在设计制造光谱分析仪时对声光谱光器的声光和电性能先有一个总体认识,以减少不必要的实验和摸索。     

AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率研究

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪是集图像、光谱及偏振信息为一体的新型探测仪器,由于声光晶体是其核心分光器件,它的性能将影响目标信息的获取能力。因此, 研究提高声光晶体衍射效率的方法是AOTF成像光谱仪研制的重点和关键。首先介绍了AOTF成像光谱仪的工作原理,基于耦合波理论推导了声光晶体衍射效率方程,然后对AOTF成像光谱仪声光晶体衍射效率的影响因素进行数值仿真分析,最后,用Tracepro软件对不同入射光进行了仿真计算。分析结果表明,当AOTF成像光谱仪工作波长范围在0.4 μm~0.9 μm时,为使衍射效率能达到最大值,各个影响因素的最优值是:换能器长度d为2.5 mm,光栅倾斜角φ选择在80°,入射光选择o光。     

AOTF在光谱分析中的应用研究——3.AOTF在原子发射光谱分析中的应用

本文报道了一台以声光可调滤光器(AOTF)为分光元件的自装ICP原子发射光谱仪.其硬件及软件系统均为自行设计.采用的TeO2晶体为Brimrose TEAF5-0.36-0.52-S.波长校正采用了Ca,Y,Li,Eu,Sr和Ba等六个元素的十四条谱线,经十次拟合后波长值误差小于0.1 nm.不同PMT电压下测定的峰值偏差小于0.04 nm.Ba,Y,Eu,Sc和Sr等五个元素的校正曲线平均相关系数为0.999 1,检出限在0.051～0.97 μg*mL-1范围. 在488 nm处半峰高宽度约为2.1 nm,如不采取增强分辨率的措施,该仪器在原子发射光谱分析中的应用有一定的局限性.     

基于AOTF的成像光谱仪及其在同色异谱目标鉴别中的应用

为了同时获得同色异谱目标的光谱信息和空间分布信息,设计了基于声光可调谐滤波器(acousto-optic tunable filter, AOTF)的成像光谱仪,主要包括前置成像透镜组、AOTF滤光成像模块、AOTF驱动器、CCD图像检测器、图像采集卡和计算机。在计算机的控制下,实现波长的快速扫描,获取每个设定波段下的灰度图像,构建一个光谱图像立方体,因此可以获得图像中任意一点的光谱信息。所设计的成像光谱仪,光谱范围为550 ～1 000 nm,光谱分辨率2.6 nm(@632 nm),光谱扫描速度快,任意两个波长之间的切换时间小于80 μs,整个仪器无机械运动部件,功耗低,抗振能力强。利用该仪器对真假玫瑰花进行了鉴别试验,对涂改物证进行了信息复原实验,并成功地辨别出真假玫瑰花和复原出涂改物证,证实了该成像光谱仪具有优异的同色异谱目标鉴别本领,在同色异谱物质的鉴别上具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于胶合棱镜的AOTF成像光谱仪横向色差校正

设计声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)成像光谱仪时,ZEMAX等软件缺乏AOTF光学表面,导致光学设计困难,本文根据波矢量匹配原理,在ZEMAX中建立了基于声光衍射效应的AOTF自定义表面模型,实验表明该模型能够实现AOTF的衍射光精确追迹。在此基础上,针对传统方法校正AOTF横向色差时残差较大的问题,提出了基于胶合棱镜的高精度横向色差校正方法,结合AOTF自定义表面,完成了胶合棱镜的玻璃组合和顶角的自动优化。结果表明,文章提出的自定义表面和胶合棱镜色差校正相结合的方法大大方便了AOTF成像光谱仪的设计,能够将横向色差控制到0.000 3°,比以往方法提高了一个量级,有效抑制了光谱图像的漂移。     

基于声光可调谐滤光器的显微光谱成像技术

为了解决传统声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)成像模糊的缺点,设计了一种新的AOTF。该器件通过在传统的AOTF的出射孔后面放置一个自行设计的等边色散棱镜来实现对衍射光的色散展宽进行补偿,明显地提高了成像的对比度和空间分辨率。将此器件附加在传统光学显微镜上,获得了一种新型的光谱显微成像仪器。其光谱分辨率在575nm波长处为4.2nm、成像空间分辨率为2μm、图像采集速度为毫秒量级。为基于AOTF的光谱成像技术在生物医学等领域的更广泛的应用奠定了基础。     

基于AOTF成像光谱精密测量技术的研究

声光可调滤波器(AOTF)作为光谱成像的一种新型分光元件,在运用其进行成像光谱时,一般选择入射光垂直于AOTF入射面时所对应的衍射中心波长为CCD的光谱测量波长。但在实际测量中,空间目标不同位置的光线总是以不同的角度进入到AOTF,这样就导致了CCD实际测量的光谱和以光垂直入射时所对应的光谱为测量光谱相比出现误差,影响了光谱的测量精度。采用的成像光谱系统的特点是目标光线经前置光学系统、AOTF和成像透镜后,聚焦成像于透镜的焦平面上,实现了目标光在整个系统的一次成像。此一次成像与传统的二次成像相比,能够有效的提高光能利用率和成像质量。由于AOTF的视场角为±3°,所以通过对AOTF视场角范围内衍射中心波长随入射角度变化的实际规律进行了分析研究,并对衍射波长随入射角度变化的实际测量值进行了拟合修正,得到了修正方程。实验结果表明用修正后的方程进行光谱测量,其相对误差值可以减小一个数量级。此方法可为今后提高AOTF成像光谱测量精度奠定基础。     

谱线漂移对星载成像光谱仪辐射测量精度的影响

分析了谱线漂移在地面辐射定标、星上辐射定标和在轨对地观测等环节对成像光谱仪辐射测量的影响,建立了从实验室辐射定标到星上辐射定标再到在轨对地观测全过程的辐射传递模型,并通过仿真分析求解了成像光谱仪入瞳处辐射测量不确定与谱线漂移之间的关系。结果表明,谱线漂移导致的辐射测量误差与谱线漂移量和入瞳辐亮度的分布梯度成正比;光谱带宽偏差对测量精度的影响程度较中心波长误差高一个数量级。对于可见近红外(VNIR)波段平均光谱带宽10 nm、短波红外(SWIR)波段平均光谱带宽20 nm的典型成像光谱仪,要保证谱线漂移引起的辐射测量不确定度小于6%,实现成像光谱仪在轨观测时入瞳处的辐射测量绝对精度优于10%,可见近红外波段中心波长偏差应不大于2 nm,光谱带宽偏差应不大于0.1 nm,短波红外波段中心波长偏差应不大于3 nm,光谱带宽偏差应不大于0.1 nm。