拼接望远镜成像系统的理论模型分析及仿真研究

拼接主镜是建设大型天文望远镜最有效的技术途径,尤其是对10m及更大口径的望远镜.本文从光学衍射理论出发,以10m左右口径望远镜为例,推导出了拼接望远镜光学系统点扩展函数的解析表达式,建立了数学仿真模型,并对影响望远镜系统远场像质的因素进行了计算分析.理论分析和仿真结果表明:拼接望远镜的点扩散函数是分块镜的位置干涉函数和分块镜的点扩散函数的乘积;分块镜间的间距会引起分块镜的衍射光斑展宽,使远场峰值能量下降;分块镜的平移误差会严重影响望远镜点扩散函数中的位置干涉函数,从而降低望远镜系统的斯特列尔比;分块镜的倾斜误差会在每个分块镜的点扩散函数引入频移,因而影响拼接望远镜光学系统的点扩散函数,降低望远镜系统的斯特列尔比.     

高温液体实时分子光谱测量装置

主要报导自行与制作的高温实时分子光谱测量装置。它主要在红外光谱仪和激光拉曼光谱仪的基础上加设了一套实时高温红外光学泵浦采集系统和样品高温加热炉。该装置可用于研究高温晶体生长过程中母液相的结构以及固 -液相转变过程中结构的变化。     

宽带折反射式紫外光刻物镜的设计

本文设计了一种新系列的紫外或远紫外激光光刻物镜,它与国内外已有的紫外物镜相比,在365nm以下的光谱区,具有更宽的光谱工作带宽和较高的数值孔径.以宽带准分子激光或短弧汞氙灯做光源,无需另加色散补偿光学元件,可以进行同轴对准.     

微加工薄膜变形镜特性分析

 借助测量微加工薄膜变形镜驱动器的面形影响函数，分析了驱动器的电压-位移函数和驱动器之间的线性叠加性;通过对连续面形变形镜拟合像差的理论分析和实验研究，建立了微加工薄膜变形镜电压解耦模型。分析了对前36阶Zernike模式的拟合残差和拟合能力，指出微加工薄膜变形镜仅可用来拟合低级像差并且有较大的拟合能力和较小的拟合残差，而不能拟合高级像差。     

High resolution mosaic image of capillaries in human retina by adaptive optics

Adaptive optics (AO) has been proved as a powerful means for high resolution imaging of human retina. Because of the pixel number of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, the field of view is limited to 1°. In order to have image of capillaries around vivo human fovea, we use mosaic method to obtain high resolution image in area of 6°×6°. Detailed structures of capillaries around fovea with resolution of 2.3 μm are clearly shown. Comparison shows that this method has a much higher resolution than current clinic retina imaging methods.     

Effects of Different Zernike Terms on Optical Quality and Vision of Human Eyes

The visual quality of human eyes is much restricted by high-order aberrations as well as low-order aberrations （defocus and astigmatism）, but each term of high-order aberrations contributes differently. The visual acuity and contrast of the image on the retina can be gained by inducing aberrations to each term of high orders. Based on an adaptive optics system, the visual acuity of four subjects is tested by inducing aberrations to each Zernike term after correcting all the aberrations of the subjects. Zernike terms near the center of the Zernike tree affect visual quality more than those near the edge both theoretically and experimentally, and 0.1μm aberration of these terms can clearly degrade the optical quality and vision. The results suggest that correcting the terms near the center of Zernike tree can improve the visual quality effectively in practice.     

一种提高波前空间校正能力的组合变形镜自适应光学系统

提出了一种利用光学共轭关系,实现多变形镜空间匹配从而提高波前空间校正能力的自适应光学系统方案.通过理论分析给出了组合变形镜的面形描述方法,在此基础上建立了一套基于由两块相同方形排列变形镜构成的组合波前校正器的完整自适应光学实验系统.通过数值仿真研究了该系统对前35阶Zernike像差的校正效果,并且通过实验对比了组合变形镜和单一变形镜对实际静态像差的闭环校正效果.结果表明组合变彤镜可以等效为一多单元变形镜,在直接斜率控制算法下正常稳定闭环工作,校正效果明显优于单一变形镜.组合变形镜技术通过空间匹配实现了增加波前校正器驱动单元数和等效交连值,有效地提高了对波前的空间校正能力,因此可以代替高成本的单一多驱动器变形镜用于自适应光学系统中高阶像差的校正.     

用于活体人眼视网膜观察的自适应光学成像系统

利用自适应光学技术,研制了两套活体人眼视网膜高分辨力成像系统,在实时校正人眼波前误差的基础上,实现活体人眼视网膜细胞尺度的高分辨力成像。这两套系统分别采用19和37单元小型压电变形反射镜作为波前校正元件,哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack)波前传感器测量波前误差,用眼底反射的半导体激光作为波前探测的信标。在用计算机控制自适应光学系统实现人眼波前误差校正后,触发闪光灯照明视网膜,用CCD相机记录视网膜的高分辨力图像。校正后的残余波前误差的均方根值已分别小于1／6和1／10波长,相当于视网膜上成像分辨力分别为3．4μm和2．6μm,接近衍射极限。试验表明37单元系统的成像质量更好。     

分块拼接望远镜的数值仿真

为了更好地了解拼接望远镜光学系统的光学性能,对拼接主镜中分块镜的各种误差对望远镜光学系统的影响进行有效的分析计算。从几何光学入手,采用光线追迹方法,建立了拼接望远镜光学系统的数值仿真模型。利用该模型,可以模拟不同口径和分块镜数拼接望远镜的光学系统;可仿真分析拼接主镜中分块镜由于轴向平移、倾斜、旋转和径向平移等各种误差引起的波像差以及对远场图像的影响。并计算了不同误差项对光学系统斯特雷尔比的影响,为发展大口径望远镜提供技术支持。     

33 W quasi-continuous-wave narrow-band sodium D_(2a) laser by sum-frequency generation in LBO

We demonstrate an all-solid quasi-continuous-wave （QCW） narrow-band source tunable to sodium D2a line at 589.159 nm. The source is based on sum-frequency mixing between lasers at 1064 nm and 1319 nm in a LBO crystal. The 1064 nm and 1319 nm lasers are produced from two diode side-pumped Nd：YAG master oscillator power amplifier （MOPA） laser systems, respectively. A 33 W output of 589 nm laser is obtained with beam quality factor M^2 = 1.25, frequency stability better than ±0.2 GHz and linewidth less than 0.44 GHz. A prototype 589 nm laser system is assembled, and a sodium laser guided star has been successfully observed in the field test.