SnO纳米晶须的制备及其性能表征

以SnCl2·2H2O为主要原料, Na2CO3 为矿化剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂,采用压力热晶法,在160~200℃成功地制备出分散性好、晶型完整、结构稳定的氧化亚锡纳米晶须,并用透射电子显微镜、电子衍射、X射线衍射等技术手段对氧化亚锡纳米晶须的结构和形貌进行表征.表征结果显示,制得的SnO晶须具有棒状外观结构,其直径和长度分别为10~40、100~400nm. 实验还考察了反应时间、体系压力等条件对产物结构和形貌的影响,实验结果表明,增加压力和延长反应时间都有利于四方晶型氧化亚锡晶须的形成. 同时探论了四方晶型氧化亚锡纳米晶的须形成机理,初步认为其形成过程是一个成核并沿晶格延伸生长的过程.     

CdSe纳米晶的制备条件对发光特性的影响

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,在水相中制备了CdSe纳米晶水溶胶,并用X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜对其进行了表征,证明了CdSe纳米晶的形成。研究了在不同反应时间所制备的CdSe纳米晶的XRD谱以及吸收光谱和发射光谱的变化情况,并且还研究了不同反应物配比情况下的发射光谱的变化,结果表明改变CdSe纳米晶的制备条件,将会对CdSe纳米晶的发光特性有显著的影响。     

物理分析技术在无机氧化物晶体结构表征中的应用

以氯化锌和氢氧化钠为主要原料,采用简单液相法,通过改变反应液的组成,制备出了针状、棒状、片状和花状四种不同形貌的ZnO微/纳米晶体。应用X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）及选区电子衍射仪（SEAD）对产物进行表征,获得了ZnO物相、形貌与微观结构的重要信息。     

电流体动力学技术制备的Sn-Bi纳米超微粉的微观结构特征

采用电流体动力学技术制备了Sn-Bi纳米超微粉,利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和高分辨电子显微镜研究了Sn-Bi纳米超微粉的微观结构特征,结果表明：所制取的Sn-Bi纳米超微粉由四方结构的β-Sn单相过饱和固溶体和菱方结构的Bi单相过饱和固溶体所组成,这些纳米超微粉绝大部分为单晶结构,极少量为孪晶结构,小于10nm的颗粒为完整单晶,10nm以上的单晶颗粒中存在着位错．并对其结构形成机制进行了分析. 关键词：     

水热法合成纳米花状二硫化钼及其微观结构表征

本文以钼酸钠、硫代乙酰胺为前驱体, 硅钨酸为添加剂, 成功用水热法合成高纯度纳米花状二硫化钼. 产物特性用X射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散谱(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征. XRD和EDS图显示实验产物为二硫化钼, 且其结晶度和层状堆垛良好. SEM图谱则表明二硫化钼为纳米花状结构, 颗粒直径300 nm左右, 由几十上百片花瓣组成, 每片花瓣厚度十个纳米左右. 通过以硅钨酸为变量的梯度实验, 研究发现, 硅钨酸对于纳米花状MoS₂的形成具有重要作用, 不添加硅钨酸, 无法形成纳米花状MoS₂, 此外, 硅钨酸的剂量会影响合成MoS₂的大小和形貌. 本文还对纳米花状二硫化钼的形成机理做了初步的讨论.     

碳纳米管/硅纳米孔柱阵列的场发射性能

"通过热化学气相沉积的方法将碳纳米管生长到硅纳米孔柱阵列衬底上．采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线能谱对所制备的样品形貌、组成进行了分析．结果发现：所制备产物为一种具有面积大、准周期性的碳纳米管/硅巢状阵列复合结构．能谱分析表明碳纳米管仅含有碳元素．对样品进行场发射性能测试表明该结构开启电压为1.3 MV/m,当外加电压为4.26 MV/m,发射电流为5 mA/cm2．由FN公式计算相应的场增强因子约为1.1￡104．碳纳米管/硅纳米孔柱阵列好的场发射性能被归     

室温合成硫化银纳米粒子及其X射线光电子能谱表征

在常温常压下制备了硫化银纳米粒子,选用廉价的氧化银和硫粉为原料,采用多聚甲醛为还原剂,并在乙二胺体系中完成了反应。所得产物用X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜进行了表征。X射线粉末衍射表明：产物为单斜相的硫化银;透射电子显微镜表明：产物为直径约为100nm的棒状纳米粒子,其对应的电子衍射斑点可以指标成(120)和(303),说明产物的结晶较好;X射线光电子能谱分析表明：产物中Ag属 1价而S属-2价,它们的原子个数比为Ag：S=1：0．453。对比实验表明：多聚甲醛和无水乙二胺都起了很关键的作用;多聚甲醛起了多重作用,它既是溶剂,又是中和剂,用以除去反应的副产物多个点-甲酸,从而加速了反应的进行。     

形貌可控的CsPbBr3钙钛矿纳米晶的制备及其形成动力学的原位光致发光研究

通过添加不同比例的十二烷二酸(DDDA)配体,在室温下采用配体辅助再沉淀法制备CsPbBr₃钙钛矿纳米晶.利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、紫外分光光度计、荧光光谱仪等对纳米晶的相结构、微结构和光学性质进行了表征.结果显示:所有纳米晶产物均为立方相结构;而纳米晶形貌会随着DDDA浓度的增加从纳米立方块逐渐转变为厚度均一的纳米片,同时光致发光光谱从绿光区移至蓝光区.结合实验室搭建的具有超高时间分辨率(约100 ms)的原位光致发光装置,实时监测了不同形貌纳米晶在形成过程中光致发光光谱的演变.结果表明:未使用DDDA时前驱体经历了快速成核和尺寸分布聚焦生长后生成纳米立方块;DDDA的出现促进了纳米晶在形成早期生成各向异性的纳米片,然而随着反应时间的延长,具有不对称结构的纳米片会通过溶解-再结晶方式转变为热力学稳定的纳米立方块.本工作对形貌可控的钙钛矿纳米晶的精准合成具有一定参考价值.     

花状硫化铜级次纳米结构的制备及可见光催化活性研究

本实验以氯化铜 (CuCl₂·2H₂O) 和二硫化碳(CS₂)为原料, 以乙二醇(C₂H₆O₂) 为溶剂, 通过溶剂热法成功制备了具有可见光活性的花状硫化铜(CuS) 级次纳米结构. 并利用X射线粉末衍射技术(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM) 等技术对其进行了表征, 利用紫外可见吸收光谱(Uv-vis)分析了其光学性能, 并以甲基橙为目标降解物对其可见光催化活性进行了研究. 结果表明: 花状CuS级次纳米结构具有很高的可见光催化活性, 与体相CuS粉末相比有很大的提高, 在自然光照射下对甲基橙的降解率可以达到100%. 同时本文对花状级次纳米结构的形成机理进行了分析. 关键词： 硫化铜 溶剂热 级次纳米结构 光催化     

LaF3薄片的液相合成和表征

在氨水或无水乙二胺体系中通过液相反应制备了单晶六方相LaF3薄片.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等对产物进行了表征.研究了反应时间对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,薄片尺寸变大.讨论了薄片生长的可能机理,当溶剂有配位作用时,如氨水或无水乙二胺,最初形成的LaF3沉淀溶解、重结晶,最终形成无规则的薄片;当溶剂无配位作用时,如四氯化碳或无水乙醇,最终产物为球形颗粒.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.